In today’s marketplace, moving to the public Cloud is a familiar and consistent trend within the SQL Server community. But which cloud provider do you choose? After all there are different AWS instances each with their own distinctive features. Migrations to the cloud are only going to gain greater momentum as organizations grapple with their on-premises alternatives. Recent cloud breaches may have some organizations hesitant to take the leap and move to the cloud, however market-leading cloud providers are making every attempt in adhering to compliance guidelines while boosting their security framework and reliability offerings. They are also becoming more competitive by managing their cost more effectively. For both homogeneous and heterogeneous migrations, planning plays a critical role in moving to the cloud. Preparing a checklist and asking the right questions to stakeholders lays the groundwork in this planning. There are different methods to migrate databases from on-premises to the AWS cloud. This webinar is in partnership with PASS, download the recording to learn more about: Reasons to go to the cloud SQL Server on AWS EC2 vs. AWS RDS SQL Server high availability (HA) & disaster recovery (DR) SQL Server migration methodology DBAs role in the cloud

1. Accelerate SQL Server
Migration to the
AWS Cloud
Approach & Methodology
Jeff Duncan,
DBA Manager, SQL Server,
Datavail

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4. Jeff Duncan
DBA Manager, SQL Server,
Datavail
/jeffreyaaronduncan/
Jeff.Duncan@datavail.com
SQL Server Team Manager
with 20+ years’ experience
Expertise with database
operations, cloud
migrations, database
development, report
writing & project
management
Responsible for a team of
14 DBAs that deliver
complex custom solutions
for Datavail’s customers

5. Accelerate SQL Server
Migration to the
AWS Cloud
Approach & Methodology
Jeff Duncan,
DBA Manager, SQL Server,
Datavail

6. About Datavail
Databases
• Windows Workloads
• Open Source
Workloads
• Oracle Workloads
100+ Cloud
SA’s and Engineers
16+ Years
Database Services
700+
Customers
8+ Years Cloud
Experience
200,000+
Databases Managed
100+ Cloud
Migrations
Expertise Experience Outcome
Data
Integration
& Analytics

7. Agenda • Cloud: What, Who & Why
• What’s the Difference Between
IaaS, SaaS & PaaS?
• SQL Server in the Cloud
• SQL Server High Availability &
Disaster Recovery
• DBA Role in the Cloud: Now What?

8. Who is the Cloud?
AWS | Microsoft Azure | Google Cloud

9. Why Go to the Cloud?
• Business Strategy
• Reduced Expense
• Security
• Data Ownership & Access
• Agility

10. On-Prem v. IaaS, PaaS and SaaS
On-Premise
Servers
Storage
Networking
Virtualization
OS
Middleware
Runtime
Apps
Data
IaaS
Servers
Storage
Networking
Virtualization
OS
Middleware
Runtime
Apps
Data
PaaS
Servers
Storage
Networking
Virtualization
OS
Middleware
Runtime
Apps
Data
SaaS
Servers
Storage
Networking
Virtualization
OS
Middleware
Runtime
Apps
Data
• Infrastructure
as a Service
• Platform as a
Service
• Software as a
Service

11. Migration Methodology
• Involve
stakeholders
• Calculate your TCO
(Total Cost of
Ownership)
• Discover and
evaluate apps
Assess
• Select a migration
strategy
• Apply the migration
strategy
• Find recommended
tools
Planning &
Migration
• Analyze your
costs
• Save with offers
• Reinvest to do
more
Optimize
• Security
• Data protection
• Monitoring
Secure and
Manage
Workloads
On-Premise AWS

12. EC2 RDS
SQL Server on Amazon EC2 vs. RDS
• Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is the
AWS version of a virtual machine
in the cloud
• Can develop & deploy applications
faster
• Launch virtual servers as needed
• Scales up and down to handle
changes
• Relational Database Service (RDS)
offers Database as a Service
(DBaaS)
• Easy to set up, operate, and scale a
relational database in the cloud.
• Cost-efficient and resizable
capacity
• Automated administration tasks

13. Amazon EC2 Instance Types
General Purpose
Compute
Optimized
Memory
Optimized
Accelerated
Computing
Storage
Optimized
A1 C5 R5 P3 I3
T3 C5n R5a P2 I3en
T3a C4 R5n Inf1 D2
T2 R4 G4 H1
M6g X1e G3
M5 X1e F1
M5a High Memory
M5n Z1d
M4

14. Amazon EBS Volume Types
Solid-State Drives (SSD) Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
Volume Type
General Purpose
SSD (gp2)
Provisioned IOPS
SSD (io1)
Throughput
Optimized HDD
(st1)
Cold HDD (sc1)
Description
General purpose
SSD volume that
balances price and
performance for a
wide variety of
workloads
Highest-
performance SSD
volume for mission-
critical low-latency
or high-throughput
workloads
Low-cost HDD
volume designed
for frequently
accessed,
throughput-
intensive workloads
Lowest cost HDD
volume designed
for less frequently
accessed workloads

15. Amazon EBS Volume Types
Solid-State Drives (SSD) Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
Use Cases Recommended for
most workloads
System boot
volumes
Virtual desktops
Low-latency
interactive apps
Development and
test environments
Critical business applications that
require sustained IOPS performance,
or more than 16,000 IOPS or 250
MiB/s of throughput per volume
Large database workloads,
such as:
• MongoDB
• Cassandra
• Microsoft SQL Server
• MySQL
• PostgreSQL
• Oracle
Streaming workloads
requiring consistent,
fast throughput at a
low price
Big data
Data warehouses
Log processing
Cannot be a boot
volume
Throughput-oriented
storage for large
volumes of data that
is infrequently
accessed
Scenarios where the
lowest storage cost is
important

16. Amazon RDS doesn't support running these services on the same server as
your Amazon RDS DB instance:
Limitation of RDS over SQL Server on EC2
• SQL Server Analysis Services
• SQL Server Integration Services
• SQL Server Reporting Services
• Data Quality Services
• Master Data Services
• We can create up to 30 databases on
each of your DB instances running
Microsoft SQL Server. The Microsoft
system databases, such as master and
model, don’t count toward this limit.
• Some ports are reserved for Amazon RDS
use and you can’t use them when you
create a DB instance.
• Amazon RDS for SQL Server does not
support importing data into the msdb
database.
• We can’t rename databases on a DB
instance in a SQL Server Multi-AZ with
Mirroring deployment.

17. Limitation of RDS over SQL Server on EC2
The following Microsoft SQL Server features are not supported on Amazon RDS:
• Stretch database
• Backing up to Microsoft
Azure Blob Storage
• Buffer pool extension
• Data Quality Services
• Database Log Shipping
• Database Mail
• Distribution Transaction
Coordinator (MSDTC)
• File tables
• FILESTREAM support
• Maintenance Plans
• Performance Data
Collector
• Policy-Based
Management
• PolyBase
• Machine Learning and
R Services (requires OS
access to install it)
• Replication
• Resource Governor
• Server-level triggers
• Service Broker endpoints
• T-SQL endpoints (all
operations using CREATE
ENDPOINT are
unavailable)
• WCF Data Services

18. SQL Server HA & DR on AWS EC2
• Use Multiple Availability Zones (AZs)
• Implement instance-level and AZ-level failure tolerance
• Synchronous replication across physical data centers
• Enterprise Edition (2012+)
• Always On Availability Groups
• Shared nothing architecture (multi-subnet failover)
• Standard Edition
• Basic Always On Availability Groups (2016+)
• Failover Cluster Instances (FCI) using block storage
replication
Availability
Zone
C
AWS
Availability
Zone
A
Availability
Zone
B

19. Multi-Region Always On Availability Group
• High Availability and
Disaster recovery
• High Performance
EBS Volume
• Instance Store
• Backups to S3 Bucket
• Horizontal and
Vertical Scaling
EC2 Primary
Replica
VPC
Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2
Synchronous Commit
Automatic Failover
Availability Zone 1
Asynchronous Commit
Manual Failover
VPC
Elastic IP Elastic IP
AWS Region A AWS Region B
MS SQL
EC2 Secondary
Replica
MS SQL
EC2 Secondary
Replica
MS SQL

20. Feature Comparison: RDS & EC2
Features RDS SQL on EC2
Control AWS In house DBA
Installation Automatic installation Manual Installation
Disk Provisioning and management Automatic Manually
Patching Automatic Manually
Minor version upgrades Automatic Manually
Failed instance replacement Automatic N/A
Backup and recovery of your SQL Server
databases
Automatic In House DBA
Automated Multi-AZ (Availability Zone) Automatic Manual Configuration required

21. Feature Comparison: RDS & EC2
Features RDS SQL on EC2
Cost Cost effective More Control over cost
Transparent Data Encryption Available Available
CDC Available Available
On-Lined Indexing Available Available
Data-at-rest protection Available Available
Data-in-transit protection
Available ( Amazon RDS creates an SSL
certificate for your SQL Server DB instance
when the instance is created.)
Need to configure Manually
BD access Controls Through IAM Through SQL Server

22. Choosing Between SQL Server RDS & EC2
• Consider RDS first
• Focus on business
value tasks
• High-level tuning
tasks
• Schema
optimization
• No in-house
database expertise
• Need full control
over DB instance
• Backups
• Replication
• Clustering
• Options that are
not available in
RDS
Amazon RDS for
SQL Server
SQL Server on
Amazon EC2
AWS managed
Scaling
High Availability
Database Backups
DBMS Patching
DBMS Install / Maintenance
OS Patching
OS Install / Maintenance
Power, HVAC, net
Scaling
High Availability
Database Backups
DBMS Patching
DBMS Install / Maintenance
OS Patching
OS Install / Maintenance
Power, HVAC, net
Customer managed

23. Cost Reduction on AWS Cloud for Running SQL Server
Don’t pay for a EC2 when all you need is storage
You don’t need to pay for a processor if you simply want to store some files. Use AWS Storage S3
instead; you’ll get storage space without the costs of a EC2.
Analyze your spending
Use the AWS billing portal to track your usage. Then use the information to identify where you’re
spending on unneeded resources and shut them down to save money.
Leverage AWS RDS and AMI
You’ll add to your costs by creating a fully custom environment and loading on lots of third-party
products. Instead, leverage AWS’s Platform as a Service features and the configurations in the
Amazon Marketplace to buy services designed to work together.

24. SQL Server Performance Baselining
Memory
• MemoryAvailable Mbytes
• Page Life Expectancy
• User Connections
• Memory Grants Pending
• Total Server Memory (KB)
Disk
• Avg. Disk sec/Read
• Avg. Disk sec/Write
• Avg. Disk Queue Length
CPU
• Processor Time
• Processor Queue Length
SQL Statistics
• Batch Requests/sec
• SQL Compilations/sec
• SQL Re-Compilations/sec
Minimum, maximum and an average values for each counter has been calculated using the values that were collected over
a period of days.

25. Sony Case Study – Summary
• Very large I/O Demands
• Scalability and flexibility
• Enhance HA & DR
• Storage 10 + TB Data
• Infrastructure Modernization
• Migration strategy
• Performance baseline
• Highly available database
design (99.999%)
• Data transfer automation
• Testing and Go Live
• Improved performance
(30 % increase)
• Increased scalability
• Higher availability
• Data warehouse build in AWS
• Analytics – AWS Glue,
Amazon Quicksight
Challenges Accelerated Migration Outcome
Amazon EC2Amazon RDSAmazon S3Auto Scaling
Accelerated
Migration

26. Post-migration Activities
• Performance baseline: Performed on a continual basis
• Ongoing performance tuning: query tuning, wait statistics
analysis, tempdb optimization
• Database monitoring and alerting
• Index and statistics maintenance

27. DBA Responsibility in the Cloud
Category DBA Responsibility IaaS PaaS
Software
Installation and
Maintenance
Plan, install, and configure new SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, and any other
database management system.

On-going updates and patches. 
If new server is needed, transfer of data from existing system to new platform.  
Database backup
and Recovery
Create backup plans to backup the databases. 
Develop recovery plans and procedures to recover the databases in case of
disaster.
 
Test and verify the recovery plans to meet business recovery objectives.  
High Availability
and Disaster
Recovery (HADR)
Plan, design, and implement High Availability and Disaster Recovery (HADR)
solutions based on business requirements. E.g.: SQL AOAG, Clustering,
Database Mirroring, and Log Shipping.

Test and verify the HADR solutions on set schedules as per business
requirements.
 
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): AWS EC2 Platform as a Service (PaaS): AWS RDS

28. DBA Responsibility in the Cloud
Category DBA Responsibility IaaS PaaS
Performance Monitoring and
Database Tuning
Monitor databases for performance issues.  
Tune the database based on application and usage.  
Re-balance workloads across database servers based on monitoring.  
Security and Authentication
Implement best practices to minimize security risk.  
Setup and grant employee and application access based on the
Principle of Least Privileges (PoLP).
 
Capacity Planning
Workload (I/O) capacity planning.  
Storage and disk space usage capacity planning.  
Data Extract, Transformation,
and Loading
Import large volumes of data that have been extracted from multiple
sources into a data warehouse or into a centralized repository.
 
Troubleshooting
Quickly understand and respond to problems when they occur and
restore data or correct issues to minimize damages.
 
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): AWS EC2 Platform as a Service (PaaS): AWS RDS

29. DBA Scope of Work on Cloud
Category Scope of work
Amazon SQL on
Premises VMSQL On AWS (EC2) (IaaS) SQL RDS ( PaaS)
Installation
SQL Server installation
DBA perform the SQL assessment
and may need to correct the
configuration (4-6 hour)
Built In Automation DBA
Installation of SSIS, SSRS,
SSAS , MDS, other SQL
features
DBA Not available DBA
Patching Upgrade DBA
Built In Automation
(Minor upgrades there is
check box)
DBA
Configuration
Login Creation (DB User) DBA DBA DBA
Server level configuration
(Memory Capping,
Tempdb and others)
DBA DBA DBA
Configure linked server DBA Not available DBA
Configure DB Mail DBA Not available DBA

30. DBA Scope of Work on Cloud
Category Scope of work
Amazon SQL on
Premises VMSQL On AWS (EC2) (IaaS) SQL RDS ( PaaS)
Security
Data Masking Not Available DBA Not Available
Advanced Threat protection Not Available DBA Not Available
Security Auditing DBA DBA DBA
Administration
SQL Server START STOP DBA DBA DBA
Database capacity planning DBA DBA DBA
Database Backup DBA DBA DBA
Snapshot backup DBA Built In Automation DBA
Database Restore DBA DBA DBA
Database configuration DBA DBA DBA
Database HA DBA
Built In Automation (Geo-
replication, Auto failover)
DBA (Always on,
clustering)
Database Index maintenance DBA DBA DBA
Database corruption DBA Built In Automation DBA
Deployment, maintenance, and
scaling
DBA (Always on, clustering) DBA DBA

31. Thank you
Jeff Duncan
/jeffreyaaronduncan/
Jeff.Duncan@datavail.com