3. Geography
Cool
Wet
Many Harbors
and Rivers
(Trading)
Many
Resources, (oil,
iron, minerals)
4. Early Britain
Norman invasions
Made up of small
kingdoms of Anglos and
Saxons
Constantly faced Viking
invaders in early middle
ages
Used to be part of
Roman Empire
(Catholic)
5. William the Conqueror
Duke of Normandy
(France)
As former King’s cousin,
claimed England was
rightfully his
Challenged by other
nobles, mainly Harold
Godwinson
6. Battle of Hastings- 1066
William fights nobles
and defeats them,
claiming all of
England for himself
United England under
one ruler
Feudalism
7. THE DOMESDAY BOOK
William the Conqueror centralizes his power
• forces all nobles to pledge loyalty to him
• creates a Domesday book
* census of all people & property in England
* more efficient, centralized tax system
• over time, the French speaking Norman
nobles culture blends with Anglo Saxon
8. Expansion of Kings Power
King Henry II
How did Henry II increase Royal Authority?
created treasure to collect taxes, fines,etc.
sent traveling justices to enforce royal law
these decisions became the basis of
common law- law that is the same for all people
developed early jury system (grand jury)
9. John I
•Greedy, cruel, untrustworthy ruler
•Lost a war and land in northern France
•Conflict with Pope Innocent II over
selection of Archbishop of Canterbury
•Pope interdicts all England until John
gives in
•Raises taxes without consulting nobles
10. The Magna Carta - 1215
“The King is not above the law”
The Nobles react to John’s abuses of power
In 1215 , barons corner John at Runnymede
He is forced to sign the Great Charter Magna Carta
It asserted the king must obey the law
Nobles must be consulted (no taxation without
representation)
Asserted legal rights which over time extend to all
11. This is an example of a
constitutional monarchy
(King is limited in power)
Magna Carta- 1215
Limited Power of King
Created Parliament
12. The Model Parliament
English rulers consulted the Great Council
or Parliament to approve money for wars.
Edward I wanted to war against France
He wanted support from all groups
He created an upper house (lords, clergy)
He created a lower house (knights,
townspeople)
Evolved into House of Lords and House of
Commons (Parliament)
13. 100 Years War 1337- 1453
-Britain and France fight over heir to
French throne
-Britain's believe their King
Edward III is rightful heir since
he is Former French Kin
Phillip’s grandson
-- Joan of Arc
-Britain eventually loses yet
rivalry between two countries
will continue for hundreds of
years (Colonies in America)
16. Henry VIII-
1527
-He wanted to divorce his wife
because she was not giving him a
son
-But there is a problem?
17. Henry VIII
Created Church of
England
Act of
Supremacy King
is more powerful
than church
Converted England
to Protestants
18.
19.
20. Elizabeth I
-Henry’ son Edward was to young to rule
and his daughter Mary was catholic and
brought Catholicism back to England
When she dies Elizabeth, the daughter
from mistress Ann Boleyn, restores
Protestantism in England (law)
Was able to make reforms to please
Catholics and protestants created
Anglican Church
21. Under Elizabeth I….. 1558-1603 (born in 1523)
Was Renaissance period where writers like
Shakespeare and arts flourished
Began colonies in America
England defeats Spanish Armada (war with
Spain and Phillip II)
Created huge debt to England
24. Tudors vs Stuarts
The Protestant Tudor Monarchs (Henry VIII,
Elizabeth) had always consulted Parliament
Elizabeth died unmarried, no children
The Stuarts were asked to rule
They were Catholic
They believed in Divine Right
They behaved like Absolute Monarchs
25. James I
Agreed to rule by English laws, customs
Began to lecture Parliament about Divine Right of
Kings
Dissolved Parliament when it refused to give him
money for courts and wars
Created King James Bible but rejected Puritan
Protestant demands for fewer Catholic religious
practices
He imprisoned foes without trial
26.
27. WAR!!!!
Parliament and the Roundheads (Puritans) led by Oliver
Cromwell
Versus Charles I and the King’s Cavaliers. Who wins? ? ?
28. English Civil War 1642-49
King Charles I Cavaliers attack
leaders of Parliament who escape.
Oliver Cromwell heads the Puritan Roundhead Army
and his military leadership defeats the Kings forces
Charles I - an absolute monarch - is executed!!
29. 1st time in history a King was
publicly executed
Now who rules
England?
30. Cromwell tries to rule
England as a common-
wealth for a decade (more
like mil. dictatorship)
Puritan Rule: No theater,
sporting events, dancing
(all were sins)
Colonized Ireland
31. Cromwell dies, the Stuarts are asked back to
power (the Stuart Restoration)
People did not like Puritan ways
33. Charles II passes Habeas
Corpus
One cannot be put in jail with without
charges
Can’t be held without trail
Kings cannot imprison anyone without
reason
35. The Glorious Revolution and
the English Bill of Rights 1688-
89
James II behaves like an absolute monarch…
- dissolves parliament
- Very Catholic and shows favoritism to
Catholics
What will parliament do? Will they allow him to rule
this way?
36. James flees to France (Glorious
Revolution)
It is glorious because it was bloodless!
Glorious Revolution
Parliament invites William and Mary to
become rulers, tell James II to leave
37. William of Orange and Mary
William was prince of the
Netherlands
Mary was James II oldest daughter
but was protestant
39. William and Mary agree to sign the
Bill of Rights (1688) limiting their
power and recognizing Parliament’s
supremacy
English Bill of Rights
English Bill of Rights- Parliament is superior to King
40. Reforms in the 20th Century
1911: Parliament’s House of Lords’
power is severely restricted;
House of Commons is now Supreme.
WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE:
1918: Women over 30 may vote
1928: Women Over 21 may vote
43. Limited Monarchy
1. The Prime Minister is
not directly elected -
s/he is the head of
the majority party in
the House of Com-
mons.
2. The Queen is only a
figurehead
(ceremonial)
