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Whittaker abs2012 odor_predictsrs
- 1. Songbird Odor Predicts Reproductive Success Danielle J. Whittaker Nicole M. Gerlach Ellen D. Ketterson BEACONAn NSF Center for the Study of Evolution in Action Photo by Marine Drouilly
- 2. Preen oil is an odor source Oil secreted from the uropygial gland contains volatile compounds that give birds an odor
- 3. Volatile compound concentration increases during breeding season 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Concentration Breeding Non-breeding Soini et al 2007, J. Chemical Whittaker et al 2011, J. Chemical -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 1 (n=50) 2 (n=28) 3 (n=27) 4 (n=27) Week (sample size) 1 (n=21) 2 (n=10) 3 (n=11) 4 (n=12) Week (sample size) Decanol Undecanol Dodecanol Tridecanol Tetradecanol Pentadecanol Hexadecanol -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 lnconcentration Undecanone Dodecanone Tridecanone Tetradecanone Pentadecanone -4 -3 -2 -1 0 Dodecanoic Acid Tetradecanoic Acid Hexadecanoic Acid Methyl Ketones Carboxylic Acids Linear Alcohols Males Females
- 4. Odor varies with sex and population MANOVA Sex p<0.001 Population p=0.022 Sex * Population p=0.03 Whittaker et al. 2010, Behavioral
- 5. Birds can detect and differentiate among odors Whittaker et al. 2011, Behavioral Ecology
- 7. Photo by Flickr user Enjoy Every San Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) Seasonal breeders Socially monogamous ~30% extra-pair fertilization (EPF) rate Females incubate eggs, both males and females feed nestlings
- 8. Field Methods Mountain Lake Biological Station, VA Summer 2008 Captured birds for measurements, bl ood samples, and preen oil Monitored nests Photo by Dustin Reichard
- 9. Photo by Dawn O’Neal Lab Methods Genotyped at 8 microsatellite loci to assess parentage Analyzed chemical composition of preen oil with GC-MS 15 volatile compounds
- 10. Photo by Flickr user wvsaww Relative proportions of volatile compounds Previous studies found relationships between relative proportions and sex, population differences More “male-like” and “female-like” blends due to different proportions
- 11. PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 1-Decanol 0.131 0.927 -0.078 -0.142 1-Undecanol 0.257 0.925 -0.081 -0.138 1-Dodecanol 0.63 0.663 -0.251 0.1 1-Tridecanol 0.805 0.123 0.115 0.015 1-Tetradecanol 0.663 -0.548 -0.292 -0.078 1-Pentadecanol 0.486 -0.402 0.425 -0.14 1-Hexadecanol 0.494 -0.801 0.016 -0.01 2-undecanone -0.043 -0.081 0.066 0.971 2-dodecanone -0.112 -0.075 0.156 0.96 2-tridecanone 0.147 0.009 0.89 0.284 2-tetradecanone -0.008 -0.016 0.727 0.618 2-pentadecanone 0.193 -0.162 0.935 -0.049 DodecanoicAcid -0.955 -0.05 -0.156 0.187 TetradecanoicAcid -0.98 -0.041 -0.147 0.029 HexadecanoicAcid -0.964 -0.036 -0.172 0.029 VARIANCE EXPLAINED 32.82 22.11 17.70 16.29 Principal Components Analysis: Relative Proportions
- 12. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 Numberofoffspringproduced PC3 (Relative Proportions) Female Odor and Reproductive Success Pearson’s correlation = -0.639, p = 0.019 n = 13
- 13. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 NumberofOffspringSurvivingtoFledging PC3 (Relative Proportions) Male Odor and Genetic Reproductive Success Pearson’s correlation = 0.572, p = 0.005 n=22
- 14. PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 1-Decanol 0.131 0.927 -0.078 -0.142 1-Undecanol 0.257 0.925 -0.081 -0.138 1-Dodecanol 0.63 0.663 -0.251 0.1 1-Tridecanol 0.805 0.123 0.115 0.015 1-Tetradecanol 0.663 -0.548 -0.292 -0.078 1-Pentadecanol 0.486 -0.402 0.425 -0.14 1-Hexadecanol 0.494 -0.801 0.016 -0.01 2-undecanone -0.043 -0.081 0.066 0.971 2-dodecanone -0.112 -0.075 0.156 0.96 2-tridecanone 0.147 0.009 0.89 0.284 2-tetradecanone -0.008 -0.016 0.727 0.618 2-pentadecanone 0.193 -0.162 0.935 -0.049 DodecanoicAcid -0.955 -0.05 -0.156 0.187 TetradecanoicAcid -0.98 -0.041 -0.147 0.029 HexadecanoicAcid -0.964 -0.036 -0.172 0.029 VARIANCE EXPLAINED 32.82 22.11 17.70 16.29 Principal Components Analysis: Relative Proportions
- 15. -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Male Female PC3Score Sex Volatiles contributing to PC3 are associated with sex differences. 2-tridecanone 2-tetradecanone 2-pentadecanone More “male-like” males have higher RS More “female-like” females have higher 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 PC3 (Relative Proportions) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 NumberofGeneticOffspring PC3 (Relative Proportions) * One-way ANOVA, p = 0.04
- 16. Photo by Flickr user wvsaww Absolute measurements of volatile compounds Concentrations change seasonally Total amount may convey information 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Concentration Breeding Non-breeding
- 17. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 NumberofSocialOffspringSurvivingtoFledging PC1 (Absolute Concentration) Male Odor and Apparent Reproductive Success Pearson’s correlation = 0.512, p = 0.015 n=22
- 18. Volatiles associated with RS in males (Absolute concentrations) PC1 1-Decanol 0.203 1-Undecanol 0.283 1-Dodecanol 0.486 1-Tridecanol 0.695 1-Tetradecanol 0.864 1-Pentadecanol 0.884 1-Hexadecanol 0.929 2-undecanone 0.08 2-dodecanone 0.085 2-tridecanone 0.675 2-tetradecanone 0.675 2-pentadecanone 0.815 Dodecanoic Acid -0.003 TetradecanoicAcid -0.034 HexadecanoicAcid 0.017 VARIANCE EXPLAINED 32.145 But what are these?! Associated with “maleness” – more “male-like,” more RS! Photo by Flickr user Super Ba
- 19. Pearson’s correlation = 0.558, p = 0.025 n=16 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 -2 -1 0 1 2 Numberextra-pairoffspringinnest PC3 (Absolute Concentration) -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 Male Female PC3(Absolute) Odor predicts paternity loss More “female-like” males lose more paternity * One-way ANOVA, p< 0.001 PC3 Dodecanoic Acid 0.911 Tetradecanoic Acid 0.952 Hexadecanoic Acid 0.928 VARIANCE EXPLAINED 19.699
- 20. Photo by Flickr user Dave W Conclusion s Odor is a strong predictor of RS in both males and females Females may evaluate potential social mates and EPF mates using different cues No other traits correlated
- 21. Acknowledgments Milos Novotny Helena Soini The Ketterson Lab and United Junco Workers National Science Foundation Indiana University Faculty Research Support Program Indiana Academy of Science American Philosophical Society BEACONAn NSF Center for the Study of Evolution in Action Photo by Marine Drouilly
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Pop-up PCA graph to reinforce the differences
- Have T graph pop up
- Were there other correlates (morph characteristics) associated with RS or loss of paternity? (eg tail white, size)Be careful about saying ‘Strong correlation’ – p value not that strong – say highly correlatedJust do Fledging day graphs for males – my awesome circles are confusing. For female, do day 6 and say that it suggests she can produce more offspring (eg is more fecund), not necessarily anything about her parenting ability