GIS combines maps with databases to allow users to analyze geographic information and relationships. It represents real world features as points, lines, and polygons on maps and can overlay multiple data layers. Attributes associated with each feature allow users to perform spatial analysis and answer questions about locations and relationships between different features. GIS is used in many fields including transportation, natural resources, city planning, public health, and more to help with tasks like emergency response, business planning, and environmental analysis.

1. Presented by
Wednesday, November 18, 2015

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3. GIS is:GIS is:
 Plus a Map
 A database

4. A Database: A Map:
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5. Most Databases
Contain spatial data
• Addresses
• Map Coordinates (Latitude, Longitude)

6. Spatial Data at the School
 Student Addresses - Where do
students live?
 What countries are students from?
 What is the best route to school?

7. Many Uses for GIS

8. Uses of GIS
• Transportation – road networks, planning, routing
• Natural Resources – animal tracking, habitat analysis
• Geology & Geophysics – geologic mapping, earthquake, volcano, other
hazards mapping, mining, oil and gas exploration
• Environment – land use, water quality modeling
• City Planning – road work planning, utility line routing
• Fire and police emergency response, communication, routing
• Business – where to locate stores, where are customers
• Military – targeting, best route, terrain analysis
• Disaster Planning and Response – identify flood zones, damaged
buildings
• Tourism – National Park maps, city maps, Metro map, etc.
• Epidemiology/Public Health – patterns in disease outbreaks

9. Uses of GIS
• Agriculture
• Archaeology
• Architecture and Landscape Architecture
• Defense
• Engineering
• Journalism
• Meteorology
• Oceanography
• Law Enforcement
• Urban/Regional Planning
• And much more

10. Geographic Analysis
∗ Helps answer questions such as:
∗ Where is it?
∗ What else is nearby?
∗ Where is the highest concentration of ‘X’?
∗ Where can I find things with characteristic ‘Y’?
∗ Where is the closest ‘Z’ to my location?
∗ How are different types of features related spatially
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11. Early Example: London cholera epidemic 1854
Cholera deathCholera death
Water pumpWater pump
SohoSoho
+
GIS analysis showed
that the disease
outbreak was clustered
around a specific water
supply pump.
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12. ∗ Roads
∗ Streams
∗ Land Surface Elevation
∗ Land Use
∗ Parcels
∗ Buildings
∗ Utilities - electric, gas, water, and sewer lines
∗ Events – crime, fire
Each Feature type is represented as a single layer in a map.
Map Features
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13. Features are Represented as Points, Lines, and
Polygons
Points - simplest element
Lines - set of connected points
Polygons - set of connected points that
closes on itself.
We use these three spatial elements to represent real world features and attach locational
information to them.
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14. Overlaying Data Layers
∗ In a GIS, each layer represents one
type of data.
∗ The layers are overlain on top of
each other and are geographically
aligned.
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15. Five Data Layers
“Alike” Features
StatesRoads
CapitalsRivers
Lakes
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16. Features and Attributes
Data or information
associated with a map
feature are called
ATTRIBUTES.
The values in the Identify
box at right are attributes of
the selected point.
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17. Spatial Analysis
∗ Simple Searches
∗ Select features by attributes
∗ Select features by location
∗ Buffering
∗ Proximity Analysis
∗ Network Analysis
∗ Surface Analysis
∗ Line of Site
∗ 3D Visualization
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18. Examples of GIS

19. Cross Country Movement
CCM (Cross Country Movement)
Analysis allows the user to model the
cost (e.g. time) it would take for a
given object to travel from point A to
Point B given the difficulty of the
terrain.
For example, if a tank had to travel
from point A to point B and you knew
how fast it could travel on certain road
types, soil types, and slopes, you could
model the travel cost.21

20. 3D Mine with Well Data
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21. Environmental Monitoring
Toxic Plume
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22. Site Location and Client Distance
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23. Gold Mines in Virginia
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24. Yellowstone Trip
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25. Fun Stuff
http
://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2012/treasure-hunt-cities
/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lziO1Ze7PuQ
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26. Careers in GIS
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27. Acknowledgements
∗ Esri
∗ Google
∗ Prof. Sumanta Das, Dept. of Civil Eng., MEFGI, Rajkot
∗ SlideShare
∗ University of Nebraska at Kearney
∗ The University of Texas at Dallas
∗ University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point
∗ Naval Post Graduate School
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28. Thank You!
1100 H Street NW, Suite 700
Historic Gas Light Building
Washington, DC 20005
info@newlighttechnologies.com
Website: http://www.newlighttechnologies.com/
Dan Sandhaus
dan.sandhaus@newlighttechnologies.com
Gus Viteri
CTO, Carlos Rosario School

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