2. 2
Definition – Literature review
Review is a formal assessment of something with the intention of instituting
change if necessary
Book Review is a critical appraisal of a book, play, film, etc. published in a
newspaper or magazine
A literature review is a collection of all scholarly writing on a topic”
A systematic method for identifying, evaluating and interpreting the work
produced by scholars, researchers and practitioners
Literature is about telling a story.. Kind of a chain story where each writer
starts with partial story created previously by others and expand on it.. the
existing literature is the story so far
Your own idea will connect to the knowledge developing network in the
field
3. 3
Focus on Previous research – Provide an overview and critical
appraisal of past and current thinking ideas, Policies and practices
How your study fills the gap – Provide a basis upon which to make
crucial decision regarding the direction of a research
The necessity and rationale of your study – Does it make sense? Why
it is important? How it is novel? Is it justiciable?
See boundaries of your study – determine the scope and specific
objective ( not the sky is the limit)
Four Reasons for Reviewing Literature
4. 4
❑ Distinguishing what has been done from what needs to be done
❑ Synthesizing and gaining a new perspective
❑ Identifying relationships between ideas and practice
❑ Establishing the context of the topic/problem
❑ Enhancing and acquiring the subject vocabulary
❑ Relating ideas & theory to applications
❑ Increase understanding of theoretical background
❑ Identifying the main technologies & research technique that have been used
❑ It will give you idea
❑ It may cause you to change your mind
❑ Develop/improve skill to source material
❑ To avoid duplication work
Other Reasons for Reviewing Literature
5. 5
“Output” purposes of the literature review
❑ Requirement of the PhD
▪ Versions required for interim stages of PhD
registration.
▪ Expected as a chapter in the submitted thesis
❑ You improve your skills as a researcher
❑ You gain subject expertise as your knowledge
grows through absorbing the work of others
❑ Collaboration with research community
through citations.
6. 6
Primary Literature
Primary sources means original studies, based on direct observation, use
of statistical records, interviews, or experimental methods, of actual
practices or the actual impact of practices or policies. Also
called empirical research.
Secondary Literature
Secondary literature consists of interpretations and evaluations that are
derived from or refer to the primary source literature.
Tertiary Literature
Tertiary literature consists of a distillation and collection of primary and
secondary sources
Types of Literatures
7. 7
Primary
Literature
Secondary
Literature
Tertiary
Literature
Original research
results in journals,
dissertations and
conference
proceedings
Review articles,
systematic reviews,
meta-analysis,
practice guideline
and monographs on
a specific subject
Textbooks,
encyclopedias,
handbooks,
newspapers
Elsevier, Springer PubMed, web of
science
Oxford handbooks,
Encyclopedia
Examples
8. 8
❑ Fix your topic - Filter by demographics, language, date range, type
of publication, geographic region, downloadable, authors nationals,
peer reviewed, lab facilities ( Testing’s), age group, citation, funding
❑ Search with proper keywords
❑ Start with recent published article and go back
❑ Do the same search process in various publications, indexes
❑ Check whether you have more literature for your study or change
the topic
Searching literatures
9. 9
❑ Keep your mind open to read
❑ Read, summarize or describe each article with types of analysis,
results.
❑ Strength and weakness of each research work
❑ Choose a base paper
❑ extract the unique ideas/ concepts of the article relevant to topic
❑ Look for points of difference between the articles.
❑ Look for qualitative/ quantitative method
❑ The notes of each article/book/ thesis ensure all details in it, not to
go through again
❑ Color highlights
Reading literatures
11. 11
Planning for Literature Review
❑ Define the topic
❑ Think about the scope
❑ Think about the outcomes
❑ Think about the management
❑ Plan sources to be searched
12. 12
Structure for Literature Review article
Should conform to the anatomy of a typical scholarly article
❑ Abstract
❑ Introduction
❑ Methods
❑ Results
❑ Discussion
❑ Conclusion
❑ References
13. 13
Structure for Literature Review article
Introduction
Gives a quick idea of the topic of the literature review, such as the
central theme or organizational pattern.
Body
Contains your discussion of sources.
Conclusions/Recommendations
Discuss what you have drawn from reviewing literature so far. Where
might the discussion proceed?
14. 14
Link between Literature studies
Agreements
❑ • Similarly, author B points to…
❑ • Likewise, author C makes the case that…
❑ • Author D also makes this point…
❑ • Again, it is possible to see how author E agrees with author D…
Disagreements
❑ • However, author B points to…
❑ • On the other hand, author C makes the case that…
❑ • Conversely, Author D argues…
❑ • Nevertheless, what author E suggests…
15. 15
Thematic
How to Write Literature Review
Chronological
You can write your literature review using one of the following
approaches
18. 18
Google – Google Scholar
Search Via Scopus/Web of Science
Mendeley
Crossref metadata
Scoping
19. 19
Screening literatures
❑ Search relevant title
❑ Read the title
❑ Check the years
❑ Copy references in a text with APA format - 60 articles
minimum to maximum 180 articles
❑ Copy it in a text file only references
22. 22
Download
❑ Download all the articles using Sci-Hub, Research gate
❑ Libgen - http://gen.lib.rus.ec/scimag/index.php?s
❑ All articles must be in single folder
❑ Open each article – Copy and paste the abstract and conclusion
below each reference
28. 28
❑ Discussed
❑ Studied by yoshida et al
❑ Presented
❑ Investigated
❑ Conducted an experimental
❑ Carried out real-time
❑ Developed
❑ Proposed
Reporting words
❑ Conducted
❑ Expressed in
❑ Examined
❑ Pointed out
❑ Reported that
❑ Compared
❑ Viewed
❑ Demonstrated
❑ Emphasized
❑ Discussed
❑ Obtained
❑ Suggested
❑ Concluded
❑ Reported
❑ Applied
❑ Managed
29. 29
Check List
Choose the right topic - The topic must be interesting to you; it should also be
well-defined and important to the field.
Check the literature you have chosen -Monitor the papers you have chosen to
review, make changes to your bibliography, if required; prepare a complete
reference list.
Take notes while reading - Write interesting bits of information or ideas as you
read so that you don’t miss important points when writing the review.
Decide the format of your review - Decide whether you should use a thematic or
chronological approach, based on the amount and type of material you have.
Keep the focus specific and interest general - While you focus on a specific topic,
make sure your review is also relevant to a broader audience who may want to
know more about the field
30. 30
Check List
Analyze critically, don’t summarize - Cover the main findings in the reviewed field,
include topics that are most debated, add your own thoughts instead of reporting
what has been said
Get the structure right - Use a flowchart to map the flow of ideas in your literature
review, and ensure that readers get a critical overview of research in the field.
Rely on feedback - Seek feedback from colleagues and peers, and get more
perspectives from senior colleagues before submitting your literature review for
publication.
Be objective - Avoid sounding as though you are overly critical or in favor of previous
research; objectively present the strengths and weaknesses of previous studies.
Include older studies - It is not necessary to only include the latest studies in your
review; include older papers that made a high impact or that discussed the topic you
are interested in.
31. 31
❑ Advancement in energy harvesting magneto-rheological fluid damper:
A review
❑ Magnetorheological fluid dampers: a review of parametric modelling
❑ A review on the magnetorheological fluid, damper and its applications for
seismic mitigation
❑ A review of the state of the art in magnetorheological fluid technologies-
Part I: MR fluid and MR fluid models
❑ A state of art on magneto-rheological materials and their potential
applications
❑ State-of-the-art of semi active control systems using MR fluid dampers in
civil engineering applications
❑ Recent patterns and trends in sustainable concrete research in India:
A five-year Scientometric review
Title
