Climate change impact on ecology and economy

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Welcome

2. Climate Change : Impact on Ecology and
Economy
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3. Sequence of seminar
A snapshot of climate system
Climate and climate change
Climate change in developed and developing
countries
Factors responsible for climate change
Impact of climate change on different sectors
Adaptation and mitigation strategies
Current events
Conclusion
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5. What is climate ???
• Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular
area
• It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in
temperature, humidity, pressure, wind, precipitation and
other meteorological variables in a given region over long
periods of time
• Climate is different from weather. weather only
describes the short-term conditions of these variables in a
given region
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6. “A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g.,
using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or variability of
its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically
decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time,
whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.”
-IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change)
“A change that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity
that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and that is in
addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable
time periods”
-UNFCCC ( The United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change)
Climate change
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7. Climate change in developed countries
 Climate change will have some positive
effects for a few developed countries
for moderate amounts of warming
 Climate Costs of extreme weather alone
could reach 0.5 – 1 per cent of world
GDP
 2°C rise in global temperatures may
lead to a 20 per cent reduction in water
availability and crop yields in Southern
Europe
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In USA GDP declines by
1 per cent when global
temperatures exceed by
3°C

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9. CLIMATE CHANGE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
• Poor and developing countries are
mostly affected by climate change
• In developing countries like India,
climate change is an additional burden
because ecological and socioeconomic
systems are already facing pressures
from rapid population industrialization
and economic development
• Developing countries will be
particularly badly hit for the reasons:
–
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-Stronger dependence on
agriculture
– Resource scarcity: Fewer
resources associated with
greater vulnerability

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Source : www.climateeye.com, 2014

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12. Factors responsible for Climate change
.
.
.
.
.
Greenhouse Gases
Deforestation
Land use change
Energy usage
vehicular usage
Climate change
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13. Green house gases
• Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) are gases in the atmosphere that absorb and
emit radiation within the thermal infrared range
• Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture have increased by
approximately 17 per cent since 1990
• CO2 is the most important anthropogenic GHG as it constitutes about 70
per cent of the total emissions
• The per-capita emission of an Indian citizen is 1.2 tonnes of Carbon
dioxide where as in US with 20.6 tonnes
• The green house gases have a drastic effect on temperature , human
health , biodiversity loss etc
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14. GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION
(2015)
25%
15%
10%
7%
5%
3%
2%
2%
2%
2%
27%
CHINA
AMERICA
EUROPE
INDIA
RUSSIA
JAPAN
BRAZIL
INDONESIA
MEXICO
IRAN
OTHERS
Source: Vijayavani daily Newspaper
28/11/2015
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15. DEFORESTATION
• National Action Plan
on Climate Change
(NAPCC) estimates
that 68% of the forest
areas in India are
likely to experience
shift in forest types by
the end of the 21st
century, which needs
our immediate
attention
39%
8%
6%
3%
2%
2%
40%
SHARE OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
Brazil
Indonesia
Paraguay
Malaysia
India
DR Congo
others
SOURCE: FAO 2012
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17. Source: IPCC 2013
Contribution of different sectors in world to climate change
(Through Greenhouse Gas emissions)
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18. Industrial
processes
8%
Wastes
2%
Land use
changes
1%
Agriculture
28%
Energy
61%
Contribution of different sectors in India to climate change
(through greenhouse gas emissions in India)
Fossil fuel used in agriculture considered in energy sector
Source: IPCC 2013
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19. Rice cultivation
23%
Manure
management
5%
Emission from
soils
12%
Enteric
fermentation
59%
Crop residues
1%
Sectors of agriculture in India contributing to climate change
Source: IPCC 2013 19

20. Impact of climate change on different sectors
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21. Impact of climate change on agriculture
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22. • Rise in temperatures likely to affect crops differently from region
to region
• India is a predominantly agriculture-oriented economy, as around
50 per cent of the population directly depends on agriculture
either as farmers or agricultural laborers
• Food production in India is sensitive to climate change like
variations in temperature and monsoon
• It is predicted that a loss of 10 to 40 per cent in production may
occur by 2100 in India due to climate change (NAPCC)
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23. Impacts of climate change on agriculture
Crop yield
Soil
fertility
Diseases
and insect
pest
Cropping
pattern
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25. Impact of climate change on forest
• The direct physical effects on
forests caused by climate
change, such as droughts,
storms fires and insect
infestations, could also hurt
the productivity of managed
forests
• Both the supply of and
demand for forests products
will be affected by climate
change .
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26. • Climate change – could lead to a massive destruction of forests,
for example, modeling focusing on the Amazon region has
indicated that 43 per cent of 193 representative plant species
could become nonviable by the year 2095 due to the fact that
changes in climate
(Miles et al. 2004)
• A study on various forest conditions in Russia suggests that a 2°C
rise in temperature could increase the area affected by forest
fires
(Mollicone et al.2006)
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27. Deforestation hot spots
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28. Impact on biodiversity
• The distribution and population of many species will change
due to the adverse effect of climate change.
• For example, western Indian coastline, tropical ecosystems and
species such as mangroves and coral reefs are threatened by
changes in temperature, rising sea levels and increased
concentration of CO2
• "In the next 50 years, the central Arctic is going to be warmed
by approximately 3-4 degrees C"
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30. Wildlife population decline between
1970 and 2013
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SOURCE: World wide fund for nature (WWF), 2013

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Source : kirkup, 2012

32. IMPACT ON WATER
RESOURCES
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33. • At present a whopping 1.1 billion people around the world lack
access to water
• By 2025, 40 per cent of the world’s population may be living in
countries experiencing water stress or chronic water scarcity
• India accounts for about 17.5 per cent of the world’s population
but has roughly 4 per cent of the total available fresh water
resources
• Per capita water availability in India in 2001 was 1820
m3/person/year which is projected to go down to 1341 and 1140
m3/person/year by the years 2025 and 2050 respectively
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34. Population facing water scarcity will more
than double over the next 30 years

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36. Impact of climate change on GDP
• http://web.stanford.edu/~mburke/climate/ma
p.php
• India risks loss of 8.7% of GDP by 2100 on climate
change – says ADB ( Asian Development Bank)
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37. Impact of climate change on Agribusiness
• Climate change Itself is a global problem requiring a
global solution
• As agriculture is directly dependent on the climate so as
the Agribusiness
• Agribusiness sector is most sensitive to the climate
conditions
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38. Business leaders believe Climate action is urgent
priority
Source: Climate change is opportunity for growth & innovation,
consultancy.uk 25/11/2015
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A Case study of Starbuks

40. Strategies adopted
• Direct collaboration with coffee
growers
Sustainable
Supply
Chain
• The company buys coffee well in
advance
Sourcing
Strategy
• Acquired “ Evolution Fresh”—a
California‐based fruit juice company
Diversification
Plan
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41. Are we ready??
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44. Adaptation strategies introduced by IPCC
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45. How to cut down emissions?
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The British Petroleum suggests different options to cut down the
emission of CO2 by 110 million tonnes.

46. The United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
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47. Carbon Trading
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Carbon Trading is a scheme where firms (or
countries) buy and sell carbon permits as part
of a programme to reduce carbon emissions.

48. Facts
• Last August was planet Earth's hottest month for at least
135 years, according to US scientists
• Worldwide, between 2003 and 2013 - the period analyzed
in the study - the average annual number of disasters
caused by all types of natural hazards, including climate-
related events, almost doubled since the 1980s.
• The total economic damage caused is estimated at $1.5
trillion
-FAO, 26 November 2015, Rome
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49. Floods
1. November 2015 South
Indian floods
• Location : Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh and
Puducherry
• Deaths : Tamil Nadu:122
, Andhra Pradesh:35
Puducherry:2
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•Property damage : Tamil Nadu:
₹8481 crore (US$1 billion) ,
Andhra Pradesh: ₹3000 crore
(US$453 million)

50. CONCLUSION
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51. THANK YOU
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