This document provides an overview of bioluminescence, including why it occurs in nature, how the process works, and opportunities for applications. It discusses current research in using bioluminescence for lighting, biomedical imaging, and the food industry. For lighting, concepts are exploring using bioluminescent bacteria or genetically modified plants as a sustainable light source. In biomedical imaging, bioluminescence could provide a lower-cost alternative to technologies like MRI. And in food, bioluminescence offers a rapid method to detect contamination compared to traditional culture-based techniques. The document outlines several entrepreneurial opportunities and factors for commercializing bioluminescence technologies.
14. ParallelStreamsofResearch
CAN be Engineered
Synthetic Biology
Bioluminescent bacteria
Development of synthetic Luciferin
Vibrio Fischeri animation
CANNOT be Engineered
Focus on optimizing growth conditions
Study on lighting patterns to improve collective flashing
Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates
14
16. LightingIndustry
Lighting consumes a substantial amount of electricity
16
Source: Lighting the way: perspectives on global lighting market 2012, Mckinsey study
18. Creates light by heating the filament
Highly inefficient! 90% of energy is wasted to heat &
UV
Adverse impact on environment- 69% of the energy
used in coal, natural gas and nuclear power generation
never does useful work as electricity
Short lifespan- 1000 to 1500 hours
Susceptibility to shocks and vibrations
Problemswith Incandescence
Incandescence is “Hot light” or black body radiation
18
19. Bioluminescenceassolution..
Why is Bioluminescence special?
Cold light
Mostefficientof allthesourcesoflights.~98%efficiency
Asculturedatmicro-organiclevel,immuneto externalimpacts
No environmentalimpact
Oncegeneticallyre-engineered,unlimited source
“Growyourownlight“
19
30. InVivoImaging
70% 36% 32% 25% 18%
Oncology/Cancer Inflammatory
Diseases
Neurology Cardiovascular Drug Metabolism
Studies
What is InVivo Imaging ?
A noninvasiveinsightintolivingorganisms Understand
diseaserelatedchangesinthebody
Detection of key Diseases
OtherApplication
68% 59% 49% 41% 24%
Monitoring Biodistribution Cancer cell Biomarkets Structural Imaging
Treatment ResponseSource : Drug Discovery World S
d
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e
m
t
e
m
c
e
t
i
r
o
2
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0
1
1
,
In vivo preclinical imaging Layout 1 23/06/2011
14:05 Page 59
32. Bacteria Cell
Transgene
Bioluminescent Cell /
Receptor Gene
BLI- Concept
4
Inject, Infect,Implant ImageAcquisition DataAnalytics
1
Virus Cell
1 2 3
Bacterial Cells,Viral agents or genes can be bioluminescentlabeled
2 Labeled cell or gene is implanted into a mouse, Cells are allowed to multiply
3 Mouse is placed highly sensitive C C D camera enclosure to obtain a 3D image
4 Spectral analysis is used to see the progress of the malignant cells
Source : A New Diagnostic System in Cancer Research: Bioluminescent Imaging (BLI)*, Z., Ralph MASON, Peter ANTICH,
33. BLI- Concept
Growth of cancer cell over 4 weeks can be observed
Source : A New Diagnostic System in Cancer Research: Bioluminescent Imaging (BLI)*, Z., Ralph MASON, Peter ANTICH,
Edmond RICHER, Woodring E. WRIGHT
34. PETvs.MRIvs.BLI
Equipment Costs
Mouse Preparation
Time
Scanning Time
Total Time for
1 animal
Data Analysis
Total Time for
10 animal
>600 K USD 1-2 million USD <500 K USD
1hr 30 min 30 min 20 min
15min / 3D Scan 30 min / 2D Scan 1s – 2min
Experts Required Experts Required Straight Forward
1 hr 1hr 30min 20min
>600 K USD 1-2 million USD <500 K USD
Data Analysis Time
>600 K USD 1-2 million USD <500 K USD
PET MRI BLI
Source : A Comparison of Imaging Techniques to Monitor Tumor Growth and Cancer Progression in Living Animals, Anne-
Laure Puaux,Lai Chun Ong,Yi Jin,Irvin Teh,Michelle Hong,Pierce K. H. Chow, Xavier Golay
38. 39
Bioluminescence Why does Bioluminescenceoccur?
How it Happens ?
BioluminescenceVs. FluorescenceVs.
Incandescence
Opportunities Lighting
Biomedical Imaging
Food Industry
Inferences and
Conclusion
Commercialization
Entrepreneurial Opportunities
Technology Convergence
Conclusion
Outline
39. Food Industry
• Current food regulations
FooddevelopmentandAuthority
HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control
Points)
Principle4– Establishmonitoringprocedures
When and which food should undergo
microbiological test
Food travels longer distancestoday
A study by the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture in
TheUSAshoweda22%increaseinthe averagedistancetravelled
by food products (arriving in Chicago) by truck in the past 2
decades.
Source:1) http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/HACCP/HACCPPrinciplesApplicationGuidelines/default.htm
2) http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/ data/assets/pdf_file/0003/39927/food_miles.pdf
42. Existingmethodsfor detectionof food
contamination- Limitations
Expensivelaboratoryequipment.
Longwaitinvolved,anywherebetween24-48hours.Incasesoffermentedfoods (suchassoysauce)
thisperiodcouldextendupto 7days.Thisincreases thestorage timebeforefreshfoodcanreachthe
market,andmayactuallydecreasethequality ofthefoodduringthewaiting period.
T
ediousandlaborintensive.Theenumerationofcoloniesisperformedusingan illuminatedcolony
counter. There is also aminimumrequirement of 30colonies (maximumto not exceed 300) for
accurateresults.
Results unnecessarilyelaborateincaseswhereresultsarerequiredto only
immediatelyconfirmiffoodisfitfor consumption.
Requirementofspecializedtransportation.
Source : 1) ATP bioluminescence rapid detectionof total viable count in soy sauce,
Luminescence, The Journal of Biological and ChemicalLuminescence,14-Jun-11
2) Food Microbiology and Hygiene, By P. R. Hayes & Richard Hayes, page 189
50. Bioluminescence Why does Bioluminescenceoccur?
How it Happens ?
BioluminescenceVs. FluorescenceVs.
Incandescence
Opportunities Lighting
Inferences and
Conclusion
Biomedical Imaging
Food Industry
Commercialization
Entrepreneurial Opportunities
Technology Convergence
Conclusion
Outline
51
51. InterestingOpportunities
Plants andTrees
Whencropsneedwateror
nutrients,they'llbe ableto
tell farmers. Plants could
even go to red, yellow or green
"alert"to givefarmers earlywarning
aboutdisease
and invasions by harvest-
destroyingpests.
SmartCrops StreetlightsInto Tree-
lights
Replace electricity-draining
conventional streetlights,lit- up
road signs and interior
lighting. the trees would
com
e "on" at night and go
"off"duringtheday
.Thetrees would
need only air, water, and soil
nutrients to maintain their urban
lightingduties.
Military
Biodegradablelandingzonemarkers
Bioluminescent"friendvs.foe"identificationmarkersandsecurity
systems
LandingLights
52
54. FoodContamination- Opportunity
Legend
NationalFood Center
WHO CollaboratingT
estingCenter
LocatednearOceanic
Areas
Costinvolvedinconventionaltestingis high
Timetakenfor theresultsis more
AdvantageofBioluminescentFood
contaminationtesting
Quicker
Cheaper
Easeofuseofinstrument
Insitu– Labtosample
55
55. IdentifyingOpportunity
Lighting Foodcontamination BLI- Imaging
Base / Environment to enable Bioluminescent
Luciferase Enzyme is the base across all three applications
Typically any bacteria can be genetically modified to produce Luciferin
An appropriate platform for the sustainable culturing of
Bioluminescent organisms presents a new horizon
56
56. LargeScaleProductionSetup
Production
center for
Luciferase
Enzyme
• CanbelocatednearareaslikeFood
contaminationtestcentres/ Requirement
for Bioluminescent basedlighting
• Canbeusedto make
Bioluminescentbasedlighting.
• Canemploy“Madeto order”lights
/ artisticpets/ walldesign/ Bill
boardsandBiosensors
Research
Development
Commercialization
57
• Can be located near areas like
Food contamination test
centres / Requirement for
Bioluminescent based lighting
• Can be used to make Bioluminescent
based lighting.
• Can employ “Made to order” lights
• / artistic pets / wall design / Bill boards
and Biosensors
• Can extract the enzyme on a large
scale.
• Production of synthetic Luciferin
