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1. HIGH RISK SPORT AND
SOCIETY HEALTH AND
SAFETY SESSION

2. OUTLINE
 Risk Management
 What is Risk
 Aspects of risk
 Assessment of risk
 How you should manage risk

3. WHAT IS RISK MANAGEMENT/RISK
AWARENESS?
Looking after yourself?
Looking after others?
Keeping safe?

4. ASPECTS OF RISK/ EFFECTIVE
RISK MANAGEMENT
An effective risk management plan should identify and assess
the widest possible range of risks in organisational settings.
In a sport setting, the goals of such a plan would be to resolve
the levels of risk, address the safety controls that should be
applied to reduce risk, and determine whether the risk is at an
acceptable level without interfering with the enjoyment of the
activity
(Miller 2006)

5. EXAMPLES OF RISK MANAGEMENT
 What measures have people taken to make their sport/society
safe?

6. Hazard =
Risk =
“A hazard is anything that may cause harm,
e.g. chemicals, electricity, working from
ladders, noise etc.”
“Risk is the chance, high or low, of somebody
being harmed by the hazard, and how serious
the harm could be.”
(HSE http://www.hse.gov.uk/risk/controlling-risks.htm) 2017
BREAKDOWN

7. TYPES OF RISK
 Perceived/actual risk
 Mechanical - Any moving equipment or machinery
 Examples – Mountain Bike, Kayak, Sailing Boat, Ropes
 Physical – Slips,Trips and Falls
 Tripping over a tree root, Falling from a rock face, Burn from a camp stove
 Chemical - Liquids/solids gases that can be harmful when touched or inhaled
 Lubricants, cleaning products, methylated spirits/fuel for camping stove
 Environmental -The weather and terrain
 Extreme heat, Flash Flooding,Avalanches
 Biological - Any bacteria or micro organism that might cause infection
 Polluted water, Weils Disease, BGA, E.coli, Enterio Cocci, PH, Faecal Coliforms…….
 Organisational - Poor leadership skills
 Challenging/Pushing group too far, Rushed Activity, Lack of or damaged equipment (PPE)

8. ASPECTS OF RISK
 Risk equation
 Perceived and Actual risk
 Objective and Subjective risk
 Physical and Psychological risk
 Risks to whom?
 Risk of what?

9. RISK EQUATION/RATING
Risk = Likelihood x Severity
Crude example
Rock climbing is low chance but high severity
Risk = 1 x 10 = 10
Scrambling is higher chance but lower in severity
Risk = 6 x 4 = 24

10. RISK SPECTRUM
Barton (2007)

11. PERCEIVED AND ACTUAL RISK
 Perceived risk is how the risk involved in an activity is felt
by the person doing the activity.
 Actual risk is the risk that is present in reality.

12. OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE
RISK
 Objective risk is the actual losses for a sample in a given
period.
 Subjective risk is what an individual perceives to be a
possible unwanted event (changing behaviour).

13. PHYSICAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK
 Physical risk is the ability to ascertain visual signals within
a scenario and be able to dynamically assess the situation
in terms of reducing the potential exposure to that
oncoming hazard.
 Psychological risk is the likelihood that a negative scenario
will create an lasting behavioural, mental and emotional
response.

14. RISKS TO WHOM
 Students (You)
 Committee Members (lone working etc.)
 Club Members
 Members of the public
 External professionals

15. RISK OF WHAT
 Injury
 Discomfort
 Humiliation
 Fines
 Prison

16. THE HUMAN COST
Total deaths per year for all ages
 130,000 All cancers
 120,000 All heart attacks
 100,000 All smoking related illnesses
 30,000 Obesity and unfitness
 20,000 All alcohol related illnesses
 10,000 All accidents
 6,000 Suicide
 4,000 Accidents in the home
 350 Accidents at work
 3,500 RoadTraffic Accidents
 6 Rail crashes or derailments
 150 Adventure activity accidents

17. ..AND FOR OUR 13 MILLION YOUNG
PEOPLE
In total 1,400 sudden or accidental deaths per year
 450 RoadTraffic Accidents
 400 Undiagnosed heart disease
 140 Suffocation
 125 Poisoning
 100 Suicide
 90 Drowning
 80 Fire
 65 Falls
 50 Murder
 3 School visits
 1 School adventure activities

18. TYPES OF RISK ASSESSMENT
 Generic: A general RA where the hazards and
control measures are relevant to all or the majority
of persons carrying out or involved in an activity.
 Individual: A RA which takes in additional hazards
etc which are only relevant to an individual
involved in that task. This may be a staff member
or service user.
 Specific: A RA which deals with a one-off or rare
activity or event.
 Dynamic: Ongoing, continuous - requires level of
change due to effecting factors.

19. 5 STEP RISK ASSESSMENT
1. What are the hazards?
2. Who might be harmed?
3. What are the current control methods?
4. What further control methods are required?
5. Review the assessment regularly.
http://www.rospa.com/rospaweb/docs/campaigns-
fundraising/hse-five-steps-to-risk-assessment.pdf

20. WHATTHE HSE SAY!!
 How to assess the risks
 Identify the hazards
 Decide who might be harmed and how
 Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions
 Record your significant findings
 Review your assessment and update if necessary
http://www.hse.gov.uk/risk/controlling-risks.htm

21. THINGS TO CONSIDER WITHIN
THESE STEPS…
 Activity
 Environment
 Equipment
 Group
 Individual

22. WHO SHOULD ASSESS RISK
 Teams rather than individuals
 Person being assessed (if appropriate)
 People with relevant knowledge or expertise

23. ASSESSMENT OF RISK
Purpose to highlight, minimise and manage potential areas of
risk - not a tool to prohibit activities taking place.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pUbns/indg163.pdf

24. QUESTION
Who is overall responsible for safety
within your club/society? Are they
competent?

25. HOW CAN YOU MANAGE RISKY
ACTIVITY?- CONSIDERATIONS
 Mark of best practice: HSE/EHO/NGBs/BAPA/AALS
/Technical Advisor
 Equipment – Storage, Sign Outs, Logs, Inspections,
Competency (Kit Sec), Maintenance, Decommissioning
Process
 Personal/Group Leader Competence - (NGB where
applicable) – copies of certs, minimum FA, DBS (U18s)
 Governing Body Compliance – Signs offs where
appropriate
 Risk Management – Risk Assessments, Induction
Guidelines, SOPs, EAPs – contact UW, security, make
arrangements (reviewed 12month min)
 Committee Handover – Information, logs, central system

26. INSURANCE IMPLICATIONS
What will happen?
In the event of any accident your risk management plan
should kick in to action; all of the information should be
written down so that all club/society members can have
access to this, and should be aware of rules, expectations
and operations outside of remit.

27. SU POLICY AND PROCEDURE
• Risk Assessment Guide
• Blank Risk Assessment Form

28. REFERENCES
 Miller, J. (2006) Safety and Risk Management, Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. [Online] 82 (6), 3-6. Available from:
http://www.tandfonline.com.proxy.worc.ac.uk/doi/pdf/10.1080/07303084.2011.10598632. [Accessed 18th February 2015]
 Health and Safety Executive. (2015) What is a risk? Available from: http://www.hse.gov.uk/risk/faq.htm [Accessed 18th February 2015].
 Barton, B. (2007) Safety, risk and adventure in Outdoor Education. London. Ebook. Available from: https://capitadiscovery.co.uk/worc-ac/items/162559.
[Accessed 11.2.15].
 Dickson, T., Chapman, J. & Hurrell, M. (2000) Risk in Outdoor Activities: The Perception, the Appeal, the Reality. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education.
[Online] 4 (2). Available from: https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-1229136821/risk-in-outdoor-activities-the-perception-the-appeal [Accessed
10.2.14].
 Gill, T. (2010) Nothing ventured nothing gained. Balancing Risks and benefits in the Outdoors. [online]. Available from:
http://www.englishoutdoorcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/Nothing-Ventured.pdf [Accessed 03.10.15].
 Little, H. & Wyver, S. (2008) Outdoor Play. Does avoiding the risk reduce the benefit? Australian Journal of Early Childhood. [Online] 33 (2), Available from:
https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-181673299/outdoor-play-does-avoiding-the-risk-reduce-the-benefits [Accessed 10.2.15].