60 years of Kariba Dam: implications for downstream water quality
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Presentation held at the 12th Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) PhD congress on 26 April 2019. The IBP PhD congress is a unique platform for doctoral students of our institute to present and share their research work, to build network, and to interact among each other outside the normal day-to-day environment.
![A Decision-Analytic Framework to explore the water-
energy-food NExus in complex and transboundary water
resources systems of fast growing developing countries
[https://dafne.ethz.ch/]
Introduction
2](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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60 years of Kariba Dam: implications for downstream water quality
- 1. 60 years of Kariba Dam: implications for downstream water quality IBP PhD Congress, 26/4/2019 Picture: Simon Spratley, ATEC3D Elisa Calamita, Martin Schmid, Bernhard Wehrli
- 2. A Decision-Analytic Framework to explore the water- energy-food NExus in complex and transboundary water resources systems of fast growing developing countries [https://dafne.ethz.ch/] Introduction 2
- 3. 3 [United Nations, 2017; Poff & Schmidt, 2016; Wilcox and Asbjornsen, 2018; Moran et al., 2018; Best, 2019] population time40% of world’s population Low latitudes… ~3700 dams proposed
- 4. [Winton, Calamita, Wehrli (2019)] 4 How are dams changing water quality at low latitudes?
- 5. 5 Water supply Food security Economic value Tourist attraction Water quality • ecological functioning • biodiversity • fish communities T DO [Caissie 2006; Arvola et al, 2010; Danladi Bello et al., 2017]
- 6. [The World Bank, 2010; esa.un.org; SADC 2012] • Transboundary • Population • Water-energy-food security Zambezi River Basin only 23 % of its hydropower potential is being exploited
- 7. 7 Lake Kariba • world largest artificial lake by volume • volume = 150 km3 • hydropower reservoir (1958) • max depth = 97 m • monomictic lake • 4 sub-basins [https://thetruesize.com]
- 8. Spatial heterogeneity 8 inflow outflow [Calamita et al. Under review]
- 9. Lake Kariba – basin IV 9 inflow Unified database • Vertical profiles of water temperature and dissolved oxygen • Coverage of 23 years outflow [Calamita et al. Under review]
- 10. Frequency maps 10 [Calamita et al. Under review]
- 11. T , O2 , N , P … 11 water intake Zambia water intake Zimbabwe Lake Kariba – basin IV: a transboundary problem… 459 m a.s.l. 460 m a.s.l. 447 m a.s.l. 457 m a.s.l. spilling gates
- 12. Zambia Zimbabwe 1 Zimbabwe 2 Spilling gates 12 [Hipsey et al., 2014] Lake modelling
- 13. 13 weighted average with discharge measurements model Zambia Zimbabwe 1 Zimbabwe 2 Spilling gates
- 14. 14 Scenarios analysis Max hydropower Min irrigation deficit Min delta deficit Trade-off Baseline • Multi-objective optimization • Simultaneous operation policies • Scenarios 1986-2005 In collaboration with: • Federica Bertoni • Andrea Castelletti Optimization targets:
- 15. Summary Stratification dynamics of Lake Kariba leads to alterations of the thermal and oxygen regime of the Zambezi River. Transboundary operation policies directly affect the downstream water quality. Workflow to assess the impact of dam operation on downstream water quality. Outlook: downstream travelling of thermo (-oxy) signals…
- 16. Thank you! Elisa Calamita elisa.calamita@usys.ethz.ch With thanks to Collaborators: Cristian Teodoru Scott Winton Davide Vanzo Patrick Katriner