LIFE - 1/27/2010 - Are We Alone?
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Lecture presentation from Daniel Kainer, Biology Professor, Lone Star College-Montgomery
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LIFE - 1/27/2010 - Are We Alone?
- 1. Fermi’s Paradox – Where is Everybody?
- 2. 50 Solutions to a Paradox
- 4. 1 of only 4 forces in nature
- 5. Designed the world’s 1st nuclear reactor
- 6. Last great theoretical AND experimental physicist
- 7. Part of a team that identified the nuclear chain reaction underlying nuclear weapons
- 9. How many grains of sand are on the earth’s beaches?
- 10. How far can a crow fly?
- 11. How many molecules of air from Caesar’s last breath do you take in with each lungful of air?
- 12. How many piano tuners are there in Chicago?
- 14. With even ordinary rocket technology, a species could colonize the entire galaxy in ten million years. Why don’t we see them?
- 19. They exist but have not yet communicated
- 21. They are here: Solution #1 They are here and they call themselves Hungarians…
- 22. They are here: Solution #1 They are here and they call themselves Hungarians… Johnvon Neumann Edward Teller
- 23. They are here: Solution #2 They are here and are meddling in human affairs…
- 24. They are here: Solution #2 They are here and are meddling in human affairs… Most UFOs become IFOs – must they all be in order to “disprove” alien invasions?
- 25. They are here: Solution #3 They were here and left evidence of their presence…
- 26. They are here: Solution #3 They were here and left evidence of their presence… 2001 1976
- 27. They are here: Solution #3 They were here and left evidence of their presence… Erich von Daniken Tunguska, 1908
- 28. They are here: Solution #3 They were here and left evidence of their presence… NASA has already “parked” sattelites at some of these Lagrangian points L1 and L2. What about ET? Lagrangian Points
- 29. They are here: Solution #4 They exist and they are us – We are all aliens!
- 30. They are here: Solution #4 They exist and they are us – We are all aliens!
- 31. They are here: Solution #5 The Zoo Scenario…
- 32. They are here: Solution #5 The Zoo Scenario…
- 33. They are here: Solution #6 The Interdict Scenario…
- 34. They are here: Solution #6 The Interdict Scenario…
- 35. They are here: Solution #7 The Planetarium Hypothesis…
- 36. They are here: Solution #7 The Planetarium Hypothesis…
- 37. They exist but have not yet communicated
- 38. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #8 The Stars are Far Away…
- 39. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #8 The Stars are Far Away… Cosmic horizon = 10-12 billion light years Sloan Digital Sky Survey
- 42. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #8 The Stars are Far Away…
- 45. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #8 The Stars are Far Away… Exotic technologies:
- 46. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #9 They have not had time to reach us…
- 48. Colonization in ~60 million years
- 49. Diffusion process – colonization time would depend on population growth
- 50. Near zero: 13 billion years for galactic colonization
- 51. Does not account for speed of interstellar travel
- 54. Parent civilization exerts only weak control over its colonies
- 55. Civilizations can’t establish colonies on already colonized worlds
- 56. A given colony will have a certain probability of having a “colonization drive”Collectively, these assumptions produce apercolation problem
- 58. forest fires, disease, etc.
- 60. p>pc: earth is in a small void
- 61. Advantage: No motives are assumed
- 64. We are automatonsRonald Bracewell John von Neumann
- 66. Fermi might ask: “Where are the probes?”
- 67. Copying errors would lead to mutations; mutations to evolution
- 68. Different sources = different “species”
- 70. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #12 We are Solar Chauvinists… G2 O? Dyson Spheres
- 71. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #13 They Stay at Home…
- 73. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #14 …and Surf the Net
- 75. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #15 They are signaling but we don’t know how to listen… SETI: radio, visible Dyson Spheres: infrared
- 76. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #15 They are signaling but we don’t know how to listen… Tachyons: There was a young lady named Bright, Whose speed was far faster than light. She went out one day, In a relative way, And returned the previous night! -Reginald Buller
- 77. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #16 They are signaling but we do not know at which frequency to listen…
- 78. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #16 They are signaling but we do not know at which frequency to listen… Even with billions of channels, there is still nothing on! H: 1.42 GHz OH: 1.64 GHz Other logicalspots?
- 79. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #17 Our search strategy is wrong…
- 82. Optical SETI
- 85. Gamma ray bursters: Cataclysmic fireball or ET chatter?
- 87. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #19 We have not listened long enough… SETI:Billions of stars, billions of frequencies, and billions ofyears: trillions of possible combinations!
- 88. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #20 Everyone is listening; No one is transmitting…
- 89. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #20 Everyone is listening; No one is transmitting…
- 91. Same signal to be detected by an Arecibo-type dish on opposite side of Milky Way could be sent by the Arecibo telescope – but with an extremely narrow band
- 92. Lasers? Brief pulses can be billions of times brighter than a star.
- 93. Where would we point the dish or laser?
- 95. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #21 Berserkers… The ultimate deterrent?
- 97. Could von Neumann probes have mutated?
- 101. Lack of curiosity?
- 102. “Surfing the Net” is better
- 103. Uninterested in “backwards” civilizations like ours?
- 104. Maybe in scientific matters, but what about others?
- 106. Like China under the Ming Dynasty?
- 109. Platonic ideal or human construct?
- 110. Can evolution dictate mathematics?
- 112. Discrete vs. continuous variables
- 113. Could other mathematics (if they exist) lead to the development of technology?
- 116. Waterhole; 2 X hydrogen; pi X hydrogen, etc.
- 117. Some signals would be easily discerned as artificial, others not
- 118. Even if we detected a signal, could we interpret it?
- 121. Many Worlds Interpretation of quantum mechanics
- 124. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #26 A choice of catastrophes… Gray Goo problem?
- 125. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #27 They hit the singularity…
- 127. Will superhuman AI be here by 2030?
- 128. Will Moore’s Law steadily decrease then in an “intelligence explosion?”
- 129. What need would our machines then have of us?
- 131. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #28 Cloudy skies are common… Venus Titan Europa
- 132. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #29 Infinitely many ETCs exist, but only one within our particle horizon (us!)…
- 133. They exist but have not communicated: Solution #29 Infinitely many ETCs exist, but only one within our particle horizon (us!)…
- 134. They do not exist
- 135. They don’t exist: Solution #30 The universe is here for us…
- 136. They don’t exist: Solution #30 The universe is here for us.
- 137. They don’t exist: Solution #31 Life can have emerged only recently…
- 138. They don’t exist: Solution #31 Life can have emerged only recently.
- 139. They don’t exist: Solution #32 Planetary systems are rare…
- 140. They don’t exist: Solution #32 Planetary systems are rare. Protoplanetary disk
- 141. They don’t exist: Solution #32 Planetary systems are rare.
- 142. They don’t exist: Solution #33 We are the first…
- 143. They don’t exist: Solution #33 We are the first…
- 144. They don’t exist: Solution #34 Rocky planets are rare…
- 145. They don’t exist: Solution #34 Rocky planets are rare…
- 146. They don’t exist: Solution #35 Continuously habitable zones are narrow…
- 149. Inner edge thought to be ~0.85-0.95 AU
- 150. Outer edge thought to be ~1.37-1.67 AU
- 152. Before you answer – check out these extremophiles!halophile Thermophiles in volcanic mudpot acidophile Deinococcus radiodurans can survive radiation levelsthousands of times higher than what would kill most organisms (including people) – panspermia candidate?
- 153. They don’t exist: Solution #35 Continuously habitable zones are narrow… Type of Star: O, B, A, F, G, K, M
- 154. They don’t exist: Solution #35 Continuously habitable zones are narrow… Galactic Habitable ZoneGalaxy Type irregular Intragalactic position: elliptical spiral
- 155. They don’t exist: Solution #36 Jupiters are rare…
- 156. They don’t exist: Solution #36 Jupiters are rare…
- 157. They don’t exist: Solution #36 Jupiters are rare… Comet Shoemaker-Levy Collision with Jupiter (1994)
- 158. They don’t exist: Solution #37 Earth has an optimal “pump of evolution”…
- 159. They don’t exist: Solution #37 Earth has an optimal “pump of evolution”…
- 160. They don’t exist: Solution #38 The galaxy is a dangerous place…
- 161. They don’t exist: Solution #38 The galaxy is a dangerous place… ? Supernova 1994I
- 162. They don’t exist: Solution #38 The galaxy is a dangerous place… Gamma ray burster
- 163. They don’t exist: Solution #39 A planetary system is a dangerous place…
- 164. They don’t exist: Solution #39 A planetary system is a dangerous place…
- 165. They don’t exist: Solution #39 A planetary system is a dangerous place…
- 166. They don’t exist: Solution #39 A planetary system is a dangerous place…
- 167. They don’t exist: Solution #40 Earth’s system of plate tectonics is unique…
- 168. They don’t exist: Solution #40 Earth’s system of plate tectonics is unique…
- 169. They don’t exist: Solution #41 The Moon is unique…
- 170. They don’t exist: Solution #41 The Moon is unique… Mars Uranus Saturn Jupiter Venus Earth
- 171. They don’t exist: Solution #42 Life’e genesis is rare…
- 172. They don’t exist: Solution #42 Life’e genesis is rare…
- 173. They don’t exist: Solution #43 The prokaryote-eukaryote transition is rare…
- 174. They don’t exist: Solution #43 The prokaryote-eukaryote transition is rare…
- 175. They don’t exist: Solution #44 Toolmaking species are rare…
- 176. They don’t exist: Solution #44 Toolmaking species are rare…
- 177. They don’t exist: Solution #45 Technological progress is not inevitable…
- 178. They don’t exist: Solution #45 Technological progress is not inevitable…
- 179. They don’t exist: Solution #46 Intelligence at the human level is rare…
- 180. They don’t exist: Solution #46 Intelligence at the human level is rare…
- 181. They don’t exist: Solution #47 Language is unique to humans…
- 182. They don’t exist: Solution #48 Science is not inevitable…
- 183. They don’t exist: Solution #49 We Are Alone
- 184. Is there anyone else out there asking the eternal question: “Are We Alone?”
- 185. © Daniel Kainer Lone Star College-Montgomery