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The Road to Democracy :
the Arab Region, Latin America and Eastern Europe
            Beirut Friday, 18th May 2012


   Tunisian Economy
   and the Challenges
of Democratic Transition
            Moez LABIDI
  University of Monastir - Tunisia
1 - Revolution outbreak main reasons

2 - Tunisian economy and the « revolution choc »

3 - The challenges of democratic transition in Tunisia

4 - Preliminary assessment of the Tunisian economic
situation
5 - Conclusion



                                                    2
1 - Revolution outbreak main reasons




                                       3
Technological


     Unemployment                                Goverment
       high levels                               corruption
Economical            Widespread of high tech             Political
         Regional                               Human rights
       inequalities                               violation




                                                                 4
Technological


     Unemployment                   Goverment
       high levels                  corruption
Economical                                   Political
         Regional                  Human rights
       inequalities                  violation




                      Revolution


        Dignity - Justice - Freedom
                                                         5
1 - Revolution outbreak main reasons

2 - Tunisian economy and the « revolution choc »




                                                   6
unemployment
Political                           Fiscal revenues




             Banks : Non-performing loans
                                                Libye Growth
            InvDomestic : Wait & See   Economy       -2,2 %
                            attitude          Europe 2011
            Inv Foreign : outflow



Security
                                Unemployment
                                Fiscal revenues           7
Fiscal policy
Expansionary spending policy
            Fiscal relief
       Bailout of busnisses

          Wages increase

    Massive public sector hiring


       Political uncertainty
   Downturn in fiscal revenues
   Increasing social demands



   Increase in budget deficit      8
Monetary Policy :
                    ultra-expansionary
Reserves requirements    Interest rate       Liquidity injection
                        4,5 %
     12,5 %
                                                     Mns TND
               2%                 3,5 %


                 Political uncertainty
                       insecurity
         Weak governance in the banking sector



              Distortion in Monetry policy
               Transmission mecanisms                          9
1 - Revolution outbreak main reasons

2 - Tunisian economy and the « revolution choc »

3 - The challenges of democratic transition in Tunisia




                                                    10
Social challenge

 Tunisians’    An urgent need for jobs
expectations       and investment
                                      Clearer political and      New
                                       economical vision      perspectives
                    gap
                                         Seek refuge in          Defects in
                                         easy solution         fiscal balances
 Current            Govermental
economic          limited resources
situation




                                                                        11
Pressure on bank liquidity


  Economy        Boosting investment

   funding        Businesses bailout
                                              Allocation of long-
                                               term resources
                                  Liquidité
                                  Shortage
                                                  Central bank
                                                  intervention
Low Saving    Purchasing power decrease
   rate       Negative real interest rate




                                                            12
External financing

Financing    Regional development
               funding projects
 needs
                                       International financial
                                              market
                     External debt

                                       Multilateral / Bilateral
 Currency    foreign investment fall
 reserves    Current account deficit
 decrease




                                                          13
1 - Revolution outbreak main reasons

2 - Tunisian economy and the « revolution choc »

3 - The challenges of democratic transition in Tunisia

4 - Preliminary assessment of the Tunisian economic
situation




                                                    14
Satisfactory
                                                                Vulnerabilities
                             indicators
               %       * Initial economic recovery             * Assemption :
Budget       GDP                                                  difficult to achieve
                                 in Q1 201 :
deficit              Tourism (+32,8 % ); FDI(+28,3%)            * European debt crises
            2012

            45,9 %   * Sustainable level                     * Exchage rate depreciation
Public       GDP     * Acceptable debt terms
Debt        2012     (Interest rate/maturity/ Currencies )
                                                             * High current account deficit


             5,4 %    * Core inflationary stability      * Exchange rate depreciation
Inflation     Q1
                      * Sharp food price increase        * « Second-round effects »

                                                        * Lowest « Investment grate
                      * Acceptable ranking
rating      BBB -     compared with regional
                                                                      »
                                                        * Current account deficit (2,3 %)
                      competitors                       * Budget deficit : 6,6 % (2012)
1 - Revolution outbreak main reasons

2 - Tunisian economy and the « revolution choc »

3 - The challenges of democratic transition in Tunisia

4 - Preliminary assessment of the Tunisian economic
situation
5 - Conclusion


                                                    16
Economic      Political
transition   transition




                          17
New development model      Revolution requirements

 Is the current islamist goverment able to change the
                developmental model ?
     Modernise its                  Stick to
    political speech             radical speech

 Enlarge its popularity       Shrink its popularity


 Starting with essential      Answering populists
        reforms                   demands
    Switch to a new               Keeping the
  development model         old development model       18
Thank You

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Tunisian Economy and the challenges of democratic transition

  • 1. The Road to Democracy : the Arab Region, Latin America and Eastern Europe Beirut Friday, 18th May 2012 Tunisian Economy and the Challenges of Democratic Transition Moez LABIDI University of Monastir - Tunisia
  • 2. 1 - Revolution outbreak main reasons 2 - Tunisian economy and the « revolution choc » 3 - The challenges of democratic transition in Tunisia 4 - Preliminary assessment of the Tunisian economic situation 5 - Conclusion 2
  • 3. 1 - Revolution outbreak main reasons 3
  • 4. Technological Unemployment Goverment high levels corruption Economical Widespread of high tech Political Regional Human rights inequalities violation 4
  • 5. Technological Unemployment Goverment high levels corruption Economical Political Regional Human rights inequalities violation Revolution Dignity - Justice - Freedom 5
  • 6. 1 - Revolution outbreak main reasons 2 - Tunisian economy and the « revolution choc » 6
  • 7. unemployment Political Fiscal revenues Banks : Non-performing loans Libye Growth InvDomestic : Wait & See Economy -2,2 % attitude Europe 2011 Inv Foreign : outflow Security Unemployment Fiscal revenues 7
  • 8. Fiscal policy Expansionary spending policy Fiscal relief Bailout of busnisses Wages increase Massive public sector hiring Political uncertainty Downturn in fiscal revenues Increasing social demands Increase in budget deficit 8
  • 9. Monetary Policy : ultra-expansionary Reserves requirements Interest rate Liquidity injection 4,5 % 12,5 % Mns TND 2% 3,5 % Political uncertainty insecurity Weak governance in the banking sector Distortion in Monetry policy Transmission mecanisms 9
  • 10. 1 - Revolution outbreak main reasons 2 - Tunisian economy and the « revolution choc » 3 - The challenges of democratic transition in Tunisia 10
  • 11. Social challenge Tunisians’ An urgent need for jobs expectations and investment Clearer political and New economical vision perspectives gap Seek refuge in Defects in easy solution fiscal balances Current Govermental economic limited resources situation 11
  • 12. Pressure on bank liquidity Economy Boosting investment funding Businesses bailout Allocation of long- term resources Liquidité Shortage Central bank intervention Low Saving Purchasing power decrease rate Negative real interest rate 12
  • 13. External financing Financing Regional development funding projects needs International financial market External debt Multilateral / Bilateral Currency foreign investment fall reserves Current account deficit decrease 13
  • 14. 1 - Revolution outbreak main reasons 2 - Tunisian economy and the « revolution choc » 3 - The challenges of democratic transition in Tunisia 4 - Preliminary assessment of the Tunisian economic situation 14
  • 15. Satisfactory Vulnerabilities indicators % * Initial economic recovery * Assemption : Budget GDP difficult to achieve in Q1 201 : deficit Tourism (+32,8 % ); FDI(+28,3%) * European debt crises 2012 45,9 % * Sustainable level * Exchage rate depreciation Public GDP * Acceptable debt terms Debt 2012 (Interest rate/maturity/ Currencies ) * High current account deficit 5,4 % * Core inflationary stability * Exchange rate depreciation Inflation Q1 * Sharp food price increase * « Second-round effects » * Lowest « Investment grate * Acceptable ranking rating BBB - compared with regional » * Current account deficit (2,3 %) competitors * Budget deficit : 6,6 % (2012)
  • 16. 1 - Revolution outbreak main reasons 2 - Tunisian economy and the « revolution choc » 3 - The challenges of democratic transition in Tunisia 4 - Preliminary assessment of the Tunisian economic situation 5 - Conclusion 16
  • 17. Economic Political transition transition 17
  • 18. New development model Revolution requirements Is the current islamist goverment able to change the developmental model ? Modernise its Stick to political speech radical speech Enlarge its popularity Shrink its popularity Starting with essential Answering populists reforms demands Switch to a new Keeping the development model old development model 18