JT

1. EPR
History + do’s-and-don’ts
Defining the stakeholders to be included in the EPR-scheme
Steve Claus
Vigorous inspriring EPR consultant
Buenos Aires, Argentina
November 27-28, 2017
(Nov 27, am)

2. What is EPR?
“Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a strategy designed to promote
the integration of environmental costs associated with goods throughout
their life cycles into the market price of the products” (OECD, 2001, EPR – A
guidance manual for governments)
The essence of EPR:
- bridge between production and waste management phase and
- includes recycling and support/information about design for environment
2/25

3. EPR – Evolution
25 years ago : first collective EPR schemes were founded in Europe
- not for profit
- found, run, owned by legal “obliged companies”
From then till now: diversity
Current problems in Europe (and beyond): No framework for EPR
- Guidelines?
- Private and public commitment?
- Abuse of competition principle
- Cherry picking
3/25

4. EPR’s role and added value
Incentivises companies to
optimise products and
reduce environmental
footprint
Contributes to decoupling
Ensures efficient use of
EPR – contributes to
increase recycling
targets over the past
25 years
Contributes to decoupling
production and waste
disposal from economic
growth
Encourages cost and resource
efficient management of HH
waste (from e.g. packaging,
EEE)
Ensures infrastructure
for collection, sorting
and recycling is set up
Ensures efficient use of
the financial
contribution made by
industry
4/25

5. European policy evolution: From waste
to sustainable materials management
1994
Packaging
waste Directive
1999 Landfill
Directive
2008 Waste
Framework
Directive: Waste
hierachy
Directives on
WEEE, batteries,
end-of-life
vehicles, etc.
2011 Roadmap
on Resource
efficiency
2015: 7th EAP
(Environmental
Action Program)
vision: Circular
economy and
low-carbon
society
5/25

6. Europe’s municipal waste treatment -
Less landfilling and more recycling
Eurostat: kg/capita
6/25

7. Implementation of the Packaging
Directive in Europe
3 countries without any
compliance scheme =>
Taxes
Denmark, Hungary,
Croatia
Tax versus EPR
continuous discussion
Ukraine ?
36 European
countries
Trading of certificates
UK, (Poland)
30 with Producer Responsibility
Austria, Belgium, France, Spain, Germany, Ireland, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Portugal,
Sweden, Greece, Latvia, Malta, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Italy,
Slovenia, Estonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Norway, Finland, Serbia, Israel, Netherlands,
Poland, Macedonia, Bosnia
1 country with Fund
Scheme
Iceland
countries
7/25

8. Several ways of EPR-implementation and
no silver bullet
8/25

9. Who to involve when aiming for success?
Legislator
“Obliged”(*) industry / EPR schemes
Municipalities
Operators
CitizensCitizens
(*) Companies putting the products on the market, having the decision making
power on the product, thus being responsible for inter alia end-of-life
9/25
KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
DESIGNATED ROLES/RESPONSIBILITIES + PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

10. Take into account management fields
Actor
Producersand
ImportersofEEE
Nationalauthorities
Localauthorities
(municipalities&
Retailers/shops
Citizens
Wastecollectors
Transporters
Recyclers
Otherstakeholders
Scope of the
10/25
Managementfield
Scope of the
legislation
X X X
Mission →
objectives →
strategy
X X X X X X X X X
Operations X X X X X X
Marketing &
Communication
X X X X
Data
management &
ICT
X X X X X X X
Financing X X X X X X
Management
organization
X

11. When setting up PRO, consider:
(1) Legislation
current + future one
--What relevant legislation exists?
- Which actors are involved?
11/25
- Which actors are involved?
- What are the competences and responsibilities of each actor?
- What are the targets to be achieved?
- What timing is enforced?
- What happens when targets are not met?

12. When setting up PRO, consider:
(2) Mission, objectives, strategy
Mission: What role does the organization wants to fulfil?
Objectives: What are the organization’s objectives and what’s the timing?
Strategy: How does the organization wants to achieve its objectives?
12/25
- Who are the ‘stockholders’ of the organisation?
- What mandate have they given to the organisation?
- Who are the other stakeholders of the organisation?
- How are these stakeholders involved?
- What are their expectations?
- For which legislative objectives the organisation feels itself responsible?
- For which legislative objectives the organization doesn’t feel itself responsible?
- What strategy is necessary for organizing the waste management?

13. When setting up PRO, consider:
(3) Operations
Co-ordination of the collection, sorting and recycling is the core business
‘How to’ depends on local circumstances
- What waste types are presently collected?
13/25
- What waste types are presently collected?
- What is the existing infrastructure for collection, sorting, recycling and recovery?
- What (household specific waste) types are available for collection?
- What types and quantities will be collected?
- Where + how to collect and at which frequency?
- How and where to sort (if necessary)?
- How and where to recycle?
- Which companies could be involved and how can they be designated?
- What are the expected costs and incomes of each investigated option?
- What strategy to follow concerning quality assurance?

14. When setting up PRO, consider:
(4) Marketing & communication
Two target groups (take into account local circumstances):
- The companies that financially contribute to the system
- The people and/or companies that have to sort their packaging waste
- How strong is the involvement of industry in the product recovery organisation?
14/25
- How strong is the involvement of industry in the product recovery organisation?
- Which companies need a priority approach?
- Which strategy is needed towards free riders?
- How familiar are citizens with selective household collection?
- Which incentives can be given to citizens and/or companies to sort their waste?
- Which information channels can be used (e.g. press)?
- How can other stakeholders (e.g. municipalities) be involved in information campaigns?
- How is industry structured (industry associations, big/small companies, import/export…)?
- Sociological and demographic context for intro of selective household waste collection?

15. When setting up PRO, consider:
(5) Data management & ICT
Prove recycling and recovery results through sound and credible reporting
Necessity for efficient, transparent and reliable DWH mgmt system
- What are the reporting requirements?
- What trade-off should be made between completeness and simplicity?
15/25
- What trade-off should be made between completeness and simplicity?
- What data is available or can be generated, how can data be collected?
- How can data quality be assured?
- What degree of confidentiality has to be assured?
- What information technology can be used?

16. When setting up PRO, consider:
(6) Finance
Most product recovery organisations in Europe are not-for-profit organisations,
fulfilling a role of public interest; solid capital structure is needed guaranteeing
operational continuity
16/25
- What is the expected evolution of costs (operations, communication and overhead)?
- What is the expected evolution of income from materials?
- What procedures concerning invoicing and payment will be implemented?
- How can the necessary financial support for the start-up phase be guaranteed?
- How can the net costs be allocated to specific waste streams (e.g. solidarity
mechanisms between material and packaging types)?

17. Fees – Examples
HH packaging material Tariff (€/kg) Tariff (ARS $/kg)
Glass 0,0214 0,4409
Paper-cardboard 0,0169 0,3482
Steel 0,1244 2,5632
Aluminum 0,0326 0,6717
PET (bottles and flasks) 0,2107 4,3414
HDPE (bottles and flasks) 0,2107 4,3414
Drink cartons 0,2455 5,0584
Ohters recoverable 0,2823 5,8167
Others non-recoverable 0,3106 6,3998
31 gr board
17/25
Others non-recoverable 0,3106 6,3998
13 gr alu
43 gr alu
Product / Contribution % of product price ARS $ %
Cardboard box spagetti of 500 gr 0,05%
Aluminum can of 354 ml 0,04%
HDPE flask of 400 ml 0,23%

18. When setting up PRO, consider:
(7) Management organization
- After having set the strategy for the first 6 mgmt fields, design organization chart:
- Policy level: Board + Executive Committee
- Staff: Mgmt + Employees
18/25
- What should the dimension of the organisation be?
- What are the requested peoples’ profiles?
- What are the activities of the organization and its people?
- What activities can/ should be outsourced?

19. PRO Board, Committees & work groups
(e.g. Belgian PRO for HH packaging)
Board of Directors (25+5)
- Chairman: obliged industry (1)
- Auditor (1)
- Secretary: mngmt PRO (1)
- Obliged industry (13)
- Packaging producers (5)
- Federations (6)
Audit Committee (5)
- Chairman: chairman BoD (1)
- Obliged industry (2)
- Managing Director PRO (1)
- Mgmt PRO (1)
Working groups
- Communication
- Materials
- R&D
19/25
- Federations (6)
- Managing Director PRO (1)
- Observers (5)
Executive Committee (6+1)
(mgmt committee of BoD)
- Chairman: MD PRO (1)
- Members: all obliged industry (4)
- Observer: chairman of BoD (1)
Remuneration Committee (7)
- Chairman: chairman BoD (1)
- Obliged industry (4)
- Managing Director PRO (1)
- Mgmt PRO (1)
- Managing Director PRO (1)
- Mgmt PRO (1) - R&D
- Green Dot (= member fees)
- Operations
- Legislation
- Prevention
- Litter
- Public & Regulatory Affairs

20. PRO organizational chart - General
BoDBoD MDMD
Director Administration
& Information
Director Administration
& Information
Director Projects &
Development
Director Projects &
Development
Director OperationsDirector Operations
Executive CommitteeExecutive Committee
Remuneration
Committee
Remuneration
Committee
20/25
Director Finance &
Communication
Director Finance &
Communication
Public & Regulatory
Affairs Mngr
Public & Regulatory
Affairs Mngr
Audit CommitteeAudit Committee Working GroupsWorking Groups

21. E.g. of PRO - HH packaging waste mgmt
system Belgium
Parties responsible for packaging
IPC
(Interregional
Accreditation
Verification
Citizens
Contract
Financial
Material
21/25
(Inter)municipalities
RecyclersWaste management companies
(Interregional
Packaging Commission)
Verification
Citizens

22. Lessons learnt from cases in the world
Every stakeholder plays its role:
(1) Central/National/Regional authorities
- Set legal framework for EPR + for sustainable waste management policy
- Accredit organizations
- Ensure control + enforcement
- Outline clear roles/ responsibilities
22/25
(2) Obliged industry (OI)
- Take ownership over their responsibility + act as one
- Set up, run and control efficient EPR systems
(3) The Product Recovery Organization (PRO)
- Coordinate
- Provide tender contracts + books
- Ensure quality

23. Lessons learnt from cases in the world
Every stakeholder plays its role (cntd’):
(4) Local authorities
- Cooperate with EPR-scheme
- Implement + stimulate separate collection (apply PAYT)
- Ensure quality of operators’ services
- Acknowledge crucial role of citizens + raise awareness + create
incentivesraising campaigns and create incentives
23/25
incentivesraising campaigns and create incentives
(5) Waste management operators
- Provide qualitative services
- Come up with innovative ideas
(6) The citizens
- Sort!

24. Lessons learnt from cases in the world
Realistic, feasible and flexible
legislation
Obliged industry (fillers) to act
as one
Public Private Partnership
(PPP)
KEY SUCCESS
FACTORS
24/25
(PPP)
Optimized and standardized
collection scenario, to be
implemented progressively
Competition on the right level
Quality and control
management
Support for appropriate
communication to meet the
needs of all the target groups
DESIGNATED
ROLES/
RESPONSIBILITIES
+ PUBLIC PRIVATE
PARTNERSHIP

25. Any questions?
Thank you for your attention!
Steve Claus
Vigorous inspriring EPR consultant
steve.claus247@gmail.com
25/25