A lte 2011

Training Course

March 2011

Analyzer LTE

Analyzer LTE Training

The content of this manual is provided for information only, is subject to change without notice, and
should not be construed as a commitment by Actix. Actix assumes no responsibility or liability for any
errors or inaccuracies that appear in this documentation.

Copyright © Actix 2011. All rights reserved. All trademarks are hereby acknowledged.

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Contents
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 5
SCOPE OF THE COURSE ............................................................................................. 5
WHO SHOULD ATTEND THIS TRAINING COURSE? ............................................................... 5
PREREQUISITES ..................................................................................................... 5
Hardware requirements ................................................................................... 6
AIM OF THE COURSE ................................................................................................ 7
HELP FILE ............................................................................................................ 7

ACTIX DESKTOP POST-PROCESSING SOFTWARE ................................................... 8
WHAT ARE SPOTLIGHT AND ANALYZER? ......................................................................... 8
Key features .................................................................................................. 8

SPOTLIGHT ............................................................................................. 10
SOLVING COMMON NETWORK PROBLEMS WITH SPOTLIGHT.................................................. 10
Spotlight features ......................................................................................... 11
What‘s in Spotlight? ...................................................................................... 11
Navigating around Spotlight ........................................................................... 13
What can you do with Spotlight? .................................................................... 14
GETTING STARTED................................................................................................ 15
EXPLORING WORKSPACE ......................................................................................... 16
Summary Dashboard .................................................................................... 16
LTE Report ................................................................................................... 18
Issues Panel................................................................................................. 20
CELL COVERAGE ANALYSIS ...................................................................................... 21
LTE FAILURE: DROPPED CONNECTION ANALYSIS ............................................................ 23
DATA SERVICE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................ 30
THROUGHPUT ANALYSES ......................................................................................... 32
Example 1: High Throughput Analysis ............................................................. 33
Example 2: Low Throughput Analysis .............................................................. 35

ANALYZER .............................................................................................. 39
WHAT CAN YOU DO WITH ANALYZER? .......................................................................... 39
GETTING STARTED................................................................................................ 40
EXPLORING WORKSPACE ......................................................................................... 41
VIEWING DATA .................................................................................................... 44
Displaying on chart ....................................................................................... 44
Displaying on Map ........................................................................................ 47
Displaying in a Table ..................................................................................... 48
PERFORMING LTE ANALYSES .................................................................................... 50
StateForm ................................................................................................... 50
Protocol Stack Browser .................................................................................. 55
PERFORMING CUSTOMIZED LTE ANALYSES ................................................................... 56
About Queries .............................................................................................. 56
Binned Query ............................................................................................... 57
Histogram.................................................................................................... 58
Crosstab Query ............................................................................................ 59
REPORTING NETWORK PERFORMANCE ......................................................................... 62
Creating Custom Single File Report ................................................................. 62
Creating Custom Multiple Files Report ............................................................. 65

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Superstream ................................................................................................ 69
Repository ................................................................................................... 71
SAVING YOUR WORK ............................................................................................. 77
Saving Screen Layouts .................................................................................. 77

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Introduction
Scope of the course
The Analyzer LTE Training Course provides a comprehensive overview of Spotlight and Analyzer for
LTE. The goal of the course is to give an understanding of the capabilities of the system and how it
can help users to improve quality of service for their network subscribers. Advanced users will be
introduced to new network applications.
The instructors for this course are experts in using Actix solutions to increase productivity, and are
familiar with the challenges faced by engineers working in cellular/PCS environments.
Class size is limited to ensure that everyone receives extensive one on one instruction. Participants
have many opportunities to ask questions relevant to their particular optimization needs. Upon
completing the course, participants will be able to use what they learned in class to identify and
solve real network problems.
The Analyzer LTE Training Course begins with a high-level presentation of the Actix platform
interface and its capabilities. We will then cover how existing optimization processes can be
tailored to the specific needs of the participants.

Who should attend this training course?
 RF Engineers responsible for enhancing cellular performance and implementing wireless
system optimization.

 Engineers looking to further understand the application of log file data in optimizing
networks.

 Experienced technicians involved in field optimization.

 Anyone looking to maximize the return on investment in Actix software.

Prerequisites
 Familiarity with network infrastructure and operation of the air interface.

 A general understanding of drive test and call trace collection and post-processing
methodology and advantages/limitations with each dataset.

 Access to Actix software and a familiarity with the Actix software platform.

 Basic computer literacy, including familiarity with Windows and MS Office applications.

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Hardware requirements
A computer that should meet these minimal hardware requirements:

Item Requirement
Processor 1+ GHz
Framework SQL Server 2005 Express Edition SP2 and .NET 1.1 &
3.5 are installed automatically in the standard Actix
installation.
Operating System Windows 7 and Windows 2008 Server with Service Pack
3 or later.
Windows Server 2003 Standard, Enterprise, or
Datacenter editions with Service Pack 1 or later.
Windows Server 2003 Web Edition SP1.
Windows Small Business Server 2003 with SP1 or later.
Windows Vista with SP1 or later.
Actix software runs on 64-bit Windows as a 32-bit
application.
Memory 1+ GB
Hard Disk 2 GB
Other Requirements Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 SP1 or later.
Microsoft Office XP or above (required by Actix
Software)
Table 1 Hardware requirements

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Aim of the course
After this course, you should be able to:

 Appreciate common network problems and how they are classified in Spotlight and
Analyzer.

 Configure Spotlight and Analyzer to work with your data and methodologies.

 Appreciate pre-defined Spotlight and Analyzer Reports.

 Appreciate different analyses methods (Event Based and Radio Network Analyses) in
Spotlight.

 Appreciate manual analyses (create and customize your own methods, queries and
reports, repositories and screen layout) in Analyzer

 Use Spotlight and Analyzer to analyze problems in data sets of differing sizes.

 Appreciate the role thresholds perform in Spotlight and Analyzer, and how to modify them.

Spotlight related
From the Repository Analysis - Drilldown, you should be able to:

 Add extra data during the analysis.

 Save the project file.

 Create and save your own template for your project.

 Start Spotlight and reload the project file.

 Drilldown problem by File or Time to message level with or without loading the whole file.

 Perform different analyses based on handset and scanner data.

 Perform Low Throughput analysis for LTE.

Help File
This training manual mainly contains LTE-related information and features in Spotlight and
Analyzer. For basic features of Spotlight and Analyzer, or information regarding how to
troubleshoot network in other technologies, please refer to HELP in Spotlight or Analyzer, which
can be accessed by clicking on the Help menu in the main menu. You can look up information
about a particular topic either by choosing an item from the index or by entering keywords to
perform a search.
Specific information such as attributes (engineering parameters) can be found in Attribute
Reference. You can look up an item in the alphabetized list, or you can open the Context Help
window, and then click on an item in the Workspace.

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Actix Desktop Post-Processing Software
What are Spotlight and Analyzer?
Analyzer is an Actix desktop software solution for expert drive test post-processing, supporting
network optimization and network troubleshooting. It supports 2G, 3G and even LTE rollouts with
flexible and powerful drive survey analytics. Analyzer includes the Spotlight module for automated
post-processing analyses.
In Spotlight, you can follow your own investigation in a logical flow throughout the various analysis
pages and reports. You begin by browsing the summary dashboard, the map and the appropriate
report(s) for the loaded data, which might indicate the presence of one or more problems. Cell
coverage can be investigated within a defined boundary, RSRP and RSRQ thresholds in Radio
Network Explorer, while connection drop, task failure and low throughput analyses can be
performed using Event Explorer. The issues panel provides diagnostics, measurements and links to
these critical or important issues.
Analyzer provides the flexibility and tools to help you to perform manual analyses at any time. This
can be done by customizing forms, queries, reports and repositories.
By combining both Spotlight and Analyzer, you will be able to investigate and troubleshoot your
network problem thoroughly for the most detailed information.

Key features
The following key features are available for LTE in Spotlight and Analyzer:

 Support multi-vendor, multi-technology drive test format:
Spotlight and Analyzer support the latest HSPA+ and LTE decodes from all of the major
vendors.

 Detailed network measurements: Spotlight and Analyzer support measurement of the
latest HSPA+ and LTE features including: CQI, frame usage and modulation usage.

 Flexible voice and data service KPIs: Spotlight and Analyzer support powerful top
down KPIs allowing operators to evaluate the quality of different voice and data services as
perceived by end users.

 Full RF analysis: Spotlight and Analyzer provide automated drop call diagnosis and
integrated radio network analysis to diagnose cell coverage, missing neighbor, and
interference or pollution problems.

 Layer 3 analysis: Analyzer provides embedded Layer 3 analysis, allowing detailed
message-level analysis of drive survey results.

 Data session analysis: Spotlight and Analyzer provide detailed data session analysis to
identify if poor data service performance is due to poor radio quality or congestion on the
core or radio network.

 IP packet inspection: Analyzer provides full IP layer decodes and session analysis to
provide full inspection into the IP traffic layer.

 Performance Reports: Analyzer allows you to create and customize reports for you to
quickly create RF analysis and acceptance reports.

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What can you do with Spotlight and Analyzer

Selecting Spotlight or Analyzer

Getting started by configuring cell site information

Spotlight Analyzer

Creating projects using LTE templates, settings, Setting preferences, aggregating data
LTE thresholds and loading logfiles and loading logfiles

Exploring workspace by viewing summary Exploring workspace by examining the
dashboard, reports and issues panel loaded data

Viewing Data by selecting the related category Viewing Data by displaying in maps,
and issues. The detailed diagnostics and charts, tables or reports to facilitate easy
information will be displayed in customized maps analysis
and StateForms to facilitate easy analysis

Performing LTE analyses by Performing customized Performing LTE
drilling down to the selected issue LTE analyses using analyses based on
to find out the cause queries such as filter, preconfigured
binned, histogram, crosstab applications
and event queries

No Do you want to perform Yes
customized LTE analyses?

Yes
If more detailed
Performing customized LTE analyses analyses required
by opening pre-defined analyses and/or Reporting Network Performance by
customizing new forms and to further preconfigured or customized report(s)
investigate the issue in Spotlight Create a custom report and repositories

Saving your work or preferred layout
using screen layout feature

Closing down Spotlight or Analyzer

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Spotlight
Solving common network problems with Spotlight
With the Seek-See-Solve approach, Spotlight is designed to allow you to follow your own
investigations throughout the various analysis pages and reports. However, a typical path through
Spotlight is to start from the Summary Dashboard, examine the summary map and then the
appropriate report for the loaded data, which might indicate the presence of one or more
problems. Spotlight breaks these problems down into two groups:

 critical issues, where an event has occurred that discontinued a call;

 important issues, where the quality of service has been reduced without necessarily
ending any calls.

Cell coverage, interference problems and LTE visualization can be investigated from the Radio
Network Explorer analyses (links to these are shown as Important Issues in the Issues panel of
the Summary Dashboard). These then point you at specific problem events which you can examine
and diagnose using the Event Explorer (links to these failure events are shown as Critical Issues
in the Issues panel).

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Spotlight features
The Spotlight features available for LTE are radio network analyses, event-based troubleshooting
and reporting.

Radio Network Analyses

 Cell Coverage Analysis (based on scanner or handset data)
Determines the coverage footprint of cells and identifies overshoot against coverage design
boundaries

Event-based troubleshooting

 Automated root-cause diagnostics for the most common subscriber problems such as
call drops, call setup failure, location update failures, handover failures and low throughput
issues.

Reporting
 Integrated, professional-quality reports, including embedded maps.

What’s in Spotlight?
 New Project and Template Creation
A step-by-step wizard guides the user to create a new project using an existing template
or provides a link to the new template configuration wizard.

 New Template Configuration Wizard
A step-by-step wizard guides the user to configure a new template with required devices,
KPIs, reports, queries, and so on.

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 Data Configuration
A step-by-step wizard guides the user to configure thresholds and cellrefs, and also to
select data to process into the repository.

 Summary Dashboard
From the Repository Dashboard, the user can choose a problem (critical or important
issues) to further investigate using either Event-based or Radio Network analyses.

 Spotlight Report
Identifies critical and important issues, and provides links to summary statistics of the
loaded data files.

 Event Investigation/Analyses
Provides a breakdown of the critical and important issues by filename and handset
identifier. These tabular pages are reached through links on the Summary Dashboard.

 Radio Network Investigation/Analyses
Provides a breakdown of the important issues by filename and handset identifier. These
tabular pages are reached through links on the Summary Dashboard.

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Navigating around Spotlight
On top of the page, above Summary Dashboard, the navigation bar allows you to move
around in Spotlight. It also provides some useful functions from any stage of your analysis.

Return to Event Explorer page Filter out files and Return the
or restore page if you are stream from all current page to
currently in this page. analyses. its default
appearance.

Return to Summary Open the “Choose an Load additional files Display help for
Dashboard page. Engineering Process” to the current the current page.
dialog, allowing you to project repository.
select another Spotlight
project.

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What can you do with Spotlight?
The flow chart below illustrates briefly how Spotlight can help you in your day-to-day work.

Starting up Spotlight


Creating projects using LTE templates, settings,
LTE thresholds and loading logfiles

Exploring workspace by viewing summary
dashboard, reports and issues panel

Viewing Data by selecting the related category
and issues. The detailed diagnostics and
information will be displayed in customized maps
and StateForms to facilitate easy analysis

Performing LTE analyses by
drilling down to the selected issue
to find out the cause

Do you want to perform Yes
No
customized LTE analyses?

Yes

Performing customized LTE analyses by Performing
opening pre-defined analyses and/or manual analyses
customizing new forms and to further in Analyzer
investigate the issue in Spotlight or Analyzer

Closing down Spotlight

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Getting Started
Before you begin, ensure that you have a valid
Spotlight/Analyzer license, a cellrefs that contains your
network information and a set of data you want to
investigate. It is crucial that you follow the
following steps to avoid inaccurate results or have
to go through these steps again for
reconfiguration later.
Let‘s begin by performing the following steps:
1 Start up Spotlight.
2 Create a new project by click on the New
Project button.
3 In New Project Step 1: Key in your project name, select a
suitable LTE template and click on the Next button proceed to New
Project Step 2.

If you prefer to create your
own template with your own
devices, network KPI,
LTE = both reports, attributes, queries,
UE and scanner binning and filter, click here.
Refer to HELP on how to
create a new template.

4 In the page New Project Step 2, select your cellrefs.
Spotlight is a map-centric product and you must have a valid cellrefs file corresponding to
the drive test data.
You may want to change settings, i.e. file location, display, time, neighbor list etc, or
change the thresholds for event detection. There are two important measurements in LTE
coverage: RSRP and RSRQ.
The corresponding thresholds are:
 For Handsets: LTE_UE_PoorRSRP_Threshold & LTE_UE_PoorRSRQ_Threshold
 For Scanners: LTE_Scan_PoorRSRP_Threshold & LTE_Scan_PoorRSRQ_Threshold
These thresholds are settings for format specific advance configuration options.

LTE_UE_PoorRSRQ_Threshold and LTE_Scan_PoorRSRQ_Threshold

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Note It is important to set your thresholds before loading the data
because it will affect the analysis, diagnosis and display data in
Spotlight.

5 In step 3: click on ―Add Files‖ button to load your log files or data.
If you prefer to load the entire folder, click on ―Add Folder‖ button.
Click on ―Done‖ button to begin saving settings and loading files.

Exploring Workspace

Summary Dashboard
After the data is loaded, an overview page or Summary Dashboard is
displayed. A Summary Dashboard shows an overview of the data loaded
in the current Repository project on a per device basis. If you have
configured multiple devices during the template configuration phase, a
separate tab per device will appear in the dashboard.
As you can see below, this page is divided into three parts:
Top Panel, Issues Panel, and Map.

Top Panel
Click on the “globe” to
change your background
map properties

Issues
Panel
Map

If the view is too small, right-click on a
stream and select Zoom to layer to have
a closer look.

Top Panel
This panel contains a summary table of the loaded dataset information. You can view the LTE
report (Data Service Analysis Report) or go to the Event Explorer (event-based analyses, i.e.
dropped connection, failed connection) page or Radio Network (radio network analyses, i.e.
coverage, low throughput) page.

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Issues Panel
This panel lists all the critical (event based KPIs) and important issues (radio network analyses)
that need further investigation. Click on any KPI that you might want to further investigate.

Map
The map is an integral part of the interface representing the drive route with the default attribute
plotted (RSRP or the application throughput).

Area Region Print Batch Direction
Select Zoom Out Layers Attributes
Filter Printing
Zoom In Pan Map Legend SelectAnnotations Layout Print Cell Use enhanced
Preview Sites drawing styles
Swap Legend
to other side of
map

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LTE Report
The Spotlight LTE report (Data Service Analysis Report) shows a quick overview of your
network performance. It is divided into a Report sheet and different activities (FTP, HTTP)
sheet(s), which consists of FTP, HTTP download information (statistics based on status and types
of analyses) and application throughput.
The report sheet contains a technology independent overview of all the activities, while the activity
sheet contains radio KPIs for all technologies.

Report sheet with technology independent overview

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FTP sheet with radio KPIs for LTE

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Issues Panel
This panel lists all the critical and important issues occurring in the dataset and allows you to
investigate an issue or troubleshoot a problem in more detail.

Category
First, you have to select a category, indicating which type of analysis or information you want to
be displayed on the issues panel. For example if you select LTE as your category, all event-based
critical issues and radio network‘s important issues will be displayed (as shown below). If you
choose DSA Task Summary as your category, you will get a list of tasks summary which contains
the FTP, HTTP, Web browsing Uplink and Downlink success rate and throughput measurements.
We‘ll go through these categories again later in the Throughput Analysis chapter.

Critical Issues
The critical issues section provides an overview and the link to the drive in terms of failure
events. To investigate the KPIs and the cause of the dropped connection, click on the link to go to
the Event Dashboard.

Important Issues
On the other hand, the important issues section provides an overview and the link to the
corresponding radio network analysis page. For further investigation, click on the link to go to the
Radio Network Dashboard.

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Cell Coverage Analysis
This analysis allows you to determine the coverage footprint for the cells in your
networks, visualize the best serving cell, and see if any cells are overshooting
their coverage boundary and the neighbor cells. In the following example we
will use the scanner data to perform this analysis.
Let‘s begin to explore our workspace by performing the following steps:
1 In Summary Dashboard‘s Issues panel on the left, select
LTE as your category and click on the Poor Coverage link (from scanner
data). This will bring you to Radio Network Explorer page.

You can also click on the Radio
Explorer icon to open the Cell
Coverage Analysis page.

You can click on the column header to sort your
information, or click on an individual row to view a
particular sector’s coverage. You can even perform a
specific analysis, filter your information, or choose a
specific attribute or event to be plotted in the map.
2 In the Cell Coverage Analysis page, again, it is divided into three parts:
top panel with the table with related information and measurements, a side panel with
statistics and charts regarding the quality, distance and cell visualization,
and a map.

At a glance, we can LTE thresholds Change the map unit, map
see the overall set before background properties (road or
quality of the entire loading data. aerial), and zoom in/out to help
area’s coverage. you to view your map.

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3 It is wise to filter out the unimportant information, i.e. numbers of samples < 50 or
distance > 15km. To do so, create a filter by clicking on the Filters(#) link.
Set your criteria and click on Add Filter. Click OK to apply filter.
Sort the column again after you‘ve applied the filter.

4 Select an interesting sector to view in detail. The map and left panel will be updated
accordingly. The red circle represents your pre-defined boundary in Thresholds settings
and any data points outside this circle represent overspill.
You can also change the cell-site properties to plot on the map according to the serving
PCI‘s color.

Click on the “multi-cell” icon to
display the RSRP’s KPI on map

> Beam = Percentage of points outside the cell beamwidth
>180 Beam = Percentage of points outside an imaginary beamwidth of 180 degrees

Sample statistics and charts from side panel:

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5 Make use of the additional features to help you visualize the coverage footprint of your
network.

To create a filter
Additional Features

Where seen coverage
footprint where the cell could
be seen during the drive(s).

Best seen coverage
footprint where the cell was
the best server during the
drive(s).

LTE Failure: Dropped Connection Analysis
The types of failed events (Connection or Handover failures) and task failures that you
can investigate are LTE Dropped Connection, LTE Connection Setup Fail, LTE Slow
Handover, DSA Failure Task Fail and DSA All Services and Tasks (including Ping).
This analysis allows you to study an LTE call connection failure and further
investigate the cause of this critical failure.
Let‘s begin to explore our workspace by performing the following steps:
1 In Summary Dashboard‘s Issues panel (left panel), select
LTE as your category and click on the Dropped Connection Rate link that
you want to troubleshoot. This will bring you to the Event Explorer page.

You can also click on the
Event Explorer icon to
open the Event Explorer
Analysis page.

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2 In the Event Explorer page, the top panel contains of site information with numbers of
failures (depending on the problem), a side panel with a list of diagnostics (in a table and
also detailed information) of what causes the fail, and a map to help you to visualize where
the problem occurred.

You can click on the column header to sort your information, or click
on an individual row to view a particular failed event. You can even
perform a specific analysis, filter your information, or choose a
specific attribute or event to be plotted in the map.

3 Let‘s say we want to confirm if the dropped connection is caused by interference First of
all, scroll down (side panel) to read more about the detail event diagnostics.

According to the diagnostics and measurements, when the connection dropped, the quality
was bad (-20 dB) but the signal
strength was reasonably OK (-89
dBm).
The CQI value was low and > 86% of
these CQI values were lower than 10.

We might now replay the file around
the time of the problem to see how
RSRQ ended up being so low when
the connection dropped.

To investigate this, select the row in
the diagnostic table and click Begin
Drilldown to perform connection
dropped analysis.

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4 This will bring us to the Drilldown page. As you can see, Spotlight displayed the
appropriate forms, Protocol Stack Browser (PSB) and map plotted with the related
attributes. This will help you to understand what has happened between 5 seconds before
and 30 seconds after the connection was dropped. Let‘s take a closer look at each of the
forms and the map.

Scroll down and select the attribute you want to delete one
at the time. Delete Event_Task_Fail, Event_Task_Start
and Event_Task_End.

Click OK to save.

Click on to toggle back to View mode.

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5 Examine ―Task Chart‖. There is a lot of ―Ping‖ information displayed on the chart and it is
almost too cluttered to view. To get a cleaner view, edit the chart by clicking on to
toggle to Design mode.
6 The Time Chart is looking cleaner now.
Move your mouse over the chart to view individual measurements.
Just before the drop,
the throughput and CQI
value fell from average
to 0.

The NACK Rate
appeared to be 100%
and the modulation MCS
dropped from 8 to 1.
At the same time, the
Resource Block (RB)
allocation increased
from 4RBs (8% of the
system bandwidth) to
22RBs (highest at 44%
of the system
bandwidth).

The sharp degradation
in the radio conditions
caused the radio link to
drop and the RRC
connection to drop a
little later. We also see
that the radio conditions
improve just after the
drop, which prompts us
to look further into the
issue in Protocol Stack
Browser.

7 Now let‘s take a look at the Protocol State Browser. If we scroll up to view what
happened before the connection was dropped, notice that about 1 to 2 seconds before the
drop, the neighbor cell‘s has much better signal strength. Requests for changing serving
cell have also appeared a few times. There should have been a handover but unfortunately
no handover occurred.

To edit, add and remove columns,
click on the (edit columns) icon.

In this example, it makes sense to
add the serving PCI’s RSRP and best
neighbor’s RSRP columns to compare
their signal strength.

Connection dropped here

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8 Continue to look at the map. You can plot an extra attribute on the map by clicking on the
Attributes icon. From the Edit Attributes dialog, Add the attribute from the Available
Attributes column and click OK to show it on the map.

Click on a beam to see the current serving PCI (solid line) and which one
is the neighbor cell (dash line).

Move your mouse over to any measurement or dropped connection on
the map to view more detailed information.

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If for some reason the layers are overlapped or you want to rearrange them, click on the
Layers icon to reorder them.

9 Click on a point in the map and now take a look at the StateForm next to the map.
All measurements and related information will be displayed on the StateForm. Again, if you
want to modify the form, right-click on the form and toggle Design Mode. Edit the form,
save it and toggle back to View mode. For example, change the RI attribute to
Throughput.

Click here to select your attribute
from the attribute nodes.

10 It is useful to synchronize your view, i.e. to show the same map and StateForm
information at the same time. Click on a point in the map to synchronize with the
StateForm‘s display. You can even step through the whole drive route by clicking on the
play button. If necessary, change the speed of playback using the slider.

You must select the correct stream to synchronize!

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11 Make use of the additional features to help to you to visualize and further investigate your
dropped connection.

To create filter
Additional Features

Note We‘ll be troubleshooting the same dropped connection using
Analyzer, where you‘ll be performing more customize analyses and
creating reports.

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Data Service Analysis
This analysis allows you to analyze and investigate the throughput during data transfer by using
the Data Service Analysis (DSA) page.

The followings issues and tasks you can investigate in a DSA Failure page (default) are:

 Service Setup Failure rate
Service is used to refer to the end-to-end connection between the UE and the core
network. A Service Setup Failure is detected when the UE attempts—but fails—to get an IP
address (for instance, if a PDP Context Activation procedure fails).

 Service Drop Rate
A Service Drop is detected when the UE loses the end-to-end connection to the core
network (for instance, after a Routing Area Update procedure failure).

 Task Failure Rate
Task is used to refer to any data upload or download; for example, an FTP ‗put‘ or ‗get‘,
browsing a web page or a ‗ping‘ test. A failure is detected when the Task did not complete
(for instance, if the UE failed to download a file in case of a FTP DL test).

 Percentage of FTP/HTTP upload/download task below the absolute throughput
threshold value
An absolute throughput threshold is the threshold for a UE would only spend 100% for a
task using one technology.

 Percentage of FTP/HTTP upload/download task below the composite throughput
threshold value.
A composite threshold is calculated based on the UE usage in % of a combination of
different technologies used for a task. For example, consider a data download task, where
the UE spends 70% of the time in HSPA and 30% in LTE. The composite throughput is:
(70% x ApplicationLowTput_HSDPA_DL_Threshold) + (30% x ApplicationLowTput_LTE_DL_Threshold)

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From the Select Category drop down list in Summary Dashboard you can select these three
DSA categories:
DSA Failure DSA All Services and Tasks DSA Summary

Click on Display All # Tasks to
view all related information in
the Event Explorer page.

We will perform some Throughput Analyses by viewing the DSA All Services and Tasks
category in the next chapter.

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Throughput Analyses
This analysis allows you to analyze and investigate the throughput by using the DSA
Services and Tasks page. Click the Display All # Task link to view the related
information in Event Explorer page. In the following examples, we‘ll be
viewing the FTP DL link.

In the side panel in Event Explorer page, you can find a list of FTP tasks with throughput
measurement and status. The four typical statuses are:

 OK = Successful or completed

 D = Dropped

 I = Interrupted, the task was on-going when
the file ended

 C = User Cancelled
―Interrupted‖ and ―User Cancelled‖ tasks are neither
failed nor successful, and therefore are not taken into
account in the KPIs.

Click on any of the headers to sort your information accordingly. For example, to identify
worst/best performing tasks, you could also sort by Throughput (Tput DL). To only view
successful or completed tasks, you should sort by Status.
If you continue to scroll down, below the Drilldown-Throughput-Status table, you can see some
useful data service statistics. The information displayed depends on the task type (upload or
download), as well as the technologies that the UE experienced during the task.
Once you are ready to proceed, click on the Drill Down checkbox and follow by clicking the Begin
Drilldown button to begin your analysis. We‘ll continue to analyze high and low throughput in the
following sections.

32


Example 1: High Throughput Analysis
In LTE, A throughput > 10 Mbit/s is considered a high throughput.
Let‘s take a closer look at one of the high throughput tasks.

Sort by Throughput(Tput DL).
Select the row(s) you want to
further investigate and click on
the Begin drilldown button to
go to the Drilldown page.

In the Drilldown page:

The duration of task reported by the In the beginning of the task (before the FTP download), the
logging tool is about 30 seconds CQI value was average and Modulation was not very high.
(which is the time difference between After the handover, the radio quality was gradually improved
“Task Start” and “Task End” events in
and when the transmission began, the application throughput
the StateForm), but the duration of
the data transfer is only 4.19 seconds and CQI value were high, MIMO usage was up to 100% and
during the UE was in LTE “connected” Frame Usage was at 100%. See the next page for more
mode (see StateForm). detailed information.

33


Move your mouse over any point of the transmission to view detailed information.

High throughput

In this LTE example, we notice the followings:

 High throughput
(18 Mbps for application throughput and 26 Mbits/s for Layer 1 DL throughput).

 Average CQI (14.0) throughout the FTP download.

 Very good modulation (64 QAM and most of the time MIMO usage at 100%) during FTP
download.

 Good radio quality and signal strength during FTP download.

 High Frame Usage (almost 100% during transmission).

 Good system bandwidth allocation at >90%
(23 Resource Blocks out of a maximum of 25 on this network).

 Very low NACK Rate (lower than 6% during data transmission).
If you need to further investigate the throughput, examine the PSB, map and StateForm next
to the task chart.

34


Example 2: Low Throughput Analysis
In LTE, a throughput < 5 Mbit/s is considered low.
Let‘s take a closer look at one of the low throughput task, preferably one
with an OK status.

First sort table by Status,
follow by Tput DL.

Tput DL = -1 means unknown
or no measurement

Select the row(s) you want to
further investigate and click on
the Begin drilldown button
to go to the Drilldown page.

In the Drilldown page: The average throughput achieved on LTE is low but
OK (about 3 Mbit/s). Modulation and Coding Scheme
values range from 0 to 20, with an average of 9. The
spread of values is explained by the Task Chart,
where we can see that the radio conditions were
good initially and worsen progressively until the UE is
redirected to UMTS.

On the left side panel of the Drilldown page, the Key Issues section explains the reason of
the low throughput is due to a reselection to HSDPA from LTE during the transmission. The
redirected reselection from LTE to UMTS caused the UE to be idle for almost 21 seconds.

35


Low throughput
Let‘s take a look at the Task Chart:

The FTP download started in LTE. It Following the redirected reselection The task completes
started with a slightly above average from LTE to UMTS, the UE stays idle normally in HSDPA.
throughput, good CQI, high MIMO for a while before reconfiguring to
usage and good Frame Usage. HSDPA.

In this LTE example, we notice the following:

 High throughput in the beginning, but degraded very quickly till 0, at which point the UE is
redirected to UMTS. Once the reselection was completed, it continued to transmit in a
lower throughput in HSDPA.

 Fairly low Frame Usage in HSDPA mode, and inverse relationship between CQI and Frame
Usage in HSDPA (i.e. the Frame Usage goes up when CQI goes down) whilst the
throughput remains flat; which could indicate that the throughput is not limited by the air
interface.

 Good system bandwidth allocation (~90%) in both LTE (number of RBs) and HSDPA
modes (number of codes).

 Much lower NACK Rate after the reselection.
As a result, the FTP download was completed even the data is transmitted with low
throughput. If you need to further investigate the throughput, examine the PSB, map and
StateForm next to the task chart. Resize, dock or even move them around for better
visualization. To restore the layout, click on ―Drilldown‖ link on the top left of the screen.

36


Other Low Throughput Analyses Examples:
The following screenshots explain different low throughput analysis scenarios and situations. Most
of the time, the application throughput‘s value is correlated to the CQI value, but in certain
circumstances, this might not be true.

Example 1
When the radio quality degraded, so did the throughput value, the CQI values and MIMO usage.
Now take a closer look at the correlation between the MIMO usage and the Frame Usage. Since
more data is being transmitted using MIMO, less frame usage is required (lower frame usage %).

When there is almost no MIMO transmission, the Frame Usage % increases to almost
100% because the network has to transmit more frames to compensate the rate.

See example 2 for correlations between the CQI, Resource Block allocation and Frame Usage.

37


Example 2
The following Task Chart shows a more erratic application throughput (between 0 and 10 Mbit/s)
but CQI‘s value is about average (less dramatic than the throughput‘s value).
Now take a closer look at the correlation between the CQI, Resource Block allocation and Frame
Usage %. As the CQI value increases, the # of RB decreases and so does the Frame Usage.
As for the radio condition, the radio link quality is good (good RSRQ and RSRP value).
In other words, the air interface is good (and so can deliver more throughput) but the network has
nothing to transmit at this particular time. That explains the erratic application throughput.
In this case, we can conclude that radio link quality is not the limiting factor here.

38


Analyzer
What can you do with Analyzer?
A flowchart depicting/describing the best practice when troubleshooting a network problem using
Analyzer:

Starting up Analyzer


Setting preferences, aggregating
data and loading logfiles

Exploring workspace by
examining the loaded data

Viewing Data by displaying in maps, charts,
tables or reports to facilitate easy analysis

Performing customized LTE Performing LTE
analyses using queries such analyses based on
as filter, binned, histogram, preconfigured
crosstab and event queries applications

Reporting Network Performance by preconfigured
or customized report(s) and repositories

Saving your work or preferred layout
using screen layout feature

Closing down Analyzer

39


Getting Started
Before you begin, ensure that you have a valid Analyzer license, a cellref
that contains your network information, and a set of data you want to
investigate. It is crucial that you follow the following steps to avoid
inaccurate results or have to go through these steps again for
reconfiguration later.

Let‘s begin by performing the following steps:

1 Start up Analyzer.
2 Select Tools  Preferences  from Main
Menu. Locate CellRefs  File Location in
Change Preferences dialog box and change your
Cellrefs filename. Normally it is a .txt file.
3 To make sure you‘ve loaded the correct
cellrefs, click on View Display New Map
from the main menu to display a new map.
If an empty map is displayed, right-click on the map, select
Zoom  Go to Layer  LTE_Cell- Beamwidth – PCI or LTE_Site- Site_Name.
The cell sites are now visible.

Change map unit by right-clicking on map, Map Units  Distance  Kilometer (or other unit)

Close the map after this.

40


Exploring Workspace

After the data is loaded, a blank workspace is displayed with the Attribute
Explorer docked on the left panel. If you recall, in Spotlight, you get a
summary of your data, issues and problem encountered with diagnostics
and a map. Within Analyzer, you perform manual analysis and therefore no
pre-defined screen layout is displayed.

Here is where you can load your data file, create a repository and
perform dataset operations for a quick overview of your network.

Attribute Explorer

indicates that the Attribute Explorer is currently docked on this
panel. Click on the same icon to undock it. This will allow you to
move the Attribute Explorer panel around.

Here you can view and search your attributes in your data file. You
can also create and save a group of attributes you often use in
“Favorites”.

41


Let‘s continue to explore the workspace:
1 Right-click on Loaded Data Files to load your log files. You can also load files by selecting
File  Open Logfile from Main Menu or press Ctrl-O.

Note We‘ll be troubleshooting the same dropped connection
(previously diagnosed in Spotlight). In the following chapters you‘ll
be performing manual/customize analyses, creating reports and
repositories.

Expand the ―Loaded Data Files‖ node by clicking on to see all the available attributes
in your data file(s).

2 You can select and display the attribute(s) on map, chart, table, workbook etc to view your
data, the same way you view the data in Spotlight.

42


Searching for Attributes
Sometimes it can be quite tedious to locate the exact
attribute (or parameters) that you need for your analysis.
Use the Find Attribute feature to search the
parameter trees. You can perform the search by selecting
from the main menu: Tools 
Find Attribute or Ctrl-shift-F.
The search panel will open as part of the
Workspace Explorer window.
Type in the attribute you want to search for (a whole or
partial word). Click on Find Next to find the attribute
one by one or Find All to find them all under the nodes.

Right-click on the attribute and select Add To
Favorites to add it into your Favorite Group

Creating Favorites Group

It is a good idea to place your most frequently accessed
attributes in a ―Favorites‖ group.
This group can be viewed by clicking on the Favorites tab in
the Workspace. This will save you a lot of time searching for
the attributes under the nodes.

43


Viewing Data
You can view your data the same way as you do in Spotlight. In Analyzer you
have to decide which attribute(s) to be displayed and how you want to view
your data in a way that helps you to troubleshoot or investigate an issue.

Displaying on chart
To take a quick look at the radio condition of the drive data, select and
display the RSRQ attribute in a chart. The attribute is located at LTE 
Downlink Measurements  LTE_UE_RSRQ. Right-click on the attribute
and display on chart.
Here you can see the distribution of the radio quality throughout the drive along
with the timeline.

Data is aggregated and averaged based on time (every one second).

This will affect the view on maps, tables and charts, but will not affect the results of crosstab and
event queries.

In this training, we would like to perform manual analysis with detailed information but not the
aggregated data. To change the settings, go to Tools  Preferences and change the binning
mode to Message.

More configuration information can be found in HELP.

44


Data Aggregation

There are four methods to aggregate data in Analyzer. These different binning modes are based on
time, location, distance and message.
In order to perform a detailed manual analysis, you should change the binning mode to Message
and make sure Message = ―1‖ so that you can view every message in your data.
Take a look at the chart again. Data is now displayed more densly on the chart.
Drag and drop the LTE  Event Data  RRC  LTE_RRC_RRCConnectionDrop attribute to the
same chart to see when the connection was dropped.

The line represents a
connection drop. It
seems likely that the
RSRQ measurement
was very low right
before the drop.

45


Next, display the LTE  Downlink Measurements  LTE_UE_CINR and the
LTE  Event Data  RRC  LTE_RRC_RRCConnectionDrop on a new chart.

It looks like the channel interference plus noise ratio value degraded tremendously right before the
drop as well.

46


Displaying on Map
Display the same attributes (LTE_UE_RSRQ and LTE_RRC_RRCConnectionDrop) on the map
to visualize the area, radio condition and location of the dropped connection.
Zoom in to take a closer look at the 1st drop.
Click on Cell/Sites icon to color the sector based on PCI.
This will help you to identify the serving sectors based on their own color.

Click on the Direction icon to display the direction of the drive route.
Arrange the chart next to the map.
Click at any point in the map to synchronize the measurement with the chart.

At this point, we may also want to replay the file around the time
of the problem in order to see the serving sectors and how RSRQ
ended up being so low when the connection dropped.
Anyhow, the information is still very limited if we only view on the
map and chart.
Display more attributes on table, open a StateForm (or any pre-
configured analyses), or a Protocol Stack Browser in Analyzer to
help you to obtain more information.

47


Displaying in a Table
Display the following attributes in a table:

 LTE_UE_PCI

 LTE_UE_RSRP

 LTE_UE_RSRQ

 LTE_RRC_RRCConnectionDrop

To go to the next
dropped connection,
press Ctrl- .

It seems like there are lots of empty rows in the table and you have to keep scrolling down to find
the next measurement. This problem can be resolved by selecting the
Hide empty rows checkbox to hide these empty rows.

The radio condition
degraded
tremendously right
before the
connection dropped.
Maybe there is no
coverage or no other
cell to handover to.

You can now see the actual measurement of each attribute on table.
If you wish, you can also display these attributes on Workbook (Excel).
Rearrange the map, chart and table in your workspace so that you can see them
Clicking at any point in the table to synchronize table with the map and chart.

48


Problem – can’t display too many rows in a workbook
You might encounter this problem when you try to display an attribute in a Workbook. For
example, I was trying to display LTE_UE_CINR in a Workbook.

To solve this problem, we can create a filter to remove the empty rows by eliminating
messages with attributes not set to a value. This can be done by creating a filter query, or
more conveniently by using Attribute Spy.

Attribute Spy
Attribute Spy is a smart feature that allows you to display the attributes set at a message, as well
as to perform some basic operations on them. A lot of the time you might not know what other
attributes are associate to the attribute you have just displayed on a map. For example in our
previous filter example, LTE_UE_CINR.
To find out information of an attribute at a particular selected point, and even any other associated
attributes, you can select the View  Display Attribute Spy from the Main Menu. The
AxaAOAttributeSpy Class window will be opened.
In your CINR chart or table, click on any point that contains the LTE_UE_CINR attribute. The same
attribute will be selected in the Attribute column in the window. Right-click on the attribute and
select Filter Stream where “IsValid(LTE_UE_CINR)” to eliminate all the empty rows.

Note that after you‘ve applied the filter, the bottom right of
your screen will be updated. Display the attribute in a workbook
again. This time no warning message pops up.

49


Performing LTE Analyses
There are many pre-configured analyses, StateForms, Protocol State Browser (PSB), Message
Browser, available to help you to investigate an issue. Let‘s continue to troubleshoot
the dropped connection by performing some LTE pre-configured analyses.
In Spotlight section, we have seen the Task Chart (StateForm), PSB displayed
in the workspace. We‘ll open up this form and PSB again in Analyzer, and
even create our own form and queries to analyze the dropped connection.

StateForm
StateForm allows you to view multiple performance metrics simultaneously.
Used in conjunction with the replay tool, maps, tables, and charts, you can
quickly ascertain the values of several radio parameters for problem identification.
To open a pre-configured LTE StateForm, select:

 View  Forms  Data Testing (for UE), or

 View  Forms  LTE Scanner (for Scanner)

Let‘s open the LTE Radio Charts (same as the ―Task chart‖ in Spotlight) and take a closer look.
To do so:
1 Select View  Forms  Data Testing  DataServiceAnalysis_LTE Radio Charts
StateForm.
2 If the StateForm contains some ―Ping‖ information (too crowded to look at), toggle to
Design mode and remove the event tasks such as ―Fail‖, ―Start‖ and ―End‖.
See Step 4 in Spotlight’s LTE Failure: Dropped Connection Analysis if you cannot
remember how to remove the event tasks.

50


3 Arrange your StateForm, chart, table and map in the Workspace so that you can see them
all side-by-side. Click on a point in the map or chart to synchronize your view and
information.

At this point of time, we still cannot conclude what really caused the connection drop.
4 To further investigate this, we should probably look at the neighbor‘s radio condition by
displaying the best neighbor‘s RSRQ, RSRP and PCI on a table. We should also check out
the RRC and Layer 3 messages for the handset by opening the LTE Handset PSB. We‘ll
take a look at this later in other chapters.
If this is not enough, try customizing your own StateForm (See example below).

Exercise: Create New StateForm
In order to suit your daily work, you can also design a StateForm from scratch. You can do this by
creating a new StateForm file or by adding a new sheet to a current file. We will create a new file
or StateForm (LTE Training Network Parameter StateForm) for this example. The finished
form will look like this:

51


If you do not have the StateForms window open, click Tools  StateForms Editor.
1 To start a new StateForms file, right-click inside the StateForms Editor and select
Design Mode. The StateForms sheet can now be edited and objects can be added.

Array Scan
Toggle
Delete Copy Label Attribute Chart
Design
Mode

Cut Paste Select Attribute Time Group
Value chart Box

2 Add the LTE_UE_PCI label by clicking the Label button.
Click and drag the rectangle in your form.
3 Select the label object and make these modifications in the Attribute Window:
 Caption: LTE_UE_PCI
 Autosize Font: False
 Font Size : 9
4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 for LTE_UE_RSRQ and LTE_UE_RSRP.

5 To display the value for LTE_UE_PCI label, click the Attribute Value button then
click and drag a rectangle to the right of the LTE_UE_PCI label.
6 Select the LTE_UE_PCI Attribute Value object and make the following modifications:
 Specify Min+Max: True
 Bar Range Min: 0
 Bar Range Max: 0
 Attribute: LTE  Downlink Measurements  LTE_UE_PCI
 Show Value Text: True
 Font Size: 9
7 Repeat steps 2 and 3 for LTE_UE_RSRQ and LTE_UE_RSRP.

8 To create the Attribute Bar for LTE_UE_RSRQ, click on the Attribute Value button
then click and drag a rectangle to the right of the LTE_UE_RSRQ attribute value object.
Repeat the same for LTE_UE_RSRP.
9 Select LTE_UE_RSRQ Attribute Bar and make the following modifications in the Attribute
Window:
 Specify Min+Max: True
 Bar Range Min: -25
 Bar Range Max: 10

 Bar Color:
 Attribute: LTE  Downlink Measurements  LTE_UE_RSRQ
 Show Value Text: False
 Show Min Text: True
 Show Max Text: True
 Show Minor Ticks: True

52


 Show Major Ticks: True
 Minor Ticks Spacing: 5
 Minor Ticks Spacing: 20
 Font Size: 6
 Border Line: True
10 Repeat the same settings for RSRP except the followings:
 Bar Range Min: -130
 Bar Range Max: 40

 Bar Color:
 Attribute: LTE  Downlink Measurements  LTE_UE_RSRP
11 To add the Group Box object, click on the Group Box button, then click and drag a
rectangle around all of the items in your form.
12 Select the Group Box object and make the following modification in the Attribute Window:
 Caption: Network Parameters
 Fore Color: Dark Blue
 Font Size: 14
 Default Font: False
 Font Bold: True
13 Click the Save As button and save the StateForms file in the StateForms directory and call
it LTE NetworkParameters - Trainings.axl.
14 Return to the View Mode by clicking on the Toggle Design Mode button.
15 Test your new form by displaying a parameter from your logfile‘s stream on a map. Click
on any point on the map, and see the parameter values for PCI, RSRQ and RSRP appear
on your StateForm.

To open your StateForm,
select View  Forms 
your StateForm’s name
or right click on your data
file’s stream name 
Display Form  your
StateForm’s name

53


Dropped Connection Investigation
So by now we have a pretty good idea about the radio condition and measurements of the serving
cells based on the attributes we‘ve plotted on the chart, map, table and StateForm.
Let‘s take a look at the best neighbor‘s PCI, RSRQ and RSRP by displaying them side-by-side
together with the serving cells‘ PCI, RSRQ and RSRP. The neighbor‘s attributes can be found in
LTE  LTE Neighbor Cell Info node. Drag and drop them into the same table.

Before the connection was dropped, you can see that about a few seconds before the drop, the
best neighbor cell‘s has much better signal strength. Have a look at the difference between the
serving cell and the best neighbor cell.
We also noticed that right after the drop, PCI 122 appeared to be the serving cell and the radio
conditions were good.
Maybe it is time to take a look at the RRC and Layer 3 messages to further investigate the cause
of the connection drop, and find out for instance whether the UE has requested a handover in RRC
Measurement Report messages before the drop occurred. To do so, we can open a Protocol Stack
Browser or a Message Browser.

54


Protocol Stack Browser
The Protocol Stack Browser (PSB) allows you to browse quickly through protocol messages by
examining the protocol message name only. Once a message of interest is identified in the top
pane of the Protocol Stack Browser, the details of the message can be examined in the bottom
pane.
Select View  Protocol Stack  LTE Handset from the Main Menu. Rearrange and synchronize
the table, map, chart, stateform and PSB to view them side-by-side.

We can confirm that the UE has requested a handover in
RRC Measurement Report messages a few times before the
drop, but the eNode B did not perform the handover.

To add and remove columns (attributes) in PSB, click on Edit Columns.
Select the attribute you want to add from the Available attributes column and click on the Add
button. To remove existing attribute columns, select them and click on the Remove button. In the
above example, we have added LTE_RRC_RRCConnectionDrop, LTE_UE_RSRP and
LTE_UE_Nbr_RSRP[0].

55


Performing Customized LTE Analyses
You can create a wide variety of customized analyses using Analyzer. You may want to highlight
potential voice or data problem areas, or test for common symptoms of bad
radio link quality for the purpose of speeding up the analysis of data. Your
customized analysis, called a query, can be saved in a Workspace and
reused for future drive data. These queries can be created, accessed, and
edited in the Workspace through the Analysis Manager.

Edit Pre-configured or your own queries or analyses

Create your own query

Retrieve queries from another folder

To save your query

About Queries
Queries are a means of searching and filtering data based on events and thresholds you define.
Queries operate on binned data and are written using Boolean expressions and arithmetic
operations containing data parameters. Analyzer supports six types of queries:

 Filter Analysis (display data based on a single criterion)

 Binned Query Analysis (using functions and inequalities to define a new parameter
based on existing parameters)

 Cross Tab Query Analysis (to group data and display statistics for each group. The
groups can be sorted, and a query can contain several options for grouping data)

 Event Query (to extract key performance statistics for a user-defined time or message
window before or after a defined event such as dropped connection)

 Statistic Analysis and Histogram Analysis
(provide analysis formats for custom expressions)
In the following chapters, we will continue to analyze the same dropped connection by creating
queries (binned, histogram and crosstab), single and multiple files reports, and repositories.

56


Binned Query
So far, we‘ve managed to display the serving and best neighbor cells‘ PCI, RSRQ and RSRP on
tables, and it was useful to look at a particular point of data. It will be nice if we can also see the
signal strength difference between the serving cell and the best neighbor cell throughout the whole
drive.
To do so, create a binned query that computes the difference between the serving cell‘s RSRP and
the best neighbor cell‘s RSRP:
1 In Analysis Manager (if you are not there yet, press Ctrl-A), double-click on Binned
Query icon to go to the Expression Builder.
So, our formula should look something like:
Difference = Best Neighbor Cell’s RSRP – Serving Cell’s RSRP
A positive value will indicate that the best neighbor is stronger than the serving cell.

2 Key in a meaningful name of your query in the Description textbox.
3 Type in your query expression or select the attribute from the attribute node‘s column.
This State() function is required to ensure that the last valid value of the parameter
persists.
4 Make sure the correct Format group is selected.
If you are not sure which group to select, just click on one of the attribute and the correct
format group will be selected automatically.
5 Click OK to exit the Expression Builder.

57


6 Apply the query by right-clicking your query and display on a chart, map or table.
In the example below, we‘ve displayed the query on a map, along with a connection
dropped attribute. From the chart, we can see a big signal strength difference right before
the connections were dropped.

Histogram
A histogram‘s results expressed as a percentage may provide a more meaningful comparison to
results expressed as a count. In the example below, we will use a histogram to look at the channel
to interference plus noise ratio (CINR).
We will select a range from -50dB to 10dB and divide it into 30 columns.
To create a histogram:
1 In Analysis Manager (if you are not there yet, press Ctrl-A), double-click on Histogram
icon to open the Histogram Wizard window.

To generate this column:

1. Key in the minimum value,
maximum value and the
number of columns.

2. Click on the Generate
button to generate your
column. The ranges will be
automatically calculated
based on the number of
columns you have set.
Note that the ranges will
look slightly strange but
evenly distributed.

To set your desired range,
you have to manually
define and key in the
range.

2 Apply this query and display it on a chart or workbook.

58


Crosstab Query
The crosstab query is used to group data and display statistics for each group. The groups can be
sorted, and a query can contain several options for grouping data. It is flexible and you can
combine many different data groups together (you are not limited to one format group as you are
in binned and histogram queries).
In this example, we would like to see CINR distribution and the correlation between CINR, RSRP
and RSRQ. To create a crosstab query:
1 In Analysis Manager (if you are not there yet, press Ctrl-A), double-click on Crosstab
Query icon to open the Crosstab Query Wizard window.

Click on the New Dimension button. The query dimension allows you to group and order
your results using the attribute you select. Use attribute chooser to select LTE 
Downlink Measurement  LTE_UE_CINR to add the CINR as the dimension. We will
create a dimension for CINR‘s histogram (set with 3 dB difference).
Click on Edit Dimension to open the Expression Builder to set your criteria.

3 = define column with 3 dBs difference

2 Now apply the query on a Statistics Explorer to see if your query works.
Always do so before you continue to build a bigger query!

59


3 dBs
difference for
each column

3 Next, create two new statistics: Avg RSRP and Avg RSRQ.
Use the attribute chooser to select LTE  Downlink Measurement 
LTE_UE_RSRP and LTE_UE_RSRQ to add the CINR as the statistics so that the state()
function is applied when an attribute is selected.

60


4 Lastly add a global filter to only retrieve data with status = connected.

Status = Connected

5 Apply and display your query on a workbook.
The occurrences of any CINR < -12 were insignificant (didn’t
occur so often). We can basically filter this range of the data
out. Edit your global filter and add this new condition. Save as
another query if necessary.

Display on workbook to ensure your query is working well.

In the next chapter we will learn how to create a Single File Report using this crosstab
query. You will then use the report for other log files.

61

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