Weitere ähnliche Inhalte Ähnlich wie Hastily Formed Networks at the Waldo Canyon Fire (20) Hastily Formed Networks at the Waldo Canyon Fire1. Hastily Formed Networks:
Tech Lessons from the Waldo Canyon Fire
Rakesh Bharania
Network Consulting Engineer
Cisco Tactical Operations
E-mail: rbharani@cisco.com
Twitter: densaer
http://www.cisco.com/go/tacops
2. Agenda – HFNs at the Waldo Canyon Fire
! Introducing Cisco Tactical Operations
! Understanding the Tech Challenge
! Introducing Hastily Formed
Networks
! Hastily Formed Networks at
Waldo Canyon Fire
! The New Reality Going Forward
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
4. Cisco TacOps Provides Crisis Support
! Cisco Tactical Operations (TacOps) is a dedicated crisis response
team that establishes emergency networks after a disaster.
! TacOps personnel skills include technical, operational, first responder,
military and logistics
! Promotes innovative technology solutions
for disaster response and other hardship
situations.
! Emergency response funded
by Cisco Corporate Philanthropy.
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
5. Cisco Learned Lessons from Hurricane Katrina
! Initially: TacOps supported “extreme risk” incidents
! Expanded mission: To have a scalable, coordinated,
response to disasters (2005) … because:
! Hurricane Katrina - what Cisco did:
Cisco sent hundreds of volunteers and tons
of equipment to Gulf region.
We were successful, but…
! Hurricane Katrina - lessons learned:
There were many willing engineers but few
trained for the environment.
Less effective due to the Cisco-wide uncoordinated
response
! No standardized Cisco mobile platform for disaster
response.
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
6. Today: All-hazards Response, Anywhere.
! Waldo Canyon Fire, CO ! Pipeline Explosion, San Bruno CA
! Famine, Horn of Africa ! Plane Crash, Palo Alto CA
! Tornadoes, AL, NC, MO ! Earthquake, Port-Au-Prince Haiti
! Earthquake/Tsunami, Japan ! Fiber-Optic Cut, SF Bay Area CA
! Earthquakes, Christchurch NZ
! Flooding, Cedar Rapids IA
! Flooding, Brazil
! Evans Road Fire, NC
! Flooding, Queensland Australia
! Harris Fire, San Diego CA
! Fourmile Canyon Fire, Boulder CO
! Hurricanes Katrina, Gustav, Ike
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
7. United States Relationships
Office of Emergency
Services
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
9. We Deploy: Vehicles, Kits, Equipment, Expertise
! Network Emergency Response Vehicle (NERV)
NIMS Type II Mobile Communications Center.
Large scale network services core
“Respond locally, communicate globally”
! Mobile Communicator Vehicle (MC2)
NIMS Type IV (with satellite, VoIP) MCC
Medium scale network services core
! Emergency Communications Kit (ECK)
Rapidly deployable communications capability
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
10. We Have Trained Responders
! Disaster Incident Response Team (DIRT) program:
USA, UK/Ireland, China, Brazil. ~200 engineers
! Takes Cisco engineers, trains them for
disaster response.
! NIMS certified, hands on, VOD training
! DIRT members deploy with NERVs/ECKs
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
11. Giving Back As a Core Value
! Corporate Social Responsibility
• Supporting the community creates goodwill.
• We don’t just give money, but go into the field with a
trained team to provide augmentation of resources
• Threefold approach: cash, product, people.
• Attract the best new employees: they care about
what their employer does, not just getting a paycheck
! We are accountable: Cisco annual Corporate Social
Responsibility Reports http://csr.cisco.com
! It’s not just good for the community – it’s good for Cisco
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
13. All Crisis Responders Share The Same Problem.
NGOs/VOADs/ Public Safety
International Orgs
In complex disasters with multiple National, State &
Transportation
response organizations … Local Government
How to deliver the right information
in the right format to the right person at
the right time?
Critical Infrastructure
Healthcare
Defense
13
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
14. The Need For Technology In Disaster Is Increasing
Evolution in People, Process and Technologies to support
Disaster and Humanitarian relief
! Radio, phone Radio & integrated Data
! Single device Any device (BYOD) Goal: Mission workflow
and productivity
! Voice only Voice, Video, Data benefits that save lives
! Closed teams Open collaboration and speed recovery.
! Command Centric In the field, social media
! Fixed Locations Deployable anywhere
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
15. The Whole Community: Nobody Does it Alone.
…We know that non-governmental organizations - like faith-based and non-profit
groups - and private sector entities possess knowledge, assets and services that
government simply cannot provide. An effective disaster response involves tapping
into all of these resources.
…Through engaging the "Whole Community," we maximize our limited funding and
leverage the capabilities of our partners, who play a critical role in the process.”
Craig Fugate, FEMA Administrator
House Committee on Homeland Security, Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, 2012
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
17. Typical ICT Challenges in Disaster.
Information and Computing Technologies (ICT) are Needed but Overwhelmed
! Lack of power
! Degraded telephony infrastructure
! Degraded Push-to-Talk Radio,
Lack of interoperability
! Oversubscribed services
! Limited Internet access
! Few IT resources
! Lack of trained staff
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
18. Solution: Hastily Formed Networks (HFNs)
Instant Emergency Networks
! HFNs are portable, IP-based networks
that are deployed in emergencies
when normal communications
has been disabled or destroyed.
! Enable on-scene and remote responders
to share situational awareness, coordinate
operations, establish command and control.
! Communicate within the affected
area as well as to the outside world.
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
19. Naval Postgrad. School / Cisco HFN Model
HUMAN / COGNITIVE
Social/Cultural Organizational Political Economic
TEXT VOICE VIDEO/IMAGERY SPECIALIZED
- email - Push-to-talk - VTC - Collaboration
APPLICATION - chat - Cellular - GIS - Sit Awareness
- SMS - VoIP - Layered Maps - Cmd/Control
- Sat Phone/PSTN - Fusion
WIRED WIRELESS WIRELESS SAT
- DSL LOCAL LONG HAUL BROADBAND
NETWORK - Cable - WiFi - WiMAX - VSAT
- Other ISP WAN - PAN - Microwave - BGAN
- MAN - IP over HF
POWER HUMAN NEEDS PHYSICAL NET OP CENTER
- Fossil Fuel - Shelter SECURITY - Network Sec
PHYSICAL - Renewable - Water - Force Protection -Cmd/Control
- Fuel - Access - Leadership
- Food Authorization
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
20. HFNs: What They Are
! Portable: mobile, rolling kit, easily moved
with few personnel
! Rapidly deployable: pre-configured, set up
with minimal training
! Interim: Once pre-event communications
is restored typically decommissioned.
! Based on: WiFi/VSAT/WiMAX/etc.
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
21. HFNs: What They Are NOT
! A replacement for pre-emergency infrastructure.
! Designed for large numbers of users
! High bandwidth (if on VSAT). High latency, etc. needs to be considered.
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
22. The First Deployed HFN: Hurricane Katrina
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
23. The First Deployed HFN: Hurricane Katrina
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
24. More Recently: 2010 Haiti Quake
Airport
USNS COMFORT
NPS HFN TEAM HAITI NETWORK
VSAT/BGAN Satellite
WiMAX Point-to-Point
WiFi Mesh
WiFi Access ICT Trends 2011
Point © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24 2
4
25. The Waldo Canyon Fire
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
26. The Waldo Canyon Fire
! June 23 – July 10 2012
! 2 Fatalities / 6 Injured
! 18,247 acres burned
! 32,000 evacuated
! 346 homes destroyed ($352 M damage)
! The most destructive fire in Colorado history ($)
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
27. The Response
! Type I IMT (Harvey’s GB IMT)
! 1,286 Personnel Assigned
! 76 Engine Companies
! 11 Dozers
! 8 Helicopters
! 4 MAFFS C-130 ANG Tankers
! Firefighters came from 34 States
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
28. Cisco Technology Response
! El Paso County, CO request for “advanced
communications support” from Cisco.
! Cisco Tactical Operations response
based from San Jose, CA and Raleigh, NC
! Communications requirements:
1. Wireless networks for the Type I IMT
2. IP Telephony support at ICP
3. Support El Paso County Disaster Recovery Center IP Telephony
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
29. Wireless Network Deployment
! Priority One: Support the IMT staff with
wireless access in an unreliable environment.
! Cellphones were disabled in the area –
how to get data?
! The answer was a “mesh” wireless network
that would support both mission-critical
and “courtesy” open Internet access.
! Security policy applied on infrastructure to deconflict traffic. (BYOD)
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
30. Advanced Mesh Wireless Network
! Secured Network: Supporting
~100 IMT/Unified command Staff
! Unsecured (open) network:
Supporting ~500 firefighters
and support staff.
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
31. Mesh Wireless: Waldo Canyon Fire, 2012
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
33. Cisco ECK For VoIP: Waldo Canyon Fire, 2012
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33
34. So what? Why do we need data in an emergency?
! Example: Social Media.
! #waldocanyonfire – 100k messages between
June 25 and July 10.
! 25,000 unique users
! What about email?
! Or GIS?
! WebEOC?
The Twitter Desk at the El Paso County EOC
! Twitter: #smem – where the discussion is at.
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34
35. Official Agencies on Twitter, Waldo Canyon Fire
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35
36. But…
! If you don’t have access to data communications in your emergency, you have access to
none of this content.
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36
37. Challenges
! Spectrum Management. There were at least 40 APs at that
facility, all conflicting for 14 802.11 2.4Ghz Channels!
! Lack of awareness by on scene COML/COMT staff as to non-LMR spectrum
management challenges.
! “The ICS-205 Problem”
! Infrastructure security – aka what happens when
trucks drive over your fiber optic link?
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37
38. The New Reality
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38
39. The Future (As We Know It)
! Networks just as critical as radio
! Collaboration in communities of interest via multiple
modes:
Video, VoIP, IM, chat, incident mgmt apps, GIS
! IP as “Interoperability Protocol” / all-hazards
! Technology infrastructure for day-to-day ops, not just
“100-year flood”
! Next-generation disaster-management apps
Community-based “fusion” applications for
crisis management & information dissemination
Everyone has a phone that can post to
Twitter, flickr, Facebook in seconds.
! Technology is easy … politics is (still!) hard.
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39
40. Now What? Your Next Move.
! Response agencies should consider ICT as a
primary service in disaster as essential
as food, water, shelter and medical care
! Agencies must plan for future investment
in ICT. Partner with your IT departments!
! Governments, NGOs and other
humanitarian agencies should continue
work to establish working partnerships
with private sector resources
! Agencies need to test and train with technology
regularly to ensure personnel are practiced and able
to use it effectively
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40
41. Connect With Us: Web. Email. Social Media.
! On Cisco.com: http://www.cisco.com/go/tacops/
! Email: tacops-info@cisco.com
! Facebook:
http://www.facebook.com/cisco.tacops
! Twitter:
@SJ_NERV
@RTP_NERV
ICT Trends 2011 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41