It is obvious Dr. Vijay Habbu knows about the plastics industry in India. This is an excellent presentation.

1. 1
Dr. Vijay G. Habbu
Senior VP-Reliance Ind. Ltd.
Technical Advisor- PCMA,
PACE
PLASTIC WASTE:
Best Technologies & Global Practises:
Challenges & Implementation
ASSOCHAM National Conference on
“WASTE to WEALTH” Le Meridien, New
Dehli, March 30, 2017

2. Did you
know?
Producing a
plastic bag
consumes
only
3% of the
fresh water
needed to
produce
a paper bag
Section 1 :
Plastics:
An Overview of the
New-Age Material

3. 3
1. Plastics
2. Fibres (Textiles)
3. Rubbers / Elastomers
4. Coatings
5. Adhesives
6. Cosmetics
Manifestations of Polymers
PLASTICS - the major manifestation of polymers - are inexpensive,
lightweight, versatile, water resistant, durable and RECYCLABLE

4. 128
4
191
3
First recorded mention of The
Horners Company of London,
with horn and tortoiseshell as
the predominant early natural
plastic.
Friedrich Heinrich
August Klatte
(GERMAN) took
out a patent on
PVC
193
3
Polyethylen
e
discovered
193
5
Nylon
patented
193
7
First
commercial
production of
polystyrene
First
production of
PVC in UK
194
0
194
1
194
8
195
0
PET
patented
Acrylonitrile-
butadiene-
styrene (ABS)
produced
The
polyethylene
bag makes its
first
appearance
PP invented
HDPE
invented
First
production of
polycarbonat
es
PET
beverage
bottles
introduce
d
First
production
of LLDPE
First
artificial
heart
made
mainly of
polyuretha
ne,
introduced
implanted
in a
human.
195
2
195
8
198
0
195
3
197
3
198
2
Inventions of Plastics : Timeline
Bakelite
manufactur
ed
190
7
4
Fascinating evolution of synthetic plastics over the past 110
years
196
4
201
7
0.5 MMT 15 MMT 320 MMT

5. Use of Plastics
Plastics are materials
made of any of a
wide range
of synthetic or
Semi-
synthetic organics
that can be
molded into solid
objects of diverse
shapes
Plastics
Packaging
Building
&
Construction
Transportation
Electrical
&
Electronics
Medical
&
Health
Agriculture
Sports
&
Leisure
Plastics cover every aspect of our daily
life
5

6. Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food & Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET, PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic
acid + Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles, Containers, Jars, Films, Strappings,
Fibre and Filaments, Non-wovens, Medical
devices, etc.
High-density polyethylene
(HDPE)
Ethylene Hair-oil & other household containers,
Packaging films, furniture, Pipes, Fuel tanks,
etc.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables, Footwear, Floorings,
Packaging films, Pipes and fittings, Medical
devices, Tarpaulins, toys, etc.
Low-density polyethylene
(LDPE)
Ethylene Milk pouches, Containers, packaging films,
tubings, Furniture, etc.
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs, Furniture, Containers, Packaging
films, Automotive and Electronic
components, Textiles, Medical devices,
Aerospace Applications, etc.
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications,
Disposable cups and containers, Foams,
Insulations, etc.
Other plastics
[often Polycarbonate (PC)
or Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC: Bisphenol-A + Diphenyl
carbonate or Phosgene
ABS: acrylonitrile + butadiene +
styrene
PC: Electronic, Aircraft, Security and
Automotive components, Construction
industries, Data Storage applications
ABS: Electronic and Automotive
components, Pipes, Instruments body parts,
etc.
Plastics: Codes, Chemistry and End-uses
Each plastic has a different chemistry
6

7. AVERAGE VALUES
(of data cited
earlier)
Weight of container
needed for packing
300mL of liquid
EFFECTIVE VALUES
Of
Packaging
Material
Emissions E.F. Emissions E.F.
kgCO2/T Gha/T g
Factor
(w.r.t. PET)
kgCO2/T (Gha/T)
Glass 990 0.24 162 6x 5940 1.44
Aluminium 10840 2.42 15 0.6x 6504 1.45
PET 2240 0.48 24 1x 2240 0.48
Normalisation taking into account
the weight of packing material needed for packing same amount of contents
Normalised Data – GHG Emissions & Ecological
Footprints (E.F.)
[1] Accounting for Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Materials at the Urban Scale- Relating Existing Process Life Cycle
Assessment Studies to Urban Material and Waste Composition, Meidad Kissinger et al., Scientific Research, Low
Carbon Economy, 2013, 4, 36-44
[2] Accounting for the Ecological Footprint of Materials in Consumer Goods at the Urban Scale,
Meidad Kissinger et al., Sustainability 2013, 5, 1960-1973; doi:10.3390/su5051960
Gha/T = Giga hectares/ ton of
packaging material
7

8. Eco-impact study
TOTAL ENERGY, SOLID WASTES AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
FOR SOFT DRINK CONTAINERS
(per 100,000 Ounces of Soft Drink)
Energy Solid Waste Greenhouse Gases
(million BTU)
weight
(lbs) (volume cu yard) (CO2 equivalent lbs)
Aluminum Can 16.0 767 0.95 2766
Glass Bottle 26.6 4457 2.14 4848
PET Bottle 11.0 302 0.67 1125
Single-serving container systems used for soft drinks :
12 ounce Aluminum Can
8 ounce Glass Bottle
20 ounce PET Bottle
Franklin Associates, USA (www.fal.com) conducted LCI on behalf of PETRA (PET
Resin Association)
PET is the most eco-friendly packaging option 12

9. Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards
Circular Economy
9

10. Global Flows of “Packaging” Plastics
Source: The New Plastics
Economy, Rethinking the future of
plastics, WEF, 2016
4% Process
Losses
8%
Cascaded
Recycling
2% Closed-
loop
recycling
98% Virgin
Feedstock
40%
Landfilled
78 Million
Tonnes
(Annual Prodution)
32%
leakage
14% collected for
Recycling
10
1 Closed-loop recycling: Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-
quality application
2 Cascaded recycling: Recycling of plastics into other, lower-value
applications
Source: Project Mainstream analysis – for details please refer to the
extended version of the report available on the website of the Ellen
MacArthur Foundation: www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org
14% Incineration and/
or Energy Recovery

11. 11
Jambeck et
al.,
Science,
2015
Plastic waste leakage – from land into
oceans

12. India is moving to the red zone L
12
Jambeck, J.R., Andrady, A., Geyer, R., Narayan, R., Perryman, M., Siegler, T., Wilcox,
C., Lavender Law, K. ,
(2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean, Science, 347, p. 768-771.
Plastic waste leakage – a Global mapping

13. 13
Section 2 :
Sustainability
Framework for
Plastics

14. The discussion at WEF, Davos, 27th Jan 2016
14

15. 15
1. Industry-led or reduce demand
2. Green Engineering, Circular Economy
3. Reusable items, Sharing/Collaborative Economy
4. Context-sensitive Solid Waste management Infrastructure (Collect,
Capture, Contain)
5. Litter Capture and Clean-up
Mitigation Strategies
Jambeck, J.R., et al. ,
Plastic waste inputs from land into
the ocean,
Science, (2015) 347, p. 768-771.

16. Plastics Recycling : Options for value recovery
16

17. 17
PLASTICS: Production, Waste & Waste treatment -
EU, 2011
• Plastics production in the
EU27, Norway and
Switzerland in 2011
Vs
• Amount of post-consumer
waste of plastics
Vs
• Share of different
waste-management
modes

18. 18
April 2015 Report, Section 35,
p. 18
35. What kinds of plastics are used for food
handling and storage and are there any
health hazards of using it?
Plastic packaging plays a signification role in the shelf
life and ease of storage and cooking for many foods
and most are safe to use provided that they are used
appropriately.
1. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used to make
soft drink, water, sports drink, ketchup, and
salad dressing bottles, and peanut butter, pickle
jelly and jam jars. It is strong, heat resistant and
resistant to gases and acidic foods. It can be
transparent or opaque. Not known to leach any
chemicals that are suspected of causing cancer
or disrupting hormones and it can be recycled.
2. High density polyethylene (HDPE) ……
3. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) …..
4. Polypropylene (PP) …..
5. Polycarbonate ……
In addition, polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) are also used during food material
transportation and handling in supermarkets.
Modern food safe plastic bags are plasticizer-free
and will not release harmful chemicals into your food
while it is being cooked.
WHO Report: Safety and
Recyclability of PET/plastics

19. Plastics Recycling Approaches
19
U.S. - EPA GoI - CPCB
1° Primary recycling
Pre-consumer industrial scrap
To form new packaging
Primary recycling
Processing into products with similar
characteristics to original product
2° Secondary recycling
Post-consumer
Physical reprocessing (grinding &
melting)
Reformation
Secondary recycling
Processing into products with different
characteristics to original product
3° Tertiary recycling
Post-consumer
Chemical recycling to isolate components
Reprocessed for use in manufacture
Tertiary recycling
Production of basic chemicals and fuels
Quaternary recycling
Retrieval of energy by burning/
incineration

20. Recycling of Plastics - Global Regulations
EU
• EU 282/2008
• On recycled plastic materials and articles intended for food contact
• Regulation of 27 March 2008
USA
• USFDA
• Guidance for Industry: Use of Recycled Plastics in Food Packaging:
Chemistry Considerations
• Aug, 2006
JAPAN
• Recycling of Plastics Container & Packaging Recycling Law, 1995
• Consolidated (2006-06-15)
20

21. Ø Recycling of Plastics, BIS -
PCD 12:7
Ø Indian Standards
• IS 14534
‘Guidelines for the recovery
and recycling of plastics
waste’
• IS 14535
‘Recycled plastics for the
manufacturing of products
– Designation’
21
Plastic Waste
Management Rules, 2016
MoE, F and CC
• Registration
• EPR
• Responsibilities of the
ULB
• Street vendors
• Segregation &
recycling as per IS
14534:1998
• Annual Reports by all
organized stakeholders
Recycling of Plastics - Indian Regulations

22. Post-
Consumer
Waste &
Collection
Municipal
Solid
Waste
Segregatio
n
Municipal Solid Waste – Indian cities
60,000 MT/day in 300 class I cities
• Wet compostable waste 38%
• Inert waste 49%
• Paper & Paperboard waste 6%
• Plastics waste 4%
22 Contrary to created perception, plastics constitute the lowest litter
Waste Statistics in Indian cities

23. • Recycling is a prime mode for
achieving sustainability of plastics
• In India, ~3500 organized and ~4000
unorganized plastic recycling units
• Most plastics (PET, PE, PVC, PP, PS)
are recycled via mechanical route
• Recycling of plastics ~3.6 MnTPA,
provides employment to ~ 1.6 million
people
(0.6 million directly, 1 million
indirectly)
Managing of Plastics waste : the India story
Sustainability Best Practices
23 Paving our way towards a ‘Cleaner and Greener’ nation

24. Section 3:
Practices &
Innovations for
Management of
Plastics waste
PLASTICS ARE THE MOST RECYCLABLE OF MATERIALS 24

25. PET– Sustainable Solutions for Waste
Management (1)
25
Value chain for PET recycling already exists and country has enough capacity for recycling of
PET

26. 26
Environmental care: Institutionalised by the PET industry
PET– Sustainable Solutions for Waste
Management (2)
www.petrecycling.in
is a dynamic website.
FIRST QUANTITATIVE
STUDY !!

27. 27
Miscreants damage
machines installed this
month at Western
Railway stations
Vedika Chaubey, Mumbai
MARCH 27, 2017
Less than a month after they were
installed, two machines that crush
plastic bottles have been damaged.
Western Railway officials said the
machines at Bandra and Andheri
stations were tampered with when
miscreants tried to steal cameras and
speakers fitted on them.
Wockhardt Foundation had installed
the bottle crushers at a cost of Rs 7
lakh each at 10 stations, including
Churchgate, Santacruz, Goregaon
and Borivali, on the western
suburban railway line. The company
has spent nearly Rs 30,000 to repair
the machines.
BU
T
Waste Collection : efforts to incentivise

28. 28
The Hindu
Chennai Edition
Sunday, March 26, 2017,
p11
Waste Collection : Utilisation for commercial
enterprise

29. 29
Fabric from Plastic
Reliance Industries , Arora Fibres
Liquid Gold
VA Tech Wabag
Green Power
Hanjer Biotech Energies
Towering Heights
Microqual Techno
Cleaning E-Wasteland
Cerebra Integrated Technologies
Waste Collection : New age alchemists

30. www.patpert.in
30
FUEL ON WHEELS at the wari : 350kg of plastics waste collected and processed
Innovations in Waste collection of plastics

31. Technical:
• Improved barrier properties
• Printability
Environmental:
• Oxodegradable
• Biodegradabale
• Bio-compostable
• Bacterium that eats PET : Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6, Kyoto Univ,
11 May 2016
• Enzyme based treatments of plastic waste
Modifications to polymer chemistry
31
Innovations in plastics - Reduced usage & post-
use phases
Increasing global consumption and disposal: A need to accept the right alternatives

32. 32
Bio-based plastics
• Bio-based plastics undergo
decomposition in a specified
period under composting
conditions in industrial
facilities
• Made from biomass/avocado
seeds, they degrade naturally
• Some commercial examples:
• PLA (Poly Lactic Acid)
• PHA (Poly
Hydroxyalkanoates)
• Bio PTT (PolyTrimethylene
Terephthalate)
• 40% energy savings in
production vis-à-vis their
petrochemical counterparts
The Edible Water Bottle:
Ooho!
• Launched in Berlin in Sep 2015
• This is the first project of
Skipping Rocks Lab, a London-
based startup co-founded by
Rodrigo Garcia Gonzalez,
Guillaume Couche and Pierre
Paslier.
• Encapsulates water within a
double gelatinous membrane
using the culinary technique of
spherification
• A new alternative packaging-
simple, cheap, resistant,
hygienic, biodegradable and
even edible
Click here to see a
video -
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=-
J68mz2agIA#t=1316/11/2015
Convenience of plastics, while limiting the environmental impact
Innovations in plastics – Reduced petchem usage
& post-use

33. Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE, sewerages 33
Waste Collection : stop before it enters water
bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process
on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting, 13-17 June 2016
J. Jambeck,
Associate Professor of Environmental
Engineering,
Univ. of Georgia
Floating
debris
Sinkable debris

34. From MIT USA TO A DUMPYARD IN PUNE
23 year old Sidhant Pai making 3D printer filaments from waste plastics.
www.protoprint.in
A Social Impact with your 3D Printing
The filament is produced by waste-pickers at the garbage dump. Your
purchase generates real value at the base of the pyramid
34 Filaments for 3D printing from waste plastics
Plastics Waste – align with new age technolgies

35. 35
Govt labs can play a vital role in
innovations
Innovations in plastics waste utilisation

36. 36
Plastics in Roads
• The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tar.
• The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the
road.
• The entire process is much more eco-friendly
than plastic being recycled since no toxic fumes
are vented.
Plastone Blocks
• Made from a mixture of waste plastic and
stones/granite waste/ceramic waste
• Withstands more pressure and resist water
percolation
• Many advantages over conventional blocks of
cement
Prof. R. Vasudevan,
Dean, Department of Chemistry,
Thiagarajar College of Engineering.
Plastics Waste in Road-making: The Indian Story
The “Plastic Man” of India
Gov has now mandated the use of 20% plastics-waste in road construction

37. 37
Plastics Waste in Road-making:
The European efforts

38. Did you
know?
Plastic Films
increases a
cucumber’s
shelf-life by
14
days
Section 4 :
Plastics waste management : Challenges
ahead

39. 39
POPULATION GROWTH RATES:
• 1800 = 1 billion
(3X) Increase @ 80 years
per billion
• 1960 = 3 billion
(2X) Increase @ 13 years
per billion
• 2000 = 6 billion
Increase @ 13 years
per billion (2.1%)
• 2012 = 7 billion
Increase @ 2% per year
• 2016 = 7.4 billion
Increase @ 2% per year
• 2025 (est) = 8 billion
• 2050 (est) = 10 billion
• Source : UN World Population data (2012)
Huge increase in OVERALL consumption and disposal

40. 40
Established
knowledge
• Annual growth
~9% (currently .260
Mt/year)
• ~8% of world oil
production is used
• ~33% used for
disposable items
of packaging
Concerns &
uncertainty
• Is our usage of
hydrocarbons for
plastics
sustainable?
• Biopolymers -
• To what extent
they can replace
oil-based plastics?
• Is land available
for production of
biomass?
Recommendations
• Increase/incentivize material reduction & reuse
• Extensive LCAs
• Develop
alternative
monomers,
polymers and
additives using
green chemistry
approaches
• Standards &
labelling of
recyclable,
‘degradable’,
‘biodegradable’
Challenges in Waste Management : Plastics Production
Adapted from:
Review. Plastics, the environment and human health R. C. Thompson et al., Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2009) 364, 2153–
2166

41. 41
Established
knowledge
• Domestic and
industrial wastes in
landfill
• Recycling of some
polymers (e.g. PET)
increased
considerably, but not
for all plastics
• Biodegradable plastics
can compromise
recycling – need
industrial composting
(not readily
degradable in landfills)
Leaching of chemicals
from plastics in landfill
• Degradability/
environmental fate of
additives used in
biodegradable
polymers?
Recommendations
• Increase/incentivize
product design for:
• Use of recycled
feedstock
• Increased end-of- life
recyclability
• Innovations in collection
& separation of plastic
waste
• Investment in/incentivize
• Standardize labelling &
other identifiers
• Research and
monitoring of leachates
from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management : Plastics Disposal

42. 42
Challenges in Waste Management : Post-use
fate of Plastics
Established
knowledge
• plastic debris present
in marine habitats,
incl. poles and deep
sea
• plastic debris is
increasing/stabilizing
(not declining)
• plastic debris is
fragmenting into
micro-plastics (<20
mm)
Concerns &
Uncertainty
• Mechanism of formation
of micro-plastics not
fully understood
• rates of accumulation of
debris on land, in
freshwaters and in
deep-sea are not certain
• do biodegradable or
compostable plastics
degrade in natural
habitats?
Recommendations
• education, engagement &
enforcement for:
• use of used plastics as
feedstock for recycling
• Prevention of
wasteful & adverse
ecological effects
• cleaning programmes
in natural, urban and
industrial locations
• develop standard
protocols to monitor plastic
debris
• research on breakdown of
degradable &
biodegradables
Adapted from: Review. Plastics, the environment and human health R. C. Thompson et al., Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2009) 364, 2153–
2166

43. Life Cycle Assessment
Definition:
• “Compilation and
evaluation of the inputs,
outputs and the potential
environmental impacts of a
product system throughout
its life cycle”
• This establishes an
environmental profile of
the system!
ISO = International
Organization for
Standardization
Ensures that an LCA is
completed
in a certain way.
WHAT CAN BE DONE
WITH LCA?
1. Product or project
development and
improvement
2. Strategic planning
3. Public policy making
4. Marketing and eco-
declarations
www.davidreport
.com
43

44. RawMaterial
Acquisition
Material
Processing
Manufacture
&Assembly
Use &
Service
Retirement
& Recovery
Treatment
Disposal
open-loop
recycle
reuse
remanufacture
closed-loop recycle
M, E
W W W W W
M, E M, E M, E M, EM, E
W
M, E = Material and Energy inputs to process and distribution
W = Waste (gas, liquid, or solid) output from product, process, or
distribution
Material flow of product
component
44
LCA = Materials+Energy+Water+Land usage vs
Emissions+Wastage+Hazards
LCA, an overall indicator of the eco-footprint

45. Plastics – boon to mankind
As we approach the 10 billion population mark
• Pressure on land for food vs fuel vs fibre vs packaging material
• Water security challenges
• Increasing aspirations – for hygiene, modern materials
PET/Plastics helps civilizational progress:
• Lowest ecological footprint compared to paper, textiles, glass or metals
• Safest – no leaching
• Most convenient (non-fragile, lighter, versatile, cost-effective)
• Recyclable
• Amenable to innovations
• Releases land for much needed requirements of food
Plastics: Release land for food and meet the increasingly aspirational society
45

46. Food Packaging: Per Capita Spend and Industry
Trend
Indian Packaged Food Spend (Per
capita)
46
Growth of plastics for food packaging in sync with the GoI’s plans for increase in
PLASTIC goods

47. Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the “5Rs” in Plastics Usage …
Redesign

48. 48
1) Need for smaller packages
• sachets, pouches for shampoos, gutkhas, etc.
2) Lack of civic sense
• Littering
3) Pilferage of public conveniences
Probably nowhere else in the world
Peculiar challenges in India
So, India will have to find its own solutions for waste management

49. 49
Sustainability
pillar
Stakeholder Involved
REDUCE Industry Govt
REUSE Industry Govt
Citizens &
NGOs
RETRIEVE Industry Govt
Citizens &
NGOs
R&D
·
RECYCLE
Industry Govt R&D
·
RECOVER
Industry Govt R&D
REDESIGN
Govt R&D
SUSTAINABILITY ASSURANCE : OVERVIEW

50. 50
REDUCE
• Develop newer applications that deliver more benefits per capita consumption and reach more
citizens
REUSE
• Set up units for converting into Plastones, Roads, Tiles, Garden Furniture
RETRIEVE
• Integrate incentivisation for return of plastic goods
• Educate the citizens
• Dialogues & support the Govt.
RECYCLE-CASCADE
• Support recycling efforts by integrating the waste-management network in the
Supply chain
• Bottle-to-textiles conversion
RECYCLE-CLOSED LOOP
• Support recycling efforts by integrating the waste-management network in the
Supply chain
• Bottle-to-bottle conversion
RECOVER
• Use plastics waste as fuels (in boilers/kilns)
MATERIAL
RECOVERY
SUSTAINABILITY ASSURANCE : ROLE OF INDUSTRY

51. 51
RETRIEVE
• Product design
(size, shape, thickness, identification)
RECYCLE-CASCADE
• Product chemistry, especially for multicomponent plastics
RECYCLE-CLOSED LOOP
• Product chemistry, especially for multicomponent plastics
RECOVER
• Develop platforms for bio-fuels, bio-refineries
• Develop technologies for benign incineration
MATERIAL
RECOVERY
REDESIGN
• Develop manufacturing technologies that integrate Product design & product chemistry that
allows the 4Rs
• Develop newer routes to making municipal dumps benign (e.g. enzymes)
• Develop newer routes to making marine leaks benign (e.g. bacteria)
GENERAL
• Develop newer routes to reducing stress on landfills
SUSTAINABILITY ASSURANCE : ROLE OF R&D
INSTITUTES

52. GENERAL
• Encouragement for providing and implementing composting in housing societies
• Engagement with world bodies
• Engaging with Research institutes 52
REDUCE
• Norms for reaching more citizens, but no increase in per capita consumption
REUSE
• Educative campaigns in places of learning and in public space
• Incentivisation of housing societies for Reusage of plastics
RETRIEVE
• Installations for capture and containment of waste
• Policies and implementation of plastic waste from public places (e.g. malls, wedding halls, corporates,
stations, rallies)
• Policies for IMPLEMENTABLE plastic waste management (PWM-2016)
• EPR
• Penalising littering
MATERIAL RECOVERY & ENERGY RECOVERY
• Policy for mandatory use of recycled plastics in various applications
REDESIGN
• Engage with International bodies
• Engage with Indian plastics industry
SUSTAINABILITY ASSURANCE : ROLE OF
GOVERNMENT

53. 53 53
RETRIEVE
• Disciplined Waste handling
(segregation at source, dumping &/or disposing)
• Use of Waste bins
• Use of designated Waste bins
• No littering
REUSE
• Enlightened citizenship (awareness and implementation)
• Develop novel ways for meeting daily needs
• Packaging over packaging over packaging
SUSTAINABILITY ASSURANCE : ROLE OF CITIZENS &
NGOs

54. Materials of convenience
should not become
materials of nuisance
Used-material is not waste –
it is a raw material
54
• Growing population, growing consumption needs to be matched with
growing responsibility
• New materials will need new discipline/governance

55. 55
Innovation and Sustainability in Plastics = drivers for new economy and clean
India
THAN
K YOU

56. The
Circular Economy
in the
Asia Pacific Region
www.circularecconomyasia.org