Introducing the OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set

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The CRS is a set of generic attack detection rules for use with ModSecurity or compatible web application firewalls that saw a new major release in November 2016 (3.0 -> CRS3). CRS is the 1st line of defense against web application attacks like those summarized in the OWASP Top Ten and all with a minimum of false alerts. This talk demonstrates the installation of the rule set and introduces the most important groups of rules. It covers key concepts like anomaly scoring and thresholds, paranoia levels, stricter siblings and the sampling mode. The important handling of false positives is also covered as well as pre-defined lists of rule exclusions for popular web applications helping to avoid false positives. This presentation was delivered at AppSecEU 2017 in Belfast.

Internet

Christian Folini / @ChrFolini
Introducing the OWASP ModSecurity
Core Rule Set 3.0

Defense in Depth • 1st
Line of Defense
Seat Belts

The Plan for Today
• Sampling Mode
• Handling of False Positives
• Predefined Rule Exclusions
• Important Groups of Rules
• Anomaly Scoring / Thresholds
• Paranoia Levels / Stricter Siblings
• What is a WAF / what is ModSecurity?
• What is the Core Rule Set 3.0 (CRS3)
• Installation (Demo)
• Burp Research Results

WAF SETUPS
Naïve • Overwhelmed • Functional

ModSecurity
Embedded • Rule-Oriented • Granular Control

Installation
Include in server config (depending on path):
Include /etc/httpd/modsec.d/owasp-modsecurity-
crs/crs-setup.conf
Include /etc/httpd/modsec.d/owasp-modsecurity-
crs/rules/*.conf
Clone the repository:
$> git clone
https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs
Copy the example config:
$> cp crs-setup.conf.example crs-setup.conf

Redir.:
RFI:
LFI:
XSS:
SQLi:
CRS3
Default Install
Redir.:
RFI:
LFI:
XSS:
SQLi:
0%
0%
-100%
-82%
-100%
Research based on
4.5M Burp requests.

Important Groups of Rules
REQUEST-910-IP-REPUTATION.conf
REQUEST-911-METHOD-ENFORCEMENT.conf
REQUEST-912-DOS-PROTECTION.conf
REQUEST-913-SCANNER-DETECTION.conf
REQUEST-920-PROTOCOL-ENFORCEMENT.conf
REQUEST-921-PROTOCOL-ATTACK.conf
REQUEST-930-APPLICATION-ATTACK-LFI.conf
REQUEST-931-APPLICATION-ATTACK-RFI.conf
REQUEST-932-APPLICATION-ATTACK-RCE.conf
REQUEST-933-APPLICATION-ATTACK-PHP.conf
REQUEST-941-APPLICATION-ATTACK-XSS.conf
REQUEST-942-APPLICATION-ATTACK-SQLI.conf
REQUEST-943-APPLICATION-ATTACK-SESS-FIX.conf
REQUEST-949-BLOCKING-EVALUATION.conf
Rules Targetting the Request

Important Groups of Rules
RESPONSE-950-DATA-LEAKAGES.conf
RESPONSE-951-DATA-LEAKAGES-SQL.conf
RESPONSE-952-DATA-LEAKAGES-JAVA.conf
RESPONSE-953-DATA-LEAKAGES-PHP.conf
RESPONSE-954-DATA-LEAKAGES-IIS.conf
RESPONSE-959-BLOCKING-EVALUATION.conf
Rules Targetting the Response

Anomaly Scoring
Adjustable Limit • Blocking Mode • Iterative Tuning

Redir.:
RFI:
LFI:
XSS:
SQLi:
0%
0%
-100%
-82%
-100%
CRS3
Default Install
Research based on
4.5M Burp requests.

Paranoia Levels
Paranoia Level 1: Minimal amount of False Positives
Basic security
Paranoia Level 2: More rules, fair amount of FPs
Elevated security level
Paranoia Level 3: Specialised rules, more FPs
Online banking level security
Paranoia Level 4: Insane rules, lots of FPs
Nuclear power plant level security

Paranoia Levels
Paranoia Level 1: 31 rules
Paranoia Level 2: 7 rules
Paranoia Level 3: 1 rule
Paranoia Level 4: 4 rules
Example: Protocol Enforcement Rules

Stricter Siblings
Paranoia Level 1:
Rule 920270: Full ASCII range without null character
Paranoia Level 2:
Rule 920271: Full visible ASCII range, tab, newline
Paranoia Level 3:
Rule 920272: Visible lower ASCII range without %
Paranoia Level 4:
Rule 920273: A-Z a-z 0-9 = - _ . , : &
Example: Byte Range Enforcement

Sampling Mode
• Define sampling percentage n
• Only n% of requests are funnelled into CRS3
• 100%-n% of requests are unaffected by CRS3
Limit CRS Impact During Proof of Concept

False Positives
• Fight FPs with Rule Exclusions
• Follow Tutorials at https://www.netnea.com
• Download Cheetsheet from Netnea
False Positives will haunt you from PL2

Predefined Rule Exclusions
Currently Supported:
• Wordpress (Default install)
• Drupal (Core)
In the Queue:
• Typo3 (Default Install)
• Piwik (Default Install)
… contributions welcome!
Enable Rule Exclusions for Specific Applications

Roundup CRS3
• 1st
Line of Defense against web attacks
• Generic set of blacklisting rules for WAFs
• Prevents 80% of web attacks with minimal FPs
• Gives you granular control on indiv. parameters

Q&A CRS3 Christian Folini
Contact me at: christian.folini@netnea.com
@ChrFolini
ModSecurity / CRS Tutorials: https://www.netnea.com
ModSecurity / CRS Courses: https://feistyduck.co.uk
ModSecurity Handbook: https://feistyduck.co.uk
Voucher for book (40% of release price): AppSecEU

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The presentation of the talk "Solid Pods Vs Personal Knowledge Graphs: Similarities and Differences" that was given by the PhD researcher Eleni Ilkou, in the 2nd Solid Symposium. Abstract: Solid Pods and Personal Knowledge Graphs are pioneering constructs within the Semantic Web community, each offering unique avenues for empowering individuals in the digital realm. Solid Pods stand as decentralized bastions of data control which grant users unprecedented authority over their digital presence, ensuring ownership, privacy and portability of personal data. Personal Knowledge Graphs infuse personal data and activity with contextual relevance, facilitating the synthesis and discovery of knowledge. This presentation aims to briefly reflect on the main similarities and differences among the Solid Pods and Personal Knowledge Graphs.

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