salamanders reptiles Chordata Classification of Salamander Urodela Vertibrata Habit and Habitat of salamander External Morphology of salamander Digestive System of salamander Respiratory System of salamander Circulatory System of salamander lifespan of salamander Adaptations of salamander Conservation status of salamander Reproductive system of salamander life cycle of salamander evolutionary significance of salamander

1. Amazing Salamanders
Submitted To – Dr... Poonam Rani
Submitted By – Chirag Dhankhar
!4496

2. Chordata
Chordata is an animal kingdom phylum
that comprises a diverse range of
animals, including humans. All animals
belonging to the Phylum Chordata have
a notochord at some point throughout
their lives.

3. General Features Of
Chordata
At some point during their lives, all
chordates have three distinguishing
features. These three basic morphological
characteristics include the following:
1. A tubular or hollow dorsal nerve cord
2. A notochord-like longitudinal support rod
3. Slits in the pharyngeal gills
These are the three distinguishing
characteristics of chordates are so
essential that they stand out from
other phyla deserves its own brief
summary.

4. CLASSIFICATION
OF
CHORDATA

5. Classification of Salamander
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertibrata
Superclass Gnathostomata
Class Amphibia
Order Urodela
Genus Salamander

6. Geographical Distribution
Geographical Distribution

7. Geographical Distribution
Salamander, (order Caudata), any
member of a group of about 740
species of amphibians that have tails
and that constitute the order Caudata.
The order comprises 10 families,
among which are newts and
salamanders proper (family
Salamandridae) as well as hellbenders,
mud puppies, and lungless
salamanders. They most commonly
occur in freshwater and damp
woodlands, principally in temperate
regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

8. Habit and Habitat
Salamanders feed on insects, worms, snails, and other small
animals, including members of their own species. Like other
amphibians, they absorb water through their skin, and they require
a moist habitat. In regions where the temperature goes below
freezing, they often hibernate.
Most adult salamanders hide by day and feed by night. Some
remain hidden underground until the breeding season, or they may
emerge only when levels of moisture and temperature are
appropriate. Many species, especially in the family Plethodontidae,
are strictly terrestrial and avoid ponds and streams.

9. External Morphology
Completely terrestrial Abundant
5.7-12.7 cm
Redback phase is gray or black body
with a red stripe down its back
Leadback phase lacks the red stripe
Belly is mottled white and gray
16 to 19 costal grooves
5 toes on hind feet, 4 on front
Male and female identical in
appearance

10. Digestive System
After an amphibians eats, the food flows from
its mouth to its esophagus to its stomach.
Digestion begins in the stomach of an
amphibian. Food then moves to the small
intestine, where enzymes from the pancreas
start the digestion process.
From the small intestine, nutrients from the
food are absorbed into the bloodstream and
delivered to body cells.
Food moves from the small intestine to the
large intestine before waste is eliminated.
Digestive waste enters the cloaca before it
exits the body.

11. The respiratory organs among various salamander species
come in three different forms. Aquatic salamanders
typically breathe through a set of gills. Some of them
feature internal gills that receive dissolved oxygen via gill
slits. Others feature external gills that flare out like a set of
tiny wings, while still others feature a combination of
internal and external gills. Many terrestrial salamanders
breathe oxygen via a set of regular, internal lungs.
However, even most of these species breathe through gills
while in their larval forms.
The third type of salamander respiratory organ is actually
the skin; Plethodontidae, commonly known as lungless
salamanders, are the largest family of salamanders, and
every one of them simply absorbs oxygen through their
skin or membranes of the throat and mouth.
Respiratory System

12. Circulatory System
The system is known as a double but incomplete
circulatory system
The heart consists of two atria and one ventricle
Blood from both atria enters a single ventricle which
pumps the blood through the pulmocutaneous and
systemic circulation
The pulmocutaneous circulation delivers the
deoxygenated blood to the organs involved in gaseous
exchange
The systemic circulation carries the oxygenated blood to
the body tissues and the deoxygenated blood to the
right atrium

13. Lifespan
Salamanders have a very long life
expectancy, being able to live up to
20 years. However, this particular
condition can change if they’re living in
the wild.
Salamanders usually live in humid
environments, since they need to be
around wet surroundings in order to
survive.

14. Adaptations
salamanders found that the use of
lungs was no longer needed they now
conduct respiration through the pores
in their skin.
Tiger salamanders secret a slimy
substance coated all over their
bodies that is highly poisonous to
other animals.
If the breeding pond or pool dries up
the larvae will become cannibal
morphs

15. Conservation status
Conservation Status The Pacific Giant
Salamander is a rare species due to several
factors, the most important of which are limited
range, human activities, severe weather, and
predation. The Pacific Giant Salamander is
protected from killing or collecting under the
Wildlife Act in British Columbia.
Serve as bioindicators
Impacted by clear cutting, fungal diseases, acid
rain
Do best in closed canopy forests

16. In most salamander species, breeding
involves the male placing a sperm packet
called a spermatophore on the ground or
on debris in a pool. The female inserts it
into her cloaca to fertilize her eggs, which
she may attach to sticks and leaves or
under rocks. Some species guard their
eggs from predators until they hatch.
Reproductive System

17. Life Cycle
Typical salamanders undergo a larval
stage that lasts for a period of a few
days to several years. Larval forms
have external gills and teeth in both
jaws and lack eyelids. These and
other larval features may persist into
sexual maturity—a condition known as
heterochrony. A mud puppy (Necturus
maculosus) of eastern North America
and the axolotl (Ambystoma
mexicanum) of central Mexico are
common species that exhibit this
phenomenon.

18. Evolutionary Significance
The earliest amphibians evolved in the Devonian
period from sarcopterygian fish with lungs and
bony-limbed fins, features that were helpful in
adapting to dry land.
They diversified and became dominant during the
Carboniferous and Permian periods, but were
later displaced by reptiles and other vertebrates.
No one knows what the first amphibian was.

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