The document provides background information on the Mycenaean civilization that existed during the late Bronze Age in Greece, including details about the Trojan War. It summarizes the plot of the 2004 film Troy, noting that Helen of Sparta left her husband Menelaus for Paris of Troy, sparking the Trojan War. It then lists the 10 main characters in the film and provides a brief description of the significant scene involving the Trojan Horse. Finally, it introduces the Mycenaean civilization and provides a basic timeline of ancient Greece.

1. MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION
TROY - GREECE

2. TROY (2004)
During the late Bronze Age, Helen of Sparta becomes Helen of
Troy when she leaves her husband Menelaus for a prince of
Troy named Paris. Menelaus asked his brother, Agamemnon,
king of Mycenae, to help him get his wife back. Agamemnon
sees this as an opportunity for expanding his power and
ignites the Trojan War.

3. 10 MAIN CHARACTES
IN TROY
Achilles
Greatest warrior in
Trojan War
Hector
Prince of Troy, a
Trojan hero & warrior
Paris
Prince of Troy
Helen
Wife of Menelaus;
Run away with Paris
Agamemnon
King of Mycenae
Briseis
Lover of Achilles;
cousin of the
Trojan princes
Priam
King of Troy
Menelaus
King of Sparta
Andromache
Wife of Hector
Odysseus
Leader in Trojan
War

4. SIGNIFICANT
SCENE
- Idea of Odysseus
- Unable to defeat the Trojans without
deception, the Greeks finally decide to bring
soldiers into the city inside a wooden horse and
they bring the victory.
TROJAN
HORSE

5. INTRODUCTION
ANCIENT GREEK

6. BASIC TIMELINE OF
ANCIENT GREECE
HELLENISTIC
(323 – 31 BC)
-Spreading of Greek
culture
MYCENAEAN
AGE
(1600 – 1100 BC)
- Trojan war
ARCHAIC AGE
(750 – 500 BC)
- The Olympic
- Rise of city states
- Re-established of the
use of written language
CLASSICAL AGE
(500 – 323 BC)
-Golden age
- Persian War
- Aristotle & Plato
- Democracy
MINOAN AGE
(3000 – 1600 BC)
- Development of
art and architecture
DARK AGE
(1050 – 750 BC)
-Time of wandering
and killing
- Overseas trade
stopped
BRONZE
AGE

7. MYCENAEAN
AGE
(1600 – 1100 BC)
- Last phase of Bronze Age
- Name derives from the site of Mycenae in the
Peloponnese.
- Represents the first advanced civilization in mainland
Greece, with its palatial states, urban organization,
works of art and writing system.

8. WHAT DEVELOPED MYCENAEAN
CIVILIZATION ?
• Minoans were conquered by
the Mycenaean Greeks
• This conquest came at a weak period of
Minoan culture
• Many Minoan sites erupted.
• Allowed the Mycenaeans to overthrow
the Minoans and replace them as the
dominant culture of the region.
Conflict between
Mycenaeans and
Minoans
Volcanic eruption on
the island of Santorini
near Crete

9. MYCENAEAN
PEOPLE
• The Mycenaeans were among the first people to settle in Greece.
• They are not the first literate culture in the Greek world. Instead, that honour
goes to the Minoan people, from the island of Crete.
• They were not completely commercially minded. Instead, like so many other
ancient cultures, they thrived off of conquest.

10. DECLINE OF MYCENAEAN
CIVILIZATION
• Civil war
• Slave revolts
• A tribe from the north known as the Dorians invaded the
Peloponnesus
• Greece was subsequently thrown into a Dark Age
• The written Mycenaean language was completely
forgotten by the Greeks
• A massive reduction in settlement sites
• No more luxurious weapons and vases.
CAUSES
EFFECTS

11. GOVERNMENT
ANCIENT GREEK

12. THE FOUR GOVERNMENT
MONARCHY
ARISTOCRACY
OLIGARCHY
DEMOCRACY
2,000 B.C.
594 B.C.
By 500 B.C.
500 B.C. Onwards
• Rule by a King
• Hereditary
• Some by divine right
• Example: Mycenae
• Rule by nobles
• Hereditary
• Social status supports authority
• Example: Early Athens
• Rule by a few of powerful people
• Based on wealth or ability
• Ruler control over military
• Example: Sparta
• Rule by citizens
• Majority rule decides vote
• Example: Athens

13. MONARCHY(
2,000 B.C. )In the late Bronze age was monarchy.
The government system of the
Mycenaean was ruled by Kings
who monopolized, or acquired,
priestly functions. This means
that the kings also served as
the priests, which made it easier
the to declare themselves chosen
by gods. In a kingdom, as most
people know, the kings or in this
case, Wanax's were in charge.
They chose leaders Lawagetas
who were in charge of choosing
civilians for other positions,
and leading the army.

14. SOCIAL CLASSES OF MYCENAEA
CIVILIZATION THE KING
• Also served as the religious leader. His
power probably originated from hereditary
succession. This supreme monarch ruled
the state from the palace, he made laws
and determined the rate of taxes.
• Example : Agamemnon and Priam
LEADER OF THE ARMY
• His duties consisted in imposing the
order to the state and leading the
army in military operations. Various
craftsmen were employed under his
service. A different opinion suggests
that the Lawagetas was a kind of
prince with no military or other power.
• Example : Achilles , Paris and Hector
RELIGIOUS OFFICIALS
of the city
MILITARY
CAVALRY CLASS
WORKERS
Lawaget
a
Wanax
Telestas
Slaves
SLAVES
• Lowest class
with no
rights
Equetas
Quasireu

15. CULTURE
ANCIENT GREEK

16. GREEK
CULTURE
Traditions, religious practices, music, food are all integral part of the Greece
Culture. Large numbers of religions festivals are celebrated by the Greeks with
great enthusiasm.

17. -Greek food is famous world wide as it offers an array of delicacies.
The Greece cuisine reflects the Mediterranean style of cooking and
diet.
-Fruits and fresh vegetables play an important role in making some
of the most well flavored and colorful Greek delicacies.
GREEK
FOOD

18. Lamb meat is widely used in preparation of
Greek Foods, especially during the religious
festivals.
Lots of vegetables and fruits are preferred by the
Greeks.
LAMB
MEAT
Fruits are prepared during the dinner of celebration between
Sparta and Troy, especially grapes and apples.
Lamb meat is prepared during the celebration for bringing
peace between Sparta and Troy.

19. In the Mycenaean period, wine took on greater cultural, religious and economic
importance. Greeks embedded the arrival of winemaking culture in the mythologies of
Dionysus ( The Greek god of wine) and the cultural hero Aristaeus.
GREEK
WINE
Ancient wine bottle for keeping wine
When Hector and Paris returned back to Troy from Sparta,
both of them with their father, King of Troy were drink wine for
thank you to the God.
King Menelaus of Sparta using Greek wine to served everyone
including Prince Hector and Prince Paris during the dinner of
celebrate bringing peace between Sparta and Troy.
AMPHO
RA
TRO
Y

20. POUR
WINE
GREEK WINE
CULTURE
FESTI
VALFeast of the wine (me-tu-wo ne-wo) was a festival in Mycenaean Greece celebrating the
"month of the new wine.” Several festivals were held throughout the year in honour of
the God of wine.
Anthesteria marked
the opening of the wine
jars from the previous
autumn harvest.
Dionysin included
theatrical performances
of both comedies and
tragedies in honor of the
God of wine.
In Greek, they will pour the
wine to the ground to
honour the god for protect
them and their country.

21. BANQUET GATHERING
(Symposium)
The Symposium, along with the many decorations and foods that were there

22. BANQUET BETWEEN SPARTA
AND TROY
King Menelaus of Sparta, Prince
Hector and Prince Paris of Troy
were having a banquet for bring
peace between Sparta and Troy
at Sparta. They are sitting around
the long table and on the table
provides a lot of food and wine.
This banquet including dancing
and music for entertainments.

23. GREEK
MUSIC-Music was essential to pattern and
texture of Greek life, as it was an
important feature of religious festivals,
marriage and funeral rites and banquet
gatherings.
-A wide range of instruments were used
to perform music which was played on all
the manner of occasions.
-Greek people thought of music as a way
of honoring the gods, and making the
world a more human, civilized place.

24. Greek musicians played pipes, lyres, drums, and cymbals.
Pipes and drums were played in a loud, lively way, for dancing during the
banquet gathering between Sparta and Troy. They also play lyres which are
like small harps, and sounded something like a guitar.
Lyr
e
Karamou
dzes
Dao
uli
Cumb
us

25. CLOTHING IN
ANCIENT GREECE
CHITON
A simple tunic garment of
lighter linen that was worn
by both genders and all
ages. It consisted of a
wide, rectangular tube of
material secured along the
shoulders and upper arms
by a series of fasteners.
HIMATION
It was a basic outer
garment worn over
the peplo or chiton. It
consisted of a heavy
rectangular material,
passing under the left arm
and secured at the right
shoulder.
PEPLOS
A predecessor to
the himation,
the peplos was a square
piece of cloth that was
originally worn over the
chiton. The top third of the
cloth was folded over and
pinned at both shoulders,
leaving the cloth open
down one side.
CHLAMYS
Made from a
seamless rectangle
of woolen material
about the size of a
blanked , people
wore it by pinning a
fibulae on the right
shoulder.

26. CLOTHING IN
ANCIENT GREECECHIT
ON
This piece of cloth was popularly used both by men and
women in the ancient Greece as a sleeveless shirt, and was at
the height of its popularity. This rectangular piece of linen used
to be draped around in many different way – the most popular
way requiring fibulae to keep them in place on the shoulders
and a belt on the waist. Chiton were of two types – the Doric
Chiton and the Ionic Chiton.

27. Women and men typically wore
sandals, slippers, soft shoes,
or boots. Footwear have far
older history than the ancient
Greek civilization. While versatile
and stylish options began to
appear in the late Middle Ages,
the shoes of ancient Greece were
largely utilitarian.
CLOTHING IN
ANCIENT GREECE
Corthurnus Sandal
FOOTW
EAR

28. ANCIENT GREECE
JEWELLERYDifferent types of jewellery were produced in
the Ancient Greece-Necklaces, earrings,
pendants, pins, bracelets, armbands, thigh
bands, finger rings, wreaths, diadems, and
other elaborate hair ornaments. Jewellery
was usually decorated by floral, animal or
motives from Greek mythology (Aphrodite,
Eros, Nike, Heracles).
EARRINGS made of gold
DIADEM
BRACELET
MYCENAEAN GOLD BAND RING with a
stone
NECKLACE

29. CLOTHING OF
SOLDIER CORINTHIAN HELMET
•Made with Bronze
•Cover entire head and neck
with slits for the eyes and
mouth.
•Horse hair crest
is for aesthetic
purpose protection.
BREASTPLATE
•Made with Bronze and leather
•It is design to muscle cuirass in
order to fit the wearer.
SHIELD
•Made with layer of bronze,
wood or leather.
SWORD TYPE
•Spartan Xyili sword
•Mycenean Short sword
•Mahaira sword
GREAVE
•Made with layer of bronze to
protect legs
SPEAR
•Long ranged melee weapon
BOW AND ARROW
•Extreme long ranged shooting
weapon.
SOLDIER (
ARMOR)

30. MILITARY IN ANCIENT
GREECEATHENIAN MILITARY SPARTAN MILITARY
•Spartan is related to the words fearless,
harsh and cruel life as well as endurance.
•All males are trained to master austerity,
strength and fitness.
•If the baby is found to be weak such as born
diseased, he will left at Mount Taygetus till
death.
•All males must have intense physical and
military training since children state.
•Learn to use Phalanx formation tactic
(War Formation)
•Their infantries are called hoplite who has
basic training and they are primarily normal
citizens. ( farmers or artisans)
Phalanx formation
SOLDIER ( TRAINING
SYSTEM)

31. ANCIENT GREEK
FUNERAL
BELIEFS
Ancient Greek burial practices were highly regulated. The funeral allowed for the
surviving relatives to show the depth of their familial pride and the strength of their
kinship ties. It also provided an opportunity for families to display their wealth and
prove their status.
Ancient Greeks believed in gods and the afterlife.
While the underworld was known for its terror, it was
also a place of peace and pleasure for those who had
done right in their lives. One particular place is the
Elysian Fields—a green, pastured paradise.
Elysian Fields
TRADITIONS
Relatives of the deceased (primarily women) will conducted the elaborate burial rituals

32. 1st STAGE :
PROTHESIS
Female relatives of the
deceased would wash and oiled
the body before dressing it in an
ankle-length robe. It was then
dressed in the type of clothing
that befitted the deceased's
status in life.
The deceased's closest relative
will place a coin on the
deceased eyes as payment for
Charon to take him across the
River Styx.
It then was placed on a high
bier and displayed so that loved
ones could come and pay their
final respects.

33. FORMAL
MOURNING
MEN
The formal mourning period thus began during the prothesis. In general, there was a
distinction between the way men and women mourned.
• They wont show emotion and behaved
in a formal and detached manner.
• The male head of the family often
waited to greet guests some distance
from the body.
• Wear black armband
WOMEN
• Women will stood near the body, wailing
and gesturing wildly, including pulling at
their hair.
• The chief mourner was the mother or the
wife of the deceased. She stood near the
head and often held it in her hands in
grief.
• Wear black clothes.

34. 2ND STAGE :
EKPHORA
A few days after the
deceased had passed,
just before dawn the
body could have been
carried from the house
to the cemetery, which
would be at the edge of
the borders of the town
They will stop at some
intersections so that
the mourners could
attract a large amount
of public attention and
therefore it was an
honor for the
deceased.
Once at the grave, both
inhumation and
cremation were
practiced with varying
levels of popularity,
depending on the time
period and the
geographic location.
The families would
mark the grave with
tombs and marble
statues, so that their
loved one wouldn’t be
forgotten

35. 3RD STAGE :
PERIDEIPNON
After the Ekphora, they will held
a funeral party. This would be
performed in the home of the
deceased. It was held in honor
of the dead.
After the funeral, offerings were
made at the tomb on the third,
ninth and 30th days after death,
on the one-year anniversary
and during certain universal
festivals.
As with the funeral, the type
and structure of these offerings
were highly regulated. Offerings
included the sacrifice of
animals, the donation of food
and jewerly.

36. ANCIENT GREEK
RELIGION

37. ANCIENT GREECE
RELIGION
People also went to the temple to pray.
Very often Greek houses also had an altar in the courtyard where they made
offerings to the gods.
The Ancient Greeks were polytheists (they worshiped many gods).
Among the gods and goddesses were..
Aphrodite,
goddess of
beauty and love
Athena, goddess
of wisdom
Artemis, goddess
of hunting, the
moon and
childbirth
Ares god of war

38. THE TWELVE
OLYMPIANS GOD In the ancient Greek
religion and Greek
mythology, the Twelve
Olympians are the major
deities of the Greek
pantheon. Together they
presided over every
aspect of human life.
Although in general
Hades was excluded,
because he resided
permanently in the
underworld and never
visited Olympus.

39. ARTEMIS
Goddess of the Hunt
ATHENA
Goddess of Wisdom
and War
APPOLO
God of music,
light, prophecy
CRONUS RHEA
HADES
King of the underworld
POSEIDON
God of the sea
HESTIA
Goddess of the hearth
DEMETER
Goddess of harvest
ZEUS
King of the Gods
HERA
Queen of the Gods
ARES
God of War
DIONYSUS
God of the Vine
HERMES
Messenger of the gods,
god of trade
APHRODITE
Goddess of love
FAMILY
TREE

40. APOLLON (or Apollo) was the great Olympian god of
prophecy and oracles, healing, plague and disease,
music, song and poetry, archery, and the protection of
the young.
Apollo, through his statue,
hovers in the background of
many scenes set inside the
city.
APOL
LO

41. Priam is the most obvious believer as
he states repeatedly that this war is
the will of the gods and does not hold
Paris or Helen responsible for the war.
Priam tells Hector about a time when
he prayed to Apollo to save
him(Hector) and had his prayer
answered, while they are standing in
the temple.
His thinking that the gods directly influence human lives seems to be left-over
from another time.
Priam, is the mythical king of Troy
during the Trojan War
PRIA
M

42. From the Myrmidons sacking Apollo’s temple and killing the priests, to the decision
to attack the Greeks on the beach, to the decision to bring the Trojan Horse inside
Troy’s walls; each time a character places their lives in what they perceive to be
“the gods’ plans” they fall victims to their piety.
THE
MYRMIDON
S
The Myrmidons or Myrmidones (Greek:
Μυρμιδόνες) were a legendary people of
Greek history.
They were brave warriors, trained and
commanded by Achilles, as described in
Homer's Iliad.

43. ARCHITECTURE
ANCIENT GREEK

44. BUILDI
NGS
Greek architecture is a very
specific and influential type of
design, which was based off
of the post-and-lintel system.
The post-and-lintel system is
made up of columns, which
are large upright posts, with a
roof, or architrave, over the
top.

45. GREEK
TEMPLE
Column Capital
Column Shaft
Column Base
Pediments
Frieze
Pediments
Greek temple is based on pre-Hellenic Megaron
-rectangular plan
-longitudinal axes
Structure

46. COLUM
N
The Greeks created columns and architraves were carved with leaves and flowers.
(All of the columns are only used for temple)
Ionic columns is the thinnest
and smallest columns. and
the capitals at the top of the
columns are decorated with
scrolls and other patterns.
(the Ionic representing the
feminine)
Doric columns have no base
and the columns have a very
simple capital. So, Doric
buildings were the least
decorated. (Vitruvius
associated the Doric with
masculine virtues)
Corinthian order capitals
are even more elaborately
decorated, usually with
leaves and floral patterns

47. Temple of
Zeus at
Olympia
Doric order

48. Temple of
Artemis at
Ephesus
Ionic order

49. Temple of
Mars Ultor
Corinthian order

50. ANCIENT GREEK
LITERATURE

51. ILIAD, THEOGONY,
POETRY
The Iliad mentions or alludes to many of the Greek
legends about the siege; the earlier events, such as
the gathering of warriors for the siege, the cause of
the war. Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege
of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Greek
states, it tells of the battles and events.
Theogony(The genealogy or birth of the Gods) A poem by
Hesiod (8th – 7th century BC) describing the origins and
genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 700 BC.

52. ANCIENT GREEK
WRITING SYSTEM

53. WRITING
SYSTEM
It was derived from the earlier Phoenician
alphabet, and was the first alphabetic script
to have distinct letters for vowels as well as
consonants. It is the ancestor of the Latin
and Cyrillic scripts.

54. ANCIENT GREEK
TECHNOLOGY &
INVENTION

55. WARSHIPSMAPS
TROJAN HORSE CROSSBOW
COINS

56. MAP
Invented by WHO ?US
E
He was the first
scholar in Greek
Anaximander
An essential tools to define, explain, and
navigate way through the world.
The map was circular in form and showed the known lands of the world grouped
around the Aegean Sea at the center. This was all surrounded by the ocean.
CONC
EPTEarth is
• Cylindrical in shape
• Flat surface
• Round like a drum.
• Stays in equilibrium at the center of
the cosmos.

57. COINSThe first known coins were issued in either Lydia or
Ionia in Asia Minor. Beginning around 600 BC, each
Greek city-state invent its own kinds of coins
MADE
BY
ELECTRUM an alloy of gold and silver that was highly
prized and abundant in that area.
US
EGreek mercenaries wanted to be paid in precious metal at the conclusion of their time o
service, and wanted to have their payments marked in a way that would authenticate
them.

58. WARSHIPSPeople called the earliest Greek warships
Pentekontors. Pentekontors were long,
narrow ships, designed to go fast overtake
other ships and attack them during war.
US
EFor sea trade, piracy and warfare, capable
of transporting freight or troops.
There are 25 rowers or oarsmen
on each side.
MA
STA midship mast with sail could also propel the
ship under favourable wind.

59. TROJAN
HORSE
Greeks used that as a subterfuge to enter
the city of Troy and win Trojan war.
"Wooden Horse" (Δούρειος Ἵππος, Doúreios
Híppos, in theHomeric Ionic dialect).
To trick or stratagem that causes a target to
invite a foe into a securely protected bastion or place
US
E

60. HOW THEY USE
IT?
Greeks hide selected force
of men inside.
The Greeks pretended to
sail away
Trojans pulled the horse
into their city as a victory
trophy.
At night the Greek force
crept out of the horse and
opened the gates for the
rest of the Greek army.
The Greeks entered and
destroyed the city of Troy,
decisively ending the war.
1 2 3
4 5

61. GASTRAPH
ETES
One of the many effective siege weapons used
by Alexander the Great as he besieged Tyre
-(from Ancient Greek γαστραφέτης)
-English translation: "belly-releaser")
-a hand-held crossbow
US
E

62. Crossbowman cocking
the gastraphetes
Weapon was powered by a composite bow
1) The bow was
cocked by resting the
stomach in a
concavity at the rear
of the stock
In this way considerably more energy can be
summoned up than by using only one arm of the
archer as in the hand-bow
2) down with all
strength
HOW THEY
USE IT?

63. THE END
GOH XINGXIN . TAN CHIN WERNG . LEE JIA MIN . YUEN XUAN HUI . CHEAH MAN YEE .
TAN SHEN SIN . LAM ZI XUAN . WONG LIENG KAM . CHIAM SHIUN JIA . VAANARASU VASUDEVAN