Research Paper

1. La Salle University
Ozamiz City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
RESEARCH on PARENTING STYLES
(Academic Paper)
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in Ed 211
Submitted by
CHERYJEAN R. DIAZ
BSED-2

2. I. Introduction
Parenting Styles refers to the manner in which parents raise
their children. This can refer to the parents' levels of
expectations, performance demands, attentiveness to rules,
etc.,as well as the style of discipline that the parent's
utilize to enforce their expectations.
Parental control refers to the degree to which parents manage
their children’s behavior—from being very controlling to setting
few rules and demands. Parenting Styles Psychologist Diana
Baumrind (1971, 1991) identified four patterns of parenting
styles based upon two aspects of parenting behavior: control and
warmth. Parental warmth refers to the degree to which parents
are accepting and responsive of their children’s behavior as
opposed to being unresponsive and rejecting. When the two
aspects of parenting behavior are combined in different ways,
four primary parenting styles emerge:
 Authoritarian Parenting
In this style of parenting, children are expected to follow
the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow
such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents
fail to explain the reasoning behind these rules. If asked to
explain, the parent might simply reply, "Because I said so."
These parents have high demands but are not responsive to their
children.
 Authoritative Parenting
Like authoritarian parents, those with an authoritative
parenting style establish rules and guidelines that their
children are expected to follow. However, this parenting style

3. is much more democratic. Authoritative parents are responsive to
their children and willing to listen to questions. When children
fail to meet the expectations, these parents are more nurturing
and forgiving rather than punishing.
 Permissive Parenting
Permissive parents, sometimes referred to as indulgent
parents, have very few demands to make of their children. These
parents rarely discipline their children because they have
relatively low expectations of maturity and self-control.
According to Baumrind, permissive parents "are more responsive
than they are demanding. They are nontraditional and lenient, do
not require mature behavior, allow considerable self-regulation,
and avoid confrontation" (1991). Permissive parents are
generally nurturing and communicative with their children, often
taking on the status of a friend more than that of a parent.
 Uninvolved Parenting
An uninvolved parenting style is characterized by few demands,
low responsiveness, and little communication. While these
parents fulfill the child's basic needs, they are generally
detached from their child's life. In extreme cases, these
parents may even reject or neglect the needs of their children.
II. Results and Discussion
Table 1: Preferred Parenting Styles of Mrs. Gargar
Parenting
Styles
Number of
Questions
Total Score Mean
(Total
Score/Number of

4. Questions)
Authoritative 13 76 5.85
Authoritarian 13 32 2.46
Permissive 4 6 1.50
The table above shows that Mrs. Judicel D. Gargar, a mother of
2 children, uses Authoritative Parenting Style in managing the
behavior and raising her children. Mrs. Gargar encourages her
children to be independent while maintaining limits and controls
on their actions. She engages in discussions and debates with
her children, although ultimate responsibility resides with her.
Research demonstrates that children of authoritative parents
learn how to negotiate and engage in discussions. They
understand that their opinions are valued. As a result, they are
more likely to be socially competent, responsible, and
autonomous.
III. Conclusion and Recommendations
Conclusion
The present study concludes that Parenting Styles are
important to a child’s social adjustment and success. In many
situations, an authoritative parenting style is most
beneficial for a child’s social, intellectual, moral and
emotional growth.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of the present study, the following
recommendations are given:
1. Parents should use an Authoritarian Parenting Style
among the other styles for it has the best result in the
growth of the children in different aspects.

5. 2. Parents need to balance their time in looking after
their children and their works.
III. List of References
Books:
Bornstein MH. (2002). Handbook of Parenting. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Grusec JE, Hastings PD. (2006). Handbook of socialization:
Theory and research. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Corpuz, B.B. (2015). Child and Adolescent Development. Quezon
City, Metro Manila: Lorimar Publishing Inc.
Websites:
https://www.human.cornell.edu/pam/outreach/parenting/parents/upl
oad/Parenting-20Styles-20and-20Adolescents.pdf
https://www.verywell.com/parenting-styles-2795072
http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Parenting
%20Styles#ixzz47CMNkEFQ

6. 2. Parents need to balance their time in looking after
their children and their works.
III. List of References
Books:
Bornstein MH. (2002). Handbook of Parenting. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Grusec JE, Hastings PD. (2006). Handbook of socialization:
Theory and research. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Corpuz, B.B. (2015). Child and Adolescent Development. Quezon
City, Metro Manila: Lorimar Publishing Inc.
Websites:
https://www.human.cornell.edu/pam/outreach/parenting/parents/upl
oad/Parenting-20Styles-20and-20Adolescents.pdf
https://www.verywell.com/parenting-styles-2795072
http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Parenting
%20Styles#ixzz47CMNkEFQ