1. SEMINAR PRESENTATION
ON
“THERMAL POWER PLANT”
SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-
DEPARTMENT OF CHANDRA VEER SINGH
MECHANICAL ENGG. (AICE) ID:-11ME022
ANANDINTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

2. Contents
 Classification of power plants
 Introduction of thermal power plant
 Working principle
 Power plant layout
 Main and auxiliary Equipment's
 Advantages , disadvantages and limitations
 Choice of site for thermal plants
 Thermal power plants in Rajasthan
 Reference


3. Classification of power stations
 By fuels Fossil fuel power stations, nuclear power plants, geothermal
power plants,biomass power plants,
 By prime mover Steam turbine plants, gas turbine plants, combined
cycle plants,

4. Introduction
 A thermal power plant converts the heat energy of coal
into electrical energy. Coal is burnt in boiler which
converts water into steam. The expansion of steam in
turbine produces mechanical power which drives the
alternator coupled to the turbine.
 Steam power plants contribute about 65% of total
electrical energy generated in India.

5. Working on Rankine cycle

6. Layout of steam power plant:

7. comprises of following
circuits:
 Coal and ash circuit
 Air and gas circuit
 Feed water and steam flow circuit
 Cooling water circuit

8. Main and auxiliary Equipment :
 Coal handling plant
 Pulverizing plant
 Draft fans
 Boiler
 Ash handling plant
 Turbine
 Condenser
 Cooling tower and ponds
 Feed water heater
 Economizer
 Superheater and reheater
 Air preheater

9. Coal handling process
 Coal is transported to power station by rail or
road and stored in coal storage plant and then
pulverized.

Mine
m
Main
storage
yard
trucks
truck
hopper
(crusher)
m
storage
tank m
boiler m
ash
tank

10. Ash handling plant
 The ash from the boiler is collected in two forms-
 1 Bottom ash(slurry): it's a waste which is dumped into
ash pond
 2 fly ash: fly ash is separated from flue gases in esp.

11. Flow chart of Ash Handling:

12. Pulverizing plant
 In modern thermal power plant, coal is pulverized i.e. ground to dust like
size and carried to the furnace in a stream of hot air. Pulverizing is a
means of exposing a large surface area to the action of oxygen and
consequently helping combustion.
 Pulverizing process consists 3 stages classified as:
1. Feeding
2. Drying
3. Grinding

13. Boiler
 The function of boiler is to generate
steam at desired pressure and
temperature by transfering heat
produced by burning of fuel in a
furnace to change water into steam.
 The boiler is fed with HFO and LDO
initially to ignite the coal in boiler.
 Types of boiler
a. Water tube boiler
b. Fire tube boiler

14. TURBINE
 In thermal power plants generally 3 turbines
are used to increases the efficiency.
1. high pressure turbine
2. intermediate pressure turbine
3. low pressure turbine

15. condenser
 The surface condenser is a shell and tube heat
exchanger where cooling water flows through
tubes and exhaust steam fed into the shell
surrounds the tubes. as a result, steam
condense outside the tubes

16. Cooling tower and ponds
 A condenser needs huge quantity of water to condense
the steam.
 Most plants use cooled cooling system where warm
water coming from condenser is cooled and reused
 Cooling tower is a steel or concrete hyperbolic structure
with the height of 150m.

17. Feed water heater
 ADVANTGES
1. Feed water heating improves overall plant efficiency.
2. The dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide which known
as Deaeration.
3. Thermal stresses due to cold water entering the
boiler drum are avoided.
4. Quantity of steam produced by the boiler is increased.

18. Economizer
 Flue gases coming out of the boiler carry lot of heat. An economizer
extracts a part of this heat from flue gases and uses it for heating feed
water.
 Advantages
1. Saving coal consumption and higher boiler efficiency

19. Air preheater
 The function of air preheaters is to preheat the
air before entering to the furnace by utilizing
some of the energy left in the flue gases before
exhausting them to the atmosphere

20. Advantages and disadvantages

21. Selection parameters of
power plant
 Supply of fuel
 Availability of water
 Transportation facilities
 Type of land on the site
 Nearby to load centers
 Distance from populated area

22. limitations
 Generally The power plant limitations must be established so that
they do not exceed the corresponding limits for which the engines
or propellers are type certificated
 Takeoff operation. The power plant takeoff operation must be
limited by—
1. The maximum rotational speed (rpm);
2. The maximum allowable manifold pressure (for reciprocating
engines);
3. The maximum allowable gas temperature (for turbine engines)
 Continuous operation.
 Fuel grade or designation. The minimum fuel grade (for
reciprocating engines), or fuel designation (for turbine engines),
must be established so that it is not less than that required for the
operation of the engines within the limitations .

23. Thermal plants in Rajasthan
 Kota thermal power plant
 Suratgarh super thermal power plant
 Giral lignite thermal power plant
 Chhabra thermal power station
 Kalisindh thermal power project
 Ramgarh gas thermal power station
 Dholpur combined cycle power station

24. Kota thermal power plant

25. Sanction of schemes
Stage Unit No. Capacity(MW)
Synchronizing
Date
Cost(Rs.Cror
e)
I 1 110 17.1.1983 143
2 110 13.7.1983
II 3 210 25.9.1988 480
4 210 1.5.1989
III 5 210 26.3.1994 480
IV 6 195 31.7.2003 635
V 7 195 30.5 2009 880

26. Suratgarh super thermal power plant
 It has generation capacity of 1500 mw and installed
with 6 units of 250mw each
 It is coal based thermal station
 Coal is received from coal fields of MP, Jharkhand
 Water is received from Indira Gandhi canal

27. SANCTION OF SCHEMES
Stage Unit No. Capacity(MW) Cost(Rs.Crore)
I I & II 2x250 2300
II III & IV 2X250 2057
III V 1X250 753
IV VI 1X250 1117
TOTAL 6227

28. Giral lignite thermal power plant
 giral lignite power plant of RVUNL has two lignite fired
turbines. the fuel for the plant is from the mines near
by giral. the fuel is supplied by rsmml, giral mines
barmer. lime is also supplied by rsmml. lignite cost is
nearly Rs 700/- (almost nearby) per ton. this is the first
plant of the country which is using lime with lignite to
control sox level. it was developed in 2 stages.

29. SANCTION OF SCHEMES
Stage Unit
Number
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Date of
Commissi
oning
Status COD
Stage I 1 125 February
2007
Running 18
Dec.
2011
Stage II 2 125 December
, 2008
Running 12
March
2011

30. Chhabra thermal power station
 It is located at Chowki Motipura (Village) of tehsil
CHHABRA in RAJASTHAN's BARAN district . The planned
capacity of power plant is 2650MW at the end of 12th
Five year plan
 The first and second unit at Chhabra super thermal
power plant was set up at a cost of Rs2,350 crore.
Chhabra is all set to become a power generation hub in
the state as in the second phase two more units with a
capacity of 250 MW each will be installed.

31. SANCTION OF SCHEMES
Phase Unit No. Capacity(MW) Cost(Rs.Crore)
I I & II 2x250 2820
II III & IV 2X250 2991

32. Kalisindh thermal power project
 Kalisindh Thermal Power Station is located 12 km away
from Jhalawar town in Jhalawar district. The power
plant is operated by Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan
Nigam Ltd .
 Source of water for the plant is from Kalisindh Dam near
village Bhanwarasi. And coal for the plant will be
sourced from Paras east and Kanta basin coal blocks in
chatisgarh state.
 Its chimney has a height of 275 metres. The two cooling
towers of the facility are 202 metres tall and the tallest
in the world.

33. SANCTION OF SCHEMES
Stage Unit
Number
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Date of
Commissi
oning
Status
Stage I 1 600 1998 Running
Stage I 2 600 2014 May
expected
under
construct
ion

34. Ramgarh gas thermal power
station
 It has an installed capacity of 220 MW
Stage Unit
Number
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Turbine
type
Date of
Commissio
ning
Status
1 1 35.5 Gas
Turbine
1996
January
Running
2 2 37.5 Gas
Turbine
2002
August
Running
2 3 37.5 Steam
Turbine
2003 April Running
3 4 110 Steam
Turbine
2013
March
Running

35. Operational Performance of Plant
Particulars
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011
-12
2012
-13
Gross Generation (LU)
3611
.392
4356
.209
4041
.440
4141
.153
3486
.782
3539
.44
3028
.85
5367
.94
4979
.06
Plant Load Factor (%)
37.3
0%
45.0
0%
41.7
5%
42.7
8%
36.0
0%
36.5
7%
31.2
9%
55.3
0%
51.4
4%
Aux. Power Consumption (LU)
241.
28
311.
662
268.
179
551.
61
333.
116
279.
029
161.
452
95.7
96
90.2
45
Gas Consumption(SCM)
2196
7105
7
2383
6464
7
2404
8250
8
2488
7577
3
2097
8202
1
2136
3529
8
1834
8182
5
2971
5109
0
2730
1221
3

36. Dholpur combined cycle power station
 It has an installed capacity of 330 MW
Stage
Unit
Number
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Turbine
type
Date of
Commissioni
ng
Status
1 1 110 Gas Turbine 2007 March
Runnin
g
1 2 110 Gas Turbine 2007 June
Runnin
g
1 3 110
Steam
Turbine
2007
December
Runnin
g

37. References
 1. http://nptl.iitm.ac/courses/108104013
 2.http:// Wikipedia.com
 3.Madhava Row T.S.,power system production-static
Relay; McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2nd Edition,21st
reprint,2008
 4.Publisher;S Chand & Co 2005!!ISBN:812192460
:pdf!11MB