1. APLASTIC ANEMIA

2. CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION

5. Figure 1:
Bone Marrow

6. CAUSES

8. Figure 2:Epstein Barr virus Figure 3: Parovirus

9. STATISTICS

10. SYMPTOMS

12. Figure 4:Red spots Figure 5:Bruise

13. LAB DIAGNOSIS
1. Complete blood count (CBC)
(a) low RBC, WBC, platelets
(b) low Hb and Ht level
2. Reticulocyte count
COMPONENT NORMAL VALUE
MALE FEMALE
RBC 4.7 – 6.1 mil cell/mcL 4.2 – 5.4 mil cell/mcL
Hemoglobin 13.8 – 17.2 gm/dL 12.1 – 15.1 gm/dL
Hematocrit 40.7 – 50.3 36.1 – 44.3
WBC 4500 – 10 000 cell/mcL
Platelet 150 000 - 400 000 /mcL
Reticulocyte 0.5 – 1.5%

14. 3. Bone marrow test
(a) BM aspiration (fluid)
(b) BM biopsy (tissue)
4. Antibody test
5. Other test
a) Vitamin B12 & folate test
b) Liver test & viral test
c) X-ray, CT scan
d) ultrasound imaging test
Figure 6: BM Biopsy

15. TREATMENT
1. Stem cell transplant
2. Immunosuppressant
3. Blood transfusion
4. Bone marrow stimulant
5. Antibiotics & antiviral
Figure 7:Blood transfusion

16. PREVENTION
Avoid exposure to:
a) Insecticide
b) Herbicides
c) Organic solvents
d) Toxic chemical
Figure 8: Exposure to herbicides

17. CONCLUSION
Aplastic anemia - blood disorder that can be inherited or acquired
Serious problem - no enough oxygen supply in body
- infection
Treatment - medications, stem cell transplant & blood transfusion
Patients are advised to:
a)Take good rest when needed
b)Avoid contact sports
c)Be hygienic

18. CASE STUDY
1. Patient’s Detail
 46 years old male
 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection
 Combination treatment of PEG-IFN-a 2a (180 μg, weekly) and
ribavirin (1200 mg/day) was commenced for a period of 48 weeks
2. Symptoms
 Bleeding tendency
 Unexplained fatigue of recent onset

19. 3. Physical Examination
 Generalized purpura and bruising, pallor of the skin and mucous
membranes
 The patient’s liver, spleen and lymph nodes- not enlarged

20. Figure 9: A bone marrow biopsy showing the absence of hematopoietic tissue
and its replacement with fat.

21. 4. TREATMENT
 Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after completing two
courses of immunosuppressive.
 Therapy with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A.

22. REFERENCES
 Anonymous, (2012), What is aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth
February 2013, http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/risk -factors
 Anonymous, (2012), Diagnosis of aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth
February 2013, http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics.html
 Anonymous, (2013), Aplastic anemia-info, Viewed on 8thth
February
2013, http://www.bodyandhealth.canada.com
 Anonymous, (2005), Causes of aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth
February 2013, http://www.childrenhospital.org
 David C., (2012), Idiopathic-aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth
February 2013, http://www.health.nytimes.com/health/guides.html

23.  Anonymous, (2008), Aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth
February
2013, http://www.uth.tmc.edu/pathology/medic.html
 Anonymous, (2012), Statistics of aplastic anemia, Viewed on 8thth
February 2013, http://www.aamds.org
 Anonymous, (2012), diagnosis, viewed on 8th
February 2013,
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/aplastic/
 Anonymous, (2013), bone marrow biopsy, prevention, viewed on 8th
February 2013, http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM01819
 Anonymous, (2011), CBC, viewed on 8th
February 2013,
http://www.aamds.org/about/blood-and-bone-marrow-basics/CBC

24.  Anonymous, (2013), treatment, prevention, viewed on 8th
February
2013, http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/aplastic-anemia/DS00322
 Anonymous, (2011), treatment, viewed on 8th
February 2013,
http://www.aamds.org/about/aplastic-anemia
 Ioannou, S., Hatzis, G., Vlahadami, I., Voulgarelis, M.(2010),Aplastic
anemia associated with interferon alpha 2a in a patient with chronic
hepatitis C virus infection: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 4(268)