1. Human
Geog r aphy
Agriculture

2. Shifting Cultivation
 The use of multiple plots of land,
normally three or more, which are
planted in rotation by the year as to
promote soil functionality.

3. Agriculture
 The science, art, or occupation
concerned with cultivating land, raising
crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising
livestock; farming
 The cultivation of animals, plants, fungi,
and other life forms for food, fiber, and
other products used to sustain life.

4. Intertillage
 In shifting cultivation, spreads out
production over the farming season by
planting different crops in the same field.

5. Slash-and-Burn
(swidden)
 A method of agriculture used in the
tropics, in which forest vegetation is
felled and burned, the land is cropped for
a few years, then the forest is allowed to
reinvade.
 Swidden is the plot of land that has been
slash-and-burned upon.

6. MILKSHED
 A region that produces milk for a specific
community
 The area surrounding a city from which milk
is supplied

7. Market Gardening
 Highly intensive (in capital terms) farming
of flowers, fruit, and very perishable
vegetables on a commercial basis.
 Located close to urban areas as an
immediate market, but large enterprises
may also distribute at a national and
regional scale.

8. Livestock Ranching
 The breeding and raising of animals,
these animals are usually used for meat
purposes and raised in large herds.

9. Subsidy
 Assistance paid to a business or
economic sector.

10. Mediterranean
Agriculture
 Form of Agriculture along the side of the
Mediterranean Sea. The sea winds
provide moisture for the crops and
moderate winter temperatures and takes
place in hilly, mountainous regions.
 Ex: Olives and grapes

11. Luxury Crop
 Crops that are not essential to human
survival and are sold at a high price.
 EX: Tobacco, Sugarcane, and cotton

12. Crop Rotation
 The system of varying successive crops
in a definite order on the same ground
especially to avoid depleting the soil and
to control weed diseases and pests-
dictionary.com

13. Commercial agriculture
 The production of crops where the main
goal is to turn a profit. Usually intended
for widespread distribution to wholesalers
or retail outlets. –AP human geography
website.

14. Carl Sauer
 American geographer who studied and
focused on the relationship between
humans and land

15. Domestication
 Adaptation on to intimate association
with human life.

16. Fallow
 Unplowed and unseeded during a
growing season

17. Double Cropping
 Harvesting twice a year from the same
feild

18. Von Th űnen’s Model of
Land Use
 States how market prices and location
affect the production decisions of
individual farmers

19. Horticulture
 The growing of fruit, vegetables, or
flowers

20. GMO (genetically
modified organisms)
 Crops that carry new traits that have
been inserted through advanced genetic
engineering methods.

21. Green Revolution
 Rapid diffusion of new agricultural
technology, especially new high-yield
seeds and fetilizers.

22. Ranching
 A form of commercial agriculture in which
livestock graze over an extensive area.

23. Subsistence
Agriculture
- agriculture designed primarily to provide
for direct consumption by the farmer’s
family.

24. Neolithic Revolution
 Transferring from hunter and gathering to
cultivating plants (agriculture).

25. Vertical Integration
Ownership by the same firm
of a number of companies
that exist along a variety of
points on a commodity chain.

26. Truck farm
by mac and tim
 Highly efficient large scale operations
that take full advantage of machines at
every stage of the growing process.

27. Ridge tillage
 System of planting crops on ridge tops in
order to reduce farm production cost and
promote greater soil conservation

28. Transhumance
 Transhumance is the seasonal
movement of people with their livestock
between fixed summer and winter
pastures.

29. Pastoral Nomadism
 Pastoralism involves the breeding and
herding of animals to satisfy the
human needs for food, shelter, and
clothing.

30. Thomas Malthus
 an English scholar, influential in political
economy and demography. Malthus
popularized the economic theory of rent.
 Malthus has become widely known for
his theories about population and its
increase or decrease in response to
various factors

31. Rural Settlement
 Clustered rural settlement- a place where
a number of families live in close
proximity to each other with fields
surrounding the collection of houses and
farm buildings

32. Extensive Subsistence
Agriculture
 Agriculture designed primarily to provide
food for direct consumption by the farmer
and the farmer’s family.

33. Intensive Subsistence
Farming
 Primary subsistence pattern of large-
scale, populous societies. It results in
much more food being produced per acre
compared to other subsistence patterns.
 A form of subsistence agriculture that
involves effective and efficient use of
labor on small plots of land to maximize
crop yields

34. AQUACULTURE!!!
 FARMING OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
SUCH AS FISH, SHELLFISH, AND
EVEN PLANTS.
 www.Maine.gov

35. Dairying
 Branch of agriculture that encompasses
the breeding, raising, and utilization of
dairy animals for the production of milk
and the various dairy products processed
from it

36. Agribusiness
 Commercial agriculture characterized by
the integration of different steps in the
food processing industry, usually through
ownership by large corporations.

37. Feedlot
 A management system in which naturally
grazing animals are confined to a small
area which produces no feed and are fed
on stored feeds.

38. Biotechnology
 The manipulation of living organisms to
produce useful usually commercial
products

39. Boserup hypothesis
 Agricultural methods that depend on the
size of the population.

40. Commodity chain
 Process used by multinational
corporations where firms gather
resources, transform them into foods or
commodities and, finally is distributed to
the consumers

41. “ Tragedy of the
Commons”
 If a resource is used by all, then,
ultimately, that resource will be
destroyed.

42. Plantation
 a usually large farm or estate, especially
in a tropical or semitropical country, on
which cotton, tobacco, coffee, sugar
cane, or the like is cultivated, usually by
resident laborers.