This document summarizes information about mumps, including its description, epidemiology, causative agent, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control, and references. Mumps is an acute viral disease that causes swelling of the parotid salivary glands and is typically seen in children. It is highly contagious and prevented through the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Common symptoms include fever and tender swollen parotid glands. Complications can include orchitis, oophoritis, or inflammation of the brain. Diagnosis is usually clinical but can be confirmed through virus detection or serology. Treatment focuses on pain relief and prevention through vaccination.

1. Catherine Shirima
&
Calvin Kaaya
Pharmaceutical
Microbiology
Presentation ;29 JAN 2015

2. CONTENTS;
•Description of disease and Epidemiology
•Causative agent(s)
•Clinical manifestations
•Diagnosis and Differential diagnosis
•Treatment
•Prevention and Control
•References

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE DISEASE
 Mumps is an acute respiratory tract infectious disease caused by
mumps virus,
 Parotitis and Orchitis were described by HIPPOCRATES 5th century BC
While virus etiology was firstly described by Johnson and
Goodpasture in 1934.
 it occurs primarily in school-aged children and adolescents.The most
prominent manifestation is nonsuppurative swelling and tenderness
of the salivary glands with one or both parotid glands involved in
most cases.

4. DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Reservoir Human
• Transmission Respiratory drop nuclei
Subclinical infections
may transmit
• Temporal pattern Peak in late winter and spring
• Communicability Three days before to four
days onset of active
disease

5. CAUSATIVE AGENT
oMumps virus is a typical paramyxovirus. It is a singlestranded,
negative-sense RNA surrounded by an envelope. Sensitive to
ether,ultraviolet and high temperature
oHumans are the only natural host
oIt has two major surface glycoproteins,One with both hemagglutinin
and neuraminidase and The other with cell-fusion protein.
oIt is found in saliva ,urine, and CSF. It is highly contagious.
Family Paramyxoviridae
Subfamily Paramyxovirina
Genus Rubalavirus
Species Mumps Virus

6. CAUSATIVE AGENT CONT…..

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Nonspecific symptoms of low-grade fever, headache, muscle aches (myalgia),
reduced appetite, and malaise occur during the first 48 hours of mumps infection.
Parotid gland swelling (PAROTITIS)characteristically is present on day three of
illness. (The parotid gland is a salivary gland located anterior to the ear and above
the angle of the jaw.)
Referred pain to the ear may also occur (IPSILATERAL EAR ACHE).
 Parotid gland swelling may last up to 10 days, and adults generally experience
worse symptoms than children.
Patients with parotitis have difficulty with pronunciation and mastication. Other
salivary glands involved include submandibular adenitis and sublingual adenitis
Approximately 95% of individuals who develop symptoms of mumps will
experience tender inflammation of their parotid glands.
Inflammation of the brain, encephalitis, and inflammation of the tissue covering
the brain and spinal cord, or meningitis, can develop as complication of mumps.

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION (PAROTITIS)
PAROTITIS

9. COMPLICATIONS OF MUMPS

10. COMPLICATION OF MUMPS
OOPHORITISORCHITIS

11. DIAGNOSIS
In most instances, the diagnosis of mumps is made on the basis
of a exposure history and of parotid swelling and tenderness
accompanied other symptoms.
Laboratory Diagnosis is done by:
• Isolation of mumps virus specimen from saliva, urine and
secretions from CSF and stensens duct.
• Serologic testing
positive IgM antibody
significant increase in IgG antibody. Processes used to
detect IgG antibodies include, complement fixation,
hemagglutinin inhibition, or enzyme immuno assay

12. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Suppurative parotitis
Other viral parotitis: caused by parainfluenza
virus, coxsackievirus and influenza A virus.
---serologic tests or viral culture
Parotid enlargement caused by other reasons
Orchitis and Oophoritis caused by STI such as
chlamydia and gonnorhea

13. TREATMENT
• Mumps is a self-limiting disease, the swelling usually resolve after
10days and more. Even the orchitis and oophoritis resolve after few
days unless caused by bacterial infection.
• Ibuprofen is prescribed to relieve pain from headaches and
tenderness from parotitis
• Cold packs to swollen areas will help relieve additional discomfort
• Avoid acidic drinks such as fruit juice as these can irritate your parotid
glands; water is usually the best fluid to drink
• Also Home Remedies have prove to be effective against mumps
example garlic , ginger, aloe vera, asparagus and black pepper

14. TREATMENT CONT….

15. PREVENTION
• Mumps vaccine is the best way to prevent mumps. This vaccine is included
in the combination measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and measles-
mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccines.
• For the most effective results, two doses of the vaccine are recommended.
Two doses of mumps vaccine are 88% effective (range: 66-95%) at
preventing the disease; one dose is 78% (range: 49%−92%) effective. The
first vaccine against mumps was licensed in the United States in 1967, and
by 2005, high two-dose childhood vaccination coverage reduced disease
rates by 99%.
• The first dose should be delivered between the ages of 12 and 15 months
of age; the second should be delivered between the ages of 4 and 6 years
old. If a child was not previously vaccinated then a dose should be
administered between the ages of 11 and 12.

16. MMR COMPLICATIONS
• Fever 5%-15%
• Rash 5%
• Joint symptoms 25%
• Thrombocytopenia <1/30,000 doses
• Parotitis rare
• Deafness rare
• Encephalopathy <1/1,000,000 doses

17. MMR VACCINE….

18. CONTROL
stay away from school, college or work until five days after you first
developed symptoms
wash your hands regularly, using soap and water
always use a tissue to cover your mouth and nose when you cough
and sneeze, and throw the tissue in a bin immediately afterwards
It should be noted that disease is highly contagious through saliva ,
urine or any fluid secretion from the victim

19. REFERENCES
• https://www.google.co.tz/url/evans.amedd.army.mil%2Fqsd%2FDocu
ments%2FIC%2FMUMPS.ppt9tVJsZH-WYFQ
• https://www.google.co.tz/url/slideshare.net%2Fdoctorrao%2Fmumps
Efl584Hn4A
• http://general-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2010/914/4
• BRS Microbiology & Immunology, 4E 2002 (Page 124 Chapter 4
VIROLOGY)
• Textbook of Microbiology & Immunology, Second Edition- Subhash
Parija (Chapter 79 Section VI page 639 and Chapter 64 Section IV page
519)

20. END OF PRESENTATION