Chapter 7:1-2 AP World

1. +
First Empires of India & Trade
Chapter 7: 1-2

2. +
Journal #3 Buddha
Crash Course
■ 1. How do we know about the Aryans?
■ 2. What caste was symbolized by the feet?
■ 3. What is Dharma?
■ 4. What is Mahabarata?
■ 5.What is moksha?
■ 6. What is the source of suffering?
■ 7. What was Buddhism attractive to
Hindus?
■ 8. Why did Ashoka convert to Buddhism?
■ 9. What do most Hindus think about
Buddha?

3. +
First Empires of India & Trade
Chapter 7: 1-2

4. +Notes 7:1 Outline (7:2 is H/W)
Lesson Notes
Section 1
Indus Valley (Harappan People)! Magadha (Aryans)! Greeks (Alexander the Great)
(2 lines)
EMPIRE 1: MAURYA
Chandragupta Maurya (6-8 lines)
Son (32 years) (1 line)
Asoka (5 lines)
EMPIRE 2: ANDHA (2 lines)
North- foreigners
South- Tamil
EMPIRE 3: GUPTA
Chandra Gupta 1 (4 lines)
Samudra (3 lines)
Chandra Gupta 2 (3 lines)
Section 2: ACHIEVEMENTS & CULTURE HOMEWORK
Buddhism
Hinduism
Kalidasa
Trade

5. + ■ Main Idea: The Mauryas and the Guptas established Indian
empires, but neither unified India permanently
■ Why it matters now? The diversity of peoples, cultures, beliefs,
and languages in India continues to pose challenges to Indian
unity today

6. + Setting the Stage
■ 1. By 600 BC, almost 1000 years after the
Aryan migrations, many small kingdoms
were scattered throughout India
■ 2. In 326 BC, Alexander the Great brought
the Indus Valley under Greek control
■ 3. After Alexander left India, a great Indian
military leader, Chandragupta Maurya
seized power for himself

7. +
Chandragupta Maurya Builds an Empire
•Most likely born into the
kingdom of Magadha (by the
Ganges River)
•The kingdom had been ruled for
centuries by the Nanda family
•Chandragupta gathered an army
and killed the king and then
claimed the throne
•This begun the Mauryan Empire

8. + Mauryan Empire

9. +
Chandragupta Unifies North India
•Chandra seized all land from Magadha to
Indus
•Chandra began to fight against Seleucus (one
of Alexander the Great’s successors) and won
after several years
•By 303 BC, the Mauryan Empire stretched
more than 2,000 miles
•Chandra raised an army
•Chandra’s government had to highly tax his
people to raise his army
vs

10. +
Running the Empire
•Chandra relied on his advisor, Kautilya
•Kautilya wrote a rule book, Arthasastra,
that taught how to hold a vast empire
together
•Chandra created a highly bureaucratic
government, with elected officials
•Chandra divided his kingdom into
provinces with individual princes
•Had spies in case of assassination (he had
killed the king himself)

11. + City Life and Country Life
• Seleucus sent an ambassador to Chandra’s
capital
• In the ambassador’s letter he described the
capital as:
• Gold covered pillars
• Numerous fountains
• Thrones
• Farmers are exempt from military service
• You either serve in military or farm
• Chandra’s son ruled for 32 years, and then his
grandson, ASOKA took over and brought the
empire to its greatest height

12. +
*Asoka Promotes Buddhism
• He waged war to expand his empire
• After his bloody war against Kalinga, Asoka felt
sorrow over the slaughter
• He studied Buddhism and the non violence
teaching
• *Religious tolerance= acceptance of people who
held different beliefs- and acceptance of people
of all cultural backgrounds
• As noble as Asoka’s policies of toleration and
nonviolence were, they failed to hold the
empire together once Asoka was gone (When he
died, the empire began to break up)

13. + Primary Source: Asoka
“If one hundreth part or one
thousandth of those who died in
Kalinga…should now suffer
similar fate, [that] would be a
matter of pain to His Majesty”

14. + Asoka Promotes Buddhism
• Asoka’s Advancements:
• Extensive roads build so he could visit his whole
kingdom
• Roads improved communication throughout the vast
empire
• Planted trees along the road for people to rest under
the shade
• Dug wells along roads
• What did this show? Asoka’s concern for his subject’s
well-being

15. + Asoka (Elephant Warriors)

16. + A Period of Turmoil
•Asoka’s death left a power vacuum that was felt
throughout the whole subcontinent
•The next dynasty (Andhra) arose and
dominated the region for hundreds of years
•Northern India felt a flood of new people fleeing
from political instability in other regions of Asia
•For 500 years, Greeks, Persians, and Central
Asians poured through the pass into northern India
•These invaders, disrupted Indian society
•Invaders introduced new languages and customs
•In the South, the Tamil language and people ruled

17. + The Gupta Empire
•After 500 years, a strong leader
again arose in the northern state of
Magadha
•His name, Chandra Gupta (no
relation to the first)
•Second Empire ! Gupta Empire
(saw a great flowering of Indian
civilization, especially Hindu
culture)

18. +
Chandra Gupta Builds an Empire
•Chandra Gupta
•After marrying the daughter of the old,
royal family, Chandra took the title of
“Great King of Kings”
•Samudra, Chandra’s son, took power next
•Lover of poetry and music, also had a
warlike side
•He expanded the empire with 40 years of
war and conquest

19. + Daily Life in India
• The Gupta Era is the first period about which
historians have much information concerning daily
life in India
• Most lived in small villages, most of which were
villagers
• Most families were patriarchal= headed by the
eldest male
• Droughts were a huge problem, men had to give a
days worth of work on the wells
• Southern India was different, matriarchal=
mother was the head of the family
• Property and the throne followed through the
mother’s line

20. +
Height of the Gupta Empire
• Chandra Gupta 2 (ruled for 40 years)
• Conquered the enemy, Shakas, to the west
• Increased territory
• Trade increased between India and the
Mediterranean world
• Increased diplomacy and marriage alliances
• Achievements in: literature, religious thought,
science and mathematics
• End: Broke into small pieces and then was overrun
by the Huns and other Central Asian nomads

21. + Gupta Empire
Answers These Questions in your Notes:
1. How does the Chinese traveler describe the Guptas?
2. What does he NOT mention?

22. +H/W: Read 7:2 in your textbook and take
notes
Start your flash cards:
1. Indus River
2. Indo-European Languages
3. Aryans
4. Vedic Age
5. Vedas
6. Caste System
Start Textbook H/W
Pages 177-179
In orange textbook
(use back of your note
page to fill out notes)
OR
“Gandhi”
After individual time

23. +
India Flash Cards
1. Indus River
2. Indo-European Languages
3. Aryans
4. Vedic Age
5. Vedas
6. Caste System
7. Hinduism
8. Mauryan Dynasty
9. Gupta Dynasty
10.Jainism
11.Buddhism
12.Trade in Indian Ocean
13.Mughal Empire
14.Akbar the Great
15.Taj Mahal
16.British Economic Interests in India
17.Sepoy Rebellion
18.Indian National Congress (INC)- Origins +
Actions
19.Mohandas Gandhi
20.Indian Independence

24. +

25. +
Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture
(Section 2)
■ Main Idea: Indian religions, culture, and science evolved and spread to
other regions through trade
■ Why it matters now? The influence of Indian culture and religions is
very evident throughout Southeast Asia today

26. +
Setting the Stage:
■ 500 years between Mauryan and Gupta
Empire was a time of upheaval,
invaders poured into India, bringing
new ides and customs
■ In response, Indians began to change
their own culture

27. +
Changes in Religious Thought
■ In 250 BC, Hinduism and Buddhism
were India’s two faiths
■ Hinduism= mix of polytheistic
religion that blended Aryan and pre-
Aryan beliefs
■ Buddhism= desires cause suffering,
Eightfold Path
■ Over the centuries, both religions had
been increasingly removed from the
people
■ Hinduism was dominated by priests,
Buddhism was hard to follow

28. +
A More Popular Form of Buddhism
■ After Buddha died, many different
interpretations developed
■ Buddha did not want to be worshiped, but
after his death, many began worshiping him
like a god
■ Some Buddhists believed that many people
could become Buddha's (these potential
Buddha's were called “bodhisattvas” who
choose to give up nirvana and work to save
humanity through good works and self
sacrifice)
■ Buddhism became a mass religion that offered
salvation to all and allowed popular worship

29. +
A More Popular Form of Buddhism
■ Mahayana Buddhism= accept
new popular belief of Buddhism )(majority)
■ Theraveda Buddhism= those
Buddhists who held to Buddha’s stricter,
original teachings (minority)
■ New trends of Buddhism, inspired Indian art
■ Huge statues of Buddha for people to worship
■ Stupas= mounded stone structures built
over holy relics
■ Buddhists walked the path circling the stupas as part
of their mediation
■ Cave temples of solid rock

30. +
Difference Between Theravada &
Mahayana Buddhism

31. +

32. +
A Hindu Rebirth
■ Hinduism had developed a complex set of
sacrifices that could only be performed by
priests
■ Through its exposure to other cultures,
Hinduism changed too
■ A trend towards monotheism was growing
■ Many people began to believe that there
was only one divine force in the universe
■ 3 most important gods were: Brahma
(creator of the world), Shiva (destroyer of
the world), and Vishnu (preserver of the
world)

33. +
Flowering of the Indian Culture
■ Literature and the Performing
Art
■ Kalidasa= one of India’s
greatest writers (Shakuntala- story
of a beautiful girl that falls in
loved and marries a middle aged
king)
■ Writing Academies
■ Drama also became very popular
(traveling performances)
■ Dance

34. +
Astronomy, Mathematics and Medicine
■ Advance of trade spurred the advance of
science:
■ From Greek invaders, Indians adapted Western
methods of keeping time
■ Calendar based on the cycles of the sun rather than
the moon, seven-day week
■ Almost 1,000 years before Columbus, Indian
astronomers proved that the earth was round by
observing a lunar eclipse
■ Modern numerals, the zero, and the decimal system,
were invented in India
■ Classified more than 1,000 diseases, described 500
plants
■ Hindu physicians knew how to perform surgery-
including plastic surgery

35. +
The Spread of Indian Trade
■ Rich in precious resources
■ Spices, diamonds, sapphires, gold,
pearls, and beautiful woods (ebony,
teak and sandalwood)
■ Trade included Africa and
Sumerian

36. +
Overland Trade, East and West
■ Those groups who invaded India
at the end of the Mauryan rule
helped expand India’s trade to
new regions
■ Silk Roads= traders used
them to bring silk from China to
Western Asia and on to Rome
■ Once Indians learned the Silk
Roads, they realized that they
could make great profits by acting
as the middleman (set up stations
along the trade routes)

37. +
Sea Trade, East and West
■ Sea Trade also increased
■ Spices were traded between India
and Rome
■ India imported African ivory and
gold and exported cotton cloth
■ Sea trade with China increased
(imported cotton cloth, monkeys,
parrots, and elephants)

38. +
Effects of Indian Trade
■ Increased trading led to a rise in
banking
■ Bankers made a lot of money off
trading merchants
■ Indian culture spread throughout
Southeast Asia
■ Hinduism spread to Nepal, Sri Lanka,
Borneo,
■ Buddhism spread because of traveling
monks