Globally we need to halve the carbon emissions by 2050. Through the release of Greenhouse Gases (GHG), the industry also contributes significantly to climate change.Several reulations has been put in place to help recude CO2 emissions but the shipping industry is still faced by some challenges. Big Data is helping to cut fuel bills and CO2 emissions. Objective is to build a ship rating tool for ranking and rating ships on their emissions.

1. Shipping Emission Analytics:
Anywhere, anytime…..
Dr Carol Hargreaves
Institute of Systems Science
National University of Singapore
carol.hargreaves@nus.edu.sg
23 September 2015

2. AGENDA
• Introduction - Industry Problem
• Shipping Industry Background Information
• Emission Reduction Measures Identified & Current Challenges Faced by the Shipping Industry
• Big Data helps Shipping Lines cut Fuel Bills & Emissions
• Goal: To Build a Ship Emission Rating Index (SERI)Tool & Comparison of Emission Reduction Me
asures / Tools
• Predictive Model for Determining Ship Emission Rating Index (SERI)
• What is the Value of our “SERI” Tool?
• Are there any Opportunities for Collaboration?

3. Industry Problem:
Through the release of Greenhouse Gases (GHG), the
industry also contributes significantly to climate change
There is continued increase in international maritime
transport which may result in shipping being
responsible for 6% of the world’s GHG emissions by
2020 & 15% by 2050.
Globally, we need to half the carbon emissions by
2050.
Carbon emissions are depleting the ozone layer.
Exposure to toxic emissions from shipping is
reported to cause cardiovascular & respiratory
diseases
http://www.sustainalytics.com/sites/default/files/shippingemissions_july2013.pdf

4. Shipping Industry Background Information - EEDI
Since July 2011, the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) ,
measures theoretical CO2 emission performance of new
ships over 400 gross tonnes & is calculated from ship
design and engine performance data, where:
P is 75% of the rated installed shaft power,
SFC is the specific fuel consumption,
Cf is CO2 is emission rate based on fuel type,
DWT is the ship deadweight tonnage,
Vref is the vessel speed at design load.

5. Shipping Industry Background Information - SEEMP
From July 2011, the Ship Energy Efficiency Management
Plan (SEEMP) was mandatory for all ships of 400 gross
tonnage and above.
From 1 January 2013, all existing ships are required to
document their energy usage through the introduction of
a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) that
is linked to the ship’s broader management plan

6. Shipping Industry Background Information - EVDI
• RightShip’s (2011), Existing Vessel Design Index ,
the EVDI™ measures a ship’s CO2 emissions CO2
emissions per tonne nautical mile travelled based
on the characteristics of the ship, and, unlike the
EEDI, the EVDI™ can be applied to existing ships.
• The GHG Emissions Rating is a practical measure
derived from the EVDI™ that allows relative
comparison of a ship’s CO2 emissions to vessels
of a similar size and type.

7. Shipping Industry Background Information - ESI
The Environmental Shipping Index (ESI, 2011)
evaluates the amount of nitrogen oxide (NOX),
sulphur oxide (SOX) that is released by a ship and
includes a reporting scheme on the greenhouse
gas emission of the ship.
The ESI is a good indication of the environmental
performance of ocean going vessels and will
assist in identifying cleaner ships in a general
way.
The index is intended to be used by ports to
reward ships when they participate in the ESI and
will promote clean ships,

8. Shipping Industry Background Information - CSI
Clean Shipping Index (CSI, 2011) is a tool for
measuring the five areas of environmental impact
– CO2 emission, SOX emission, NOX emissions,
PM emissions, chemical products, water & waste
control.
Clean Shipping Index estimates how well a vessel
is doing in each area. The weighing together of
the score gives a hint of the overall performance.
Clean Shipping Index is a web-based tool which is
quick and easy to fill in for carriers – and to no
expense covers main types of vessels from all ages

9. Emission Reduction Measures Identified
Jun Yuan1 & Szu Hui Ng2 & Weng Sut Sou1 (1 Centre for Maritime Studies, 2 Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering (NUS))
Operational Measures Technical Measures
Speed Reduction Hull Coating 1
Weather Routing Hull Coating 11
Autopilot Adjustment Optimization water Flow of hull openings (g
rids, scallop)
Propeller Polishing when Required Air Lubrication
Propeller Polishing (at regular intervals) Integrated Propeller and Rudder Upgrade
Propeller Upgrade
Propeller Boss Cap with Fins
Main Engine Tuning
Speed Control of Pumps and Fans

10. Current Challenges faced by the Shipping Industry - ECA
From 2016, new threshold will also
apply to nitrous oxide emissions.
From 2015, ships operating in Emissions
Control Areas will be required to use fuels with
0.1% or less sulphur content (versus 1%
previously)
Table 1. MARPOL Annex VI NOx Emission Limits
Tier Date
NOx Limit, g/kWh
n < 130
13
0 ≤ n < 20
00
n ≥ 2000
Tier I 2000 17.0 45 · n-0.2 9.8
Tier II 2011 14.4 44 · n-0.23 7.7
Tier III 2016† 3.4 9 · n-0.2 1.96
† In NOx Emission Control Areas (Tier II standards apply outsi
de ECAs).

11. Big Data helps Shipping Lines Cut Fuel Bills and Emissions
The market of ships well suited for remote monitoring to analyze data
is about 30,000 out of 100,000 commercial class vessels globally.
These 30,000 vessels could create a $20 billion value in terms of reductions in fuel
consumption, downtime, maintenance expenses and environmental fines. That
number could go to $50 billion by 2030.
Maersk container line has reduced greenhouse emissions per container moved
nearly 40 percent since 2007 and is committed to a target reduction of 60
percent by 2020.
Maersk gives much of the credit for fuel and emissions reductions to its Global
Voyage Centre, which monitors fleet operations round the clock from a situation
room in Mumbai."The team is watching to ensure that the vessels keep to their
optimum voyage speed.
http://magazines.marinelink.com/Magazines/MaritimeProfessional/201403/content/optimize-performance-analytics-465883

12. Big Data helps Shipping Lines Cut Fuel Bills and Emissions
At a time when environmental concerns and energy prices remain high,
savings on fuel can make a significant improvement to margins.
Accurate information on fuel consumption and routes can mean the
difference between winning a customer and letting them go to a
competitor.
Increasing levels of automation and onshore vessel control are
presenting opportunities to further reduce operational expenditure.
TransMetrics brings big data to the transport and logistics industry to
improve capacity optimization, reduce costs and reduce CO2 emission.

13. Goal: Build a Ship Rating Tool for Ranking & Rating Ships
on their Emissions Some ships are more emission
friendly than others….what is
the impact of different factors
in their contribution to how
‘green’ a ship is???
Emissions do not divide into ships equally and considerations such
a ship size, fuel type, engine performance as well as maritime
technology mean that some ships are more efficient than others

14. Comparison of Emission Reduction Measures / Tools
EEDI EVDI™
Measures theoretical CO2
emission performance of
new ships over 400 gross
tonnes & is calculated
from ship design and
engine performance data
The EVDI™ is similar to
the EEDI but can be
applied to existing ships.
Derived from the EVDI™ that
allows relative comparison of a
ship’s CO2 emissions to vessels of
a similar size and type.
GHG Emissions Rating
ESI
Gives a numerical
representation of the
environmental
performance of ships and
is a function of NOX ,SOX,
CO2, PM, chemicals
CSI
Gives a rating to ships &
shipping companies based on
their environmental
performance – CO2, SOX,
PM2.5,PM10,NOX,Ballast Water,
Bilge Water, Chemicals
(antifouling, lubricants)
Uses fuel type, vessel type, TEU, CO2, SOX,
engine type, PM2.5, PM10, NOX, time spent in
port, vessel weight, scrubber, auxillary engine
usage at berth, the way they operate their
ship, country, owner, classification society,
weather, speed, propeller polishing, autopilot,
hull coatings, lubricants, propeller upgrade,
main engine tuning, water flow optimization,
speed control of pumps and fans ++++++
.
SERI

15. Predictive Model for Determining Ship Emission Rating Index
Neural network/Logistic
regression models are used to
predict the ship emission rating
Container database has a
list of green ships that will
be used

16. Dynamically Measuring “Ship Emission Rating Index (SERI)”…..
The analytical approach is suitable as it will allow us to:
Identify the key factors that contribute to the SERI for each ship type
Identify which of the key factors have a positive effect and which factors have a negative effect for
each ship type
Determine the size and impact of each factor on the SERI for each ship type
Assess the impact of SOx, NOx, CO2, PM2.5, PM10 on SERI

17. Demo of our “SERI” Tool
• Based on Singapore Container Data

18. System Architecture
Current green ship registry
database
Neural Network
Model
Recency, Frequency,
TEU Classification
Engine
Marketing Rules
Vessel Tracking
System
Green status of new
vessel
Targetting Green Strategy

19. What is the Value of our “SERI” Tool?
Reduced Carbon Emissions.
Increase in Number of Emission Friendly Ships.
Singapore Rated as a Green Port
Sets a standard that beyond physical vessel measurement.
Easily accessible
Real-time functionality
Mobility
Easy to understand
Banks & Insurance Companies

20. Are there any Opportunities for Collaboration?
• Develop a CO2 Online/Mobile Emission Calculator
• Develop an Online/Mobile “Ship Emission Rating Index (SERI)” Tool for ship owners/ship agents/ship
navigators
• Design a Survey to better understand the challenges that ship owners/ship agents face in reducing
their emissions
• Build Interactive Ship Dashboard to inform/advise ship navigators on Key Performance Indicators (KPI)
• Develop an Online/Mobile Calculator to measure SOx, NOx, CO2, PM2.5, PM10