Proteínas como solución para múltiples enfermedades medicas

1. Proteins: low profile heroM A R I A C A M I LA O S P I N A J I M E N E Z
MEDICINE STUDENT

2. “Evolution brings human beings.
Human beings, through a long and
painful process, bring humanity.”
– Dan Simmons
Humanity lacks of hope. Mostly because there
are just a few situations that brings us that
precious feeling; fortunately, this research is
one of those situations. The investigation of
diverse treatments with modified steam cells
for the creation of cardiac cells and drugs
such as Bortezomib for ANTI NMDA RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS, is one step more for bringing
hope in the medical field.
“There is no medicine like hope, no
incentive so great, and no tonic so
powerful as expectation of
something tomorrow.”
– Orison Swett Marden
Also, the authors don't stop there. Effectiveness
in treatments for rare diseases is a difficult
possibility to find. This means that the medical
supplies will cover a much larger population.
The fact: after a heart attack, the patient loses
lots of cardiac cells that are vital. But the good
news, that may appear impossible, is that this
research is willing to ERADICATE this problem.
MEDICAL
UTILITY
Penn State. (2017, January 11). Stem
cells used to regenerate the
external layer of a human
heart. ScienceDaily. Retrieved
February 25, 2017 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/
2017/01/170111151837.htm
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
(2017, January 6). New
treatment for a rare form of
encephalitis: Researchers report
success in treating anti-NMDA
r e c e p t o r
encephalitis. ScienceDaily.
Retrieved February 25, 2017
from www.sciencedaily.com/
r e l e a s e s /
2017/01/170106130934.htm
MARTINEZ SÁNCHEZ, Lina María.
Biología molecular. 8. ed.
Medellín: UPB. Fac. de
Medicina, 2015. 141-145 p.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Proteins: Low
profile hero
M A R I A C A M I LA O S P I N A J I M E N E Z
MEDICINE STUDENT

3. WNT
SIGNALING
PATHWAY CAN
GENERATE
EPICARDIUM
CELLS
Xiaojun Lance Lian is a biomedical
engineering and biology assistant
professor who has been working
and guiding an investigation in
Penn State about how STEMS
CELLS can generate epicardium
and endocardium cells using a
modified Wnt signaling pathway.
But, what is a Wnt signaling pathway and how does
the mechanism generate these cells? “The Wnt
signaling pathway is a group of signal transduction
pathways made of proteins that pass signals into a
cell using cell-surface receptors” explains
scienceDaily in its publication.
The Wnt signaling pathway has to be altered using a
stem cell with an additional information, which can
assure the results will be epicardium cells instead
of myocardium muscle cells, as it normally would
provide.
Student´s observation: Life quality
improvement is the main goal for
Medicine. The patients who have
suffered heart attacks before or are
prone to this, already lost or may lose
lots of cells and this kind of treatments
will provide them a more comfort life
which they would be able to enjoy
properly
Cells are the smallest structure to provide life.
For this goal, they need a macromolecule called
proteins to catalyzed and guide the chemical
reactions and processes that should happen in
a correct order inside each cell.
When this harmonious sequences are harmed,
diseases appear. So, research on this
macromolecules are an expected alternative for
treatments in several diseases.
But, how those this happen? DNA is naturally
submitted into a complex process were it is
finally translated into proteins; which lead
scientist to pursued the correct sequence of
DNA so they can achieve an specific
macromolecule and then, help others.
INTRO
DUCTION
NMDA receptor is a protein who has an
important part in the signal
transduction process in the brain.
However, there is a kind of autoimmune
disease which attacks NMDA receptors and
affects the central nervous system, this
disease is called
Student´s observation: New treatments means that
humanity is taking little steps towards the future.
Diseases we were afraid in the past, are now just stories;
and each investigation that is taking place in any corner
of the planet is essential for the future humanity is
building. However, this treatment in particular will bring
joy to lots of patients who never show results in the past
and now they have a new hope for a better life; and this
way the medical field impacts in the present.
ANTI-NMDA
RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS
The modus operandi of an autoimmune
disease consists in the attack of healthy
cells by the body itself. This happens
because of antibodies that don´t recognize
a particular cell, immediately calling it a
stranger and attacks it to protect the body.
Causing the opposite effect: Anti-NMDA
receptor encephalitis, in this case.
Because of this, treatments were
developed to try to eradicate this
antibodies but the results were inefficient.
Fortunately, Dr. Franziska Scheibe and Dr.
Andreas Meisel from the Department of
Neurology and the NeuroCure Cluster of
Excellence, found a new treatment
associated with the use of Bortezomib.
Borzetomib action: this drug can
inhibit proteasomes which can degraded
proteins that regulate cycle’s cell and
growth. Achieving to reduce high levels of
the antibodies causing the disease.

4. Cells are the smallest structure to provide life.
For this goal, they need a macromolecule called
proteins to catalyzed and guide the chemical
reactions and processes that should happen in
a correct order inside each cell.
When this harmonious sequences are harmed,
diseases appear. So, research on this
macromolecules are an expected alternative for
treatments in several diseases.
But, how those this happen? DNA is naturally
submitted into a complex process were it is
finally translated into proteins; which lead
scientist to pursued the correct sequence of
DNA so they can achieve an specific
macromolecule and then, help others.
INTRO
DUCTION
N
C O
H
Proteins are composed by amino acids that can
interact one with an other.
This means they are composed of the following
Also, this characteristics allow them to be
Antibodies
Enzyme
Messenger
Structural component
Transport

5. Stem cells used to regenerate the
external layer of a human heart
Penn State
(2017,January 11)

6. The heart is composed by three
layers:
Epicarduim
Myocardum
Endocardium
This layers have to work together to
keep the heart in function
WNT
SIGNALING
PATHWAY CAN
GENERATE
EPICARDIUM
CELLS
Xiaojun Lance Lian is a biomedical
engineering and biology assistant
professor who has been working
and guiding an investigation in
Penn State about how STEMS
CELLS can generate epicardium
and endocardium cells using a
modified Wnt signaling pathway.
But, what is a Wnt signaling pathway and how does
the mechanism generate these cells? “The Wnt
signaling pathway is a group of signal transduction
pathways made of proteins that pass signals into a
cell using cell-surface receptors” explains
scienceDaily in its publication.
The Wnt signaling pathway has to be altered using a
stem cell with an additional information, which can
assure the results will be epicardium cells instead
of myocardium muscle cells, as it normally would
provide.
Student´s observation: Life quality
improvement is the main goal for
Medicine. The patients who have
suffered heart attacks before or are
prone to this, already lost or may lose
lots of cells and this kind of treatments
will provide them a more comfort life
which they would be able to enjoy
properly

7. Heart attacks are the result of a
blockage of the blood vessels, which
has the ability to kill cells of the heart.
This happens because these cells
don´t receive the nutrients or the
oxygen that they need to survive.
WNT
SIGNALING
PATHWAY CAN
GENERATE
EPICARDIUM
CELLS
Xiaojun Lance Lian is a biomedical
engineering and biology assistant
professor who has been working
and guiding an investigation in
Penn State about how STEMS
CELLS can generate epicardium
and endocardium cells using a
modified Wnt signaling pathway.
But, what is a Wnt signaling pathway and how does
the mechanism generate these cells? “The Wnt
signaling pathway is a group of signal transduction
pathways made of proteins that pass signals into a
cell using cell-surface receptors” explains
scienceDaily in its publication.
The Wnt signaling pathway has to be altered using a
stem cell with an additional information, which can
assure the results will be epicardium cells instead
of myocardium muscle cells, as it normally would
provide.
Student´s observation: Life quality
improvement is the main goal for
Medicine. The patients who have
suffered heart attacks before or are
prone to this, already lost or may lose
lots of cells and this kind of treatments
will provide them a more comfort life
which they would be able to enjoy
properly

8. The method by which The
researchers can confirm the correct
transformation of a steam cell is
using a cell reporter that becomes
fluorescent only when this cell
becomes into an epicardium cell
WNT
SIGNALING
PATHWAY CAN
GENERATE
EPICARDIUM
CELLS
Xiaojun Lance Lian is a biomedical
engineering and biology assistant
professor who has been working
and guiding an investigation in
Penn State about how STEMS
CELLS can generate epicardium
and endocardium cells using a
modified Wnt signaling pathway.
But, what is a Wnt signaling pathway and how does
the mechanism generate these cells? “The Wnt
signaling pathway is a group of signal transduction
pathways made of proteins that pass signals into a
cell using cell-surface receptors” explains
scienceDaily in its publication.
The Wnt signaling pathway has to be altered using a
stem cell with an additional information, which can
assure the results will be epicardium cells instead
of myocardium muscle cells, as it normally would
provide.
Student´s observation: Life quality
improvement is the main goal for
Medicine. The patients who have
suffered heart attacks before or are
prone to this, already lost or may lose
lots of cells and this kind of treatments
will provide them a more comfort life
which they would be able to enjoy
properly

9. New treatment for a rare form
of encephalitis
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
(2017,January 6)

10. NMDA receptor is a protein who has an
important part in the signal
transduction process in the brain.
However, there is a kind of autoimmune
disease which attacks NMDA receptors and
affects the central nervous system, this
disease is called
Student´s observation: New treatments means that
humanity is taking little steps towards the future.
Diseases we were afraid in the past, are now just stories;
and each investigation that is taking place in any corner
of the planet is essential for the future humanity is
building. However, this treatment in particular will bring
joy to lots of patients who never show results in the past
and now they have a new hope for a better life; and this
way the medical field impacts in the present.
ANTI-NMDA
RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS
The modus operandi of an autoimmune
disease consists in the attack of healthy
cells by the body itself. This happens
because of antibodies that don´t recognize
a particular cell, immediately calling it a
stranger and attacks it to protect the body.
Causing the opposite effect: Anti-NMDA
receptor encephalitis, in this case.
Because of this, treatments were
developed to try to eradicate this
antibodies but the results were inefficient.
Fortunately, Dr. Franziska Scheibe and Dr.
Andreas Meisel from the Department of
Neurology and the NeuroCure Cluster of
Excellence, found a new treatment
associated with the use of Bortezomib.
Borzetomib action: this drug can
inhibit proteasomes which can degraded
proteins that regulate cycle’s cell and
growth. Achieving to reduce high levels of
the antibodies causing the disease.
The encephalitis is the
inflammation of the brain,
causing multiple lesions that
manifest with seizure-like
episodes, epilepsy, disorders of
movement and other
neurological symptoms
*NMDA receptors are found in high proportion in the brain.

11. NMDA receptor is a protein who has an
important part in the signal
transduction process in the brain.
However, there is a kind of autoimmune
disease which attacks NMDA receptors and
affects the central nervous system, this
disease is called
Student´s observation: New treatments means that
humanity is taking little steps towards the future.
Diseases we were afraid in the past, are now just stories;
and each investigation that is taking place in any corner
of the planet is essential for the future humanity is
building. However, this treatment in particular will bring
joy to lots of patients who never show results in the past
and now they have a new hope for a better life; and this
way the medical field impacts in the present.
ANTI-NMDA
RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS
The modus operandi of an autoimmune
disease consists in the attack of healthy
cells by the body itself. This happens
because of antibodies that don´t recognize
a particular cell, immediately calling it a
stranger and attacks it to protect the body.
Causing the opposite effect: Anti-NMDA
receptor encephalitis, in this case.
Because of this, treatments were
developed to try to eradicate this
antibodies but the results were inefficient.
Fortunately, Dr. Franziska Scheibe and Dr.
Andreas Meisel from the Department of
Neurology and the NeuroCure Cluster of
Excellence, found a new treatment
associated with the use of Bortezomib.
Borzetomib action: this drug can
inhibit proteasomes which can degraded
proteins that regulate cycle’s cell and
growth. Achieving to reduce high levels of
the antibodies causing the disease.
NMDA receptors
are needed for multiple
functions because they are
involve in the control of nerve
impulses.
When there is a damage in these
receptors, the patient shows
alterations in trial, memory and
performance of the
autonomous nervous
system
*NMDA receptors are found in high proportion in the brain.

12. NMDA receptor is a protein who has an
important part in the signal
transduction process in the brain.
However, there is a kind of autoimmune
disease which attacks NMDA receptors and
affects the central nervous system, this
disease is called
Student´s observation: New treatments means that
humanity is taking little steps towards the future.
Diseases we were afraid in the past, are now just stories;
and each investigation that is taking place in any corner
of the planet is essential for the future humanity is
building. However, this treatment in particular will bring
joy to lots of patients who never show results in the past
and now they have a new hope for a better life; and this
way the medical field impacts in the present.
ANTI-NMDA
RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS
The modus operandi of an autoimmune
disease consists in the attack of healthy
cells by the body itself. This happens
because of antibodies that don´t recognize
a particular cell, immediately calling it a
stranger and attacks it to protect the body.
Causing the opposite effect: Anti-NMDA
receptor encephalitis, in this case.
Because of this, treatments were
developed to try to eradicate this
antibodies but the results were inefficient.
Fortunately, Dr. Franziska Scheibe and Dr.
Andreas Meisel from the Department of
Neurology and the NeuroCure Cluster of
Excellence, found a new treatment
associated with the use of Bortezomib.
Borzetomib action: this drug can
inhibit proteasomes which can degraded
proteins that regulate cycle’s cell and
growth. Achieving to reduce high levels of
the antibodies causing the disease.
Bortezomib is an inhibitor
of proteases that has the
ability to differentiate and kill
cancer cells without affecting
normal cells. This ability allows to
control the growth cell, avoiding
their division, growth and repair
*NMDA receptors are found in high proportion in the brain.

13. Medical utility

14. Humanity lacks of hope. Mostly because there
are just a few situations that brings us that
precious feeling; fortunately, this research is
one of those situations. The investigation of
diverse treatments with modified steam cells
for the creation of cardiac cells and drugs
such as Bortezomib for ANTI NMDA RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS, is one step more for bringing
hope in the medical field.
“There is no medicine like hope, no
incentive so great, and no tonic so
powerful as expectation of
something tomorrow.”
– Orison Swett Marden
Also, the authors don't stop there. Effectiveness
in treatments for rare diseases is a difficult
possibility to find. This means that the medical
supplies will cover a much larger population.
The fact: after a heart attack, the patient loses
lots of cardiac cells that are vital. But the good
news, that may appear impossible, is that this
research is willing to ERADICATE this problem.
MEDICAL
UTILITY
Heart attacks are a daily
reality in hospitals and health
centres in many countries of
the world. The fact that the
researchers worry about
creating alternatives more
effective for the treatment of a
disease such as this one,
enables you to improve the
conditions of life for the
patients

15. Humanity lacks of hope. Mostly because there
are just a few situations that brings us that
precious feeling; fortunately, this research is
one of those situations. The investigation of
diverse treatments with modified steam cells
for the creation of cardiac cells and drugs
such as Bortezomib for ANTI NMDA RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS, is one step more for bringing
hope in the medical field.
“There is no medicine like hope, no
incentive so great, and no tonic so
powerful as expectation of
something tomorrow.”
– Orison Swett Marden
Also, the authors don't stop there. Effectiveness
in treatments for rare diseases is a difficult
possibility to find. This means that the medical
supplies will cover a much larger population.
The fact: after a heart attack, the patient loses
lots of cardiac cells that are vital. But the good
news, that may appear impossible, is that this
research is willing to ERADICATE this problem.
MEDICAL
UTILITY
The effectiveness of a treatment
can be measured not only in the
pathology it was created for but
in several others. This is the case
of Bortezomib which started as
the treatment of multiple
myelosis, but has demonstrated
positive effects in the treatment of
anti NMDA receptors encephalitis

16. Borzetomib’s action mechanism

17. Humanity lacks of hope. Mostly because there
are just a few situations that brings us that
precious feeling; fortunately, this research is
one of those situations. The investigation of
diverse treatments with modified steam cells
for the creation of cardiac cells and drugs
such as Bortezomib for ANTI NMDA RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS, is one step more for bringing
hope in the medical field.
Also, the authors don't stop there. Effectiveness
in treatments for rare diseases is a difficult
possibility to find. This means that the medical
supplies will cover a much larger population.
The fact: after a heart attack, the patient loses
lots of cardiac cells that are vital. But the good
news, that may appear impossible, is that this
research is willing to ERADICATE this problem.
MEDICAL
UTILITY
Heart and brain. Those organs
represent a tremendous
importance for humans; as they
are essential for life and are the
focus of several discussions. This
is why both investigations
attempts to advance in topics
that will aloud physicians to help
a bigger population and so,
achieving a extraordinary
medical utility

18. “There is no medicine like hope, no
incentive so great, and no tonic so
powerful as expectation of something
tomorrow.”
– Orison Swett Marden

19. M A R I A C A M I LA O S P I N A J I M E N E Z
MEDICINE STUDENT
Penn State. (2017, January 11). Stem
cells used to regenerate the
external layer of a human
heart. ScienceDaily. Retrieved
February 25, 2017 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/
2017/01/170111151837.htm
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
(2017, January 6). New
treatment for a rare form of
encephalitis: Researchers report
success in treating anti-NMDA
r e c e p t o r
encephalitis. ScienceDaily.
Retrieved February 25, 2017
from www.sciencedaily.com/
r e l e a s e s /
2017/01/170106130934.htm
MARTINEZ SÁNCHEZ, Lina María.
Biología molecular. 8. ed.
Medellín: UPB. Fac. de
Medicina, 2015. 141-145 p.
BIBLIOGRAPHY