The document discusses improving the inclusiveness of trade policy making processes in developing countries. It outlines the key stakeholders in trade policy making, including government ministries, private sector groups, and civil society organizations. It also analyzes challenges to inclusive trade policy making like limited capacities and lack of coordination between stakeholders. The document introduces an Inclusive Trade Policy Making Index to measure and compare inclusiveness across countries, identifying gaps. Main conclusions are that consultative mechanisms have been established but are irregular and not all stakeholders are represented equally. Recommendations include identifying and involving all stakeholders, improving information flows and coordination, and investing in capacity building.

1. IMPROVING INCLUSIVENESS OF TRADE POLICY MAKING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Presentation to CUTS Geneva Resource Centre Session during the WTO Geneva Week 6 May, 2010 By Rashid S. Kaukab Deputy Director and Research Coordinator, CUTS Geneva Resource Centre [email_address] www.cuts-grc.org

4. II. TRADE POLICY MAKING: MAIN STAKEHOLDERS Features of an Inclusive Trade Policy Key Elements of Inclusive Trade Policy Making Process Relevant Stakeholders Based on national development policy Clear guidance/directions from national development policy makers National development policy makers (e.g., President’s Office, Ministry for Planning and Development, parliament, etc) Linked with other governmental policies Timely inputs and feedback from other government ministries/departments Other relevant government ministries/departments (e.g., those dealing with agriculture, employment and labour,, competition, etc.) Linked with international commitments (to implement the commitments as well as to guide the positions regarding future possible commitments) Timely inputs and feedback from relevant ministries and negotiators Relevant ministries (e.g., Ministry of Foreign Affairs, etc.) and negotiators (e.g., dealing with the WTO and EPA negotiations) Balancing the interests of all key stakeholders Regular inputs and feedback from key non-state stakeholders Key non-state actors (e.g., representatives of the private sector, farmers, consumers, and the civil society) Clear implementation plan with adequate resources Articulation of implementation plan and commitment of required resources Relevant government ministries (e.g., Ministries of Trade, Finance, Planning) and donors (multilateral and bilateral)

10. II. TRADE POLICY MAKING: CONSULTATIVE MECHANISMS Mandate/Membership Multi-stakeholder Public-Private sectors Only governmental Multiple issues including trade Uganda ACF Kenya JICCC Malawi PPD Tanzania NBC Uganda PEC Kenya IMCs Malawi IMCs Tanzania IMTC, Zambia SCS All trade issues Malawi NWGTP Uganda IITC Zambia NWGT Zambia TEWG Kenya Cabinet sub-committee on trade Specific trade Negotiations Kenya NCWTO Kenya NDTPF Malawi NDTPF Tanzania NETT Uganda NDTPF

20. IV. MEASURING INCLUSIVENESS: THE INCLUSIVE TRADE POLICY MAKING (ITPM) INDEX ITPM Action Variable KENYA MALAWI TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA Part I. Ministry responsible for Trade A. Identification of all key stakeholders 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.75 0.75 B. Creating awareness about the need for trade policy 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.25 0.75 C. Establishment of formal consultative mechanisms 0.75 1.00 0.75 1.00 1.00 D. Functioning of formal consultative mechanisms 0.75 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.75 E. Regular information flow to the stakeholders including on the content of trade policy 0.50 0.50 0.25 0.25 0.50 Part I Score 3.50/5.00 3.25/5.00 2.50/5.0 2.75/5.00 3.75/5.00

21. IV. MEASURING INCLUSIVENESS: THE INCLUSIVE TRADE POLICY MAKING (ITPM) INDEX ITPM Action Variable KENYA MALAWI TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA Part II. Other relevant government ministries/agencies F. Regular participation in the process and feedback to the relevant authorities 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.75 0.75 G. Faithful representation of and regular feedback to the represented constituencies 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 H. Acquiring relevant knowledge and expertise 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Part II Score 2.00/3.00 1.75/3.00 1.50/3.00 1.75/3.0 1.75/3.00 Part III. Private sector and business umbrella organizations I. Regular participation in the process and feedback to the relevant authorities 1.00 1.00 0.75 1.00 1.00 J. Faithful representation of and regular feedback to the represented constituencies 0.50 0.75 0.75 0.50 0.50 K. Acquiring relevant knowledge and expertise 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Part III Score 2.00/3.00 2.25/3.0 2.00/3.00 2.00/3.00 2.00/3.00

22. IV. MEASURING INCLUSIVENESS: THE INCLUSIVE TRADE POLICY MAKING (ITPM) INDEX ITPM Action Variable KENYA MALAWI TANZANIA UGANDA ZAMBIA Part IV. Civil society organizations L. Regular participation in the process and feedback to the relevant authorities 0.75 0.25 0.50 0.25 1.00 M. Faithful representation of and regular feedback to the represented constituencies 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 N. Acquiring relevant knowledge and expertise 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.75 0.50 Part IV Score 2.00/3.00 1.25/3.00 1.50/3.00 1.75/3.00 2.00/3.00 ITPM Index Score 9.50/14.0 8.50/14.00 7.50/14.00 8.25/14.00 9.50/14.00