Robyn Fleming, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Aimee Lind, Getty Research Institute, USA No *ART* Library left behind: cross-border resource sharing among art libraries
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This document discusses resource sharing among art libraries in the United States and models for international resource sharing. It provides background on the Thomas J. Watson Library at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Getty Research Library in Los Angeles, outlining their histories, collections, and roles in national and international interlibrary loan. The document notes that art libraries have unique users and materials, and that resource sharing is facilitated through OCLC and the SHARES consortium, which allows for efficient borrowing and lending among members, including preferential treatment for sharing between art institutions.
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Robyn Fleming, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Aimee Lind, Getty Research Institute, USA No *ART* Library left behind: cross-border resource sharing among art libraries
- 1. No *Art* Library Left Behind: Cross-Border Resource Sharing Among Art Libraries ROBYN FLEMING, THOMAS J. WATSON LIBRARY, THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART AIMEE LIND, GETTY RESEARCH LIBRARY 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 3. Introduction THE MET AND GETTY LIBRARIES 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 4. Art Museum Libraries in the United States “An amply endowed, thoroughly constructed art institution, free alike from bungling government officials and from the control of a single individual...; an institution which will command the confidence of judicious friends of art, and especially of those who have means to strengthen and increase its value to the city and to the nation, is surely worth consideration in a club like this.” 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE Meeting at the Union League Club to discuss the founding of an art museum in New York, 1869
- 5. Thomas J. Watson Library: History • 1870: Metropolitan Museum incorporated for the purpose “of establishing and maintaining… a museum and library of art…” • 1901: Jacob Rogers fund ($5m) for art and books; collecting flourished 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 6. Thomas J. Watson Library: History • 1910: library moved to its current location • Designed by McKim, Mead and White 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 7. Thomas J. Watson Library: History • 1965: substantially enlarged and renamed the Thomas J. Watson Library 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 8. Thomas J. Watson Library: The Collection • 1,000,000 volumes • 21,000 serial titles • 136,000 auction catalogs • 20,000 artist files • 10,000 volumes in Rare Bookcage • 30 physical locations 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 9. Thomas J. Watson Library: The Collection • Reflects Museum’s encyclopedic scope (5,000 years of art from all cultures) • Supports current and future research activities of Museum staff • Core strengths: • Fine and decorative arts • Material culture • Arms and armor • Fashion and costume • Musical instruments • Auction and trade catalogs • Early artists’ manuals and handbooks • Examples of fine printing 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 10. J. Paul Getty Trust 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 11. Getty Research Library: History • 1954: J. Paul Getty opens museum at his Malibu ranch house (~2000 book curatorial library) • 1970s: Villa museum opens; library grows to 14,000 titles • 1976: Getty dies; leaves bulk of estate to J. Paul Getty Trust • 1982/83: Bequest received; Getty Research Institute conceived with library as core component • 1985: Research Institute & Library open in Santa Monica, CA 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 12. Getty Research Library: History • Three Resource Collections built: General Collections, Photo Archive, Archives of the History of Art • Scholarly Libraries: Ulrich Mitteldorf, Nikolaus Pevsner, Sir Ellis Waterhouse, Wilhelm Arntz, Jean Brown, among others • 1986: over 500,000 items 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 14. Getty Research Library: The Collection • Over 1,400,000 volumes of general collections books, serials, and auction catalogs • Over 50,000 rare books • Over 15,000 rare serials • Over 20,000 linear ft (6 kms) of archives, manuscripts, and architectural drawings • Over 22,000 single prints and drawings in albums/collections • Over 1,000 collections of rare photographs • Over 1.8 million study photographs 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 15. Getty Research Library: The Collection • Core strengths: • Architectural drawings and models • Archives of art dealers and galleries • Artistic biographies and treatises • Artists’ journals, letters, sketchbooks, and teaching materials • Early guidebooks and travel literature • Emblem books • Festival books and prints • Libraries and papers of notable art historians, critics, artists, architects, photographers, designers, collectors, and public institutions • Primary materials for the history of 19th/20th c. artistic & intellectual movements • Notable recent acquisitions: • Harald Szeemann Papers • M. Knoedler & Co. Records • Frank Gehry Papers 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 16. Characteristics Unique to Art Libraries 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 17. Typical Art Library Users 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE Archaeologists Curators Architects Designers Architectural Historians Fashion/Costume Historians Art Collectors Film Historians Art Critics Filmmakers Art Dealers Historians Art Enthusiasts Journalists/Writers Art Historians Museum Visitors Artists Preservationists Conservators Tour Guides
- 18. What Sets Art Libraries Apart? GENERAL HUMANITIES RESEARCH • Critical Theory • Historiography • Methodology • Primary Source/Archival/Object-based ART-LIBRARY SPECIFIC • Connoisseurship • Conservation/Scientific Analysis • Iconography/Symbols (signatures, marks, etc.) • Visual Resources: for study and authentication • Provenance Research: business of art, curatorial 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 19. Visual Resources • Used to study changes over time • Important provenance research tools 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 21. Art Library Materials Albums Conservation Literature Materials Research Reports Archaeological Reports Emblem Books Materials Samples Architectural Drawings Ephemera Models Art, Architecture & Design Journals Ethnographic Studies Oral Histories Artist Files/Vertical Files Exhibition Catalogues Picture Collections Artist Monographs Facsimiles Price Guides Artists’ Books Festival Books Salons/Biennials/International Expositions Auction Catalogues Historical Guidebooks & Maps Technical/Trade Manuals Catalogues Raisonnés Manuscripts Video Art 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 22. Resource Sharing AMONG ART LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 23. Types of Art Libraries ART MUSEUM LIBRARIES • The Metropolitan Museum of Art • Art Institute of Chicago INDEPENDENT ART RESEARCH INSTITUTE LIBRARIES • Getty Research Institute • Winterthur Library UNIVERSITY/COLLEGE ART DEPARTMENT LIBRARIES • Harvard Fine Arts Library • Cornell Fine Arts Library ART SECTIONS OF MAJOR PUBLIC/ GOVERNMENT LIBRARIES • New York Public Library • Smithsonian Institution 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 24. WorldCat and WorldShare ILL 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 25. Interlibrary Loan Fee Management (IFM) • Do not pay separate ILL fees for each request • Net borrowing and lending fees tallied monthly by OCLC • Eliminates stress of currency differences 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 26. SHARES Consortium • Over 100 research libraries primarily from the US, Canada, UK • Holdings in WorldCat • 80,000 ILL transactions per year • Requests prioritized and expedited • Low fees via IFM: • $10 non-returnables • $10 returnables same continent • $30 returnables overseas • High level of trust 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 27. SHARES Art to Art • No ILL fees • Consider lending non-circulating, rare, fragile, etc. items • Flexible re: “Library Use Only” • Highest levels of trust MEMBERS • Art Institute of Chicago • Bard Graduate Center • Sterling & Francine Clark Art Institute • Cleveland Museum of Art • Frick Collection Art Reference Library • Getty Research Institute • Metropolitan Museum of Art • Museum of Fine Arts, Houston • National Gallery of Art • Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art • St. Louis Art Museum • Winterthur Museum Library 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 28. ILL Borrowing at The Met and the Getty BORROWING POLICIES PRIMARY ILL USERS 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE • Anyone with staff ID is eligible • The Met: ~450 active users • Getty: ~300 active users • No request limit per user • No cost limit per request • Users not required to consult local libraries first • ILL staff exhaust all possible sources before cancelling Curators Visiting Scholars Conservators Scientists Research Assistants Interns
- 29. ILL Borrowing at The Met and the Getty WATSON LIBRARY Requests filled: 14,341 (2,900/yr)* GETTY RESEARCH LIBRARY: Requests filled: 23,040 (4,600/yr)* 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 30. ILL Lending at The Met and the Getty LENDING POLICIES • Circulate via ILL in order to have borrowing privileges • “Library Use Only” • Strict shipping requirements • No transaction fees to art libraries; $20-$35 or 2-3 IFLA to other non-SHARES libraries • Watson deflects requests from non-SHARES libraries; Getty accepts all incoming requests 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 31. ILL Lending at The Met and the Getty: Non-Circulating WATSON LIBRARY • Most curatorial department books • Offsite (unless SHARES last resort) • Auction catalogs • Periodicals • Special Collections GETTY RESEARCH LIBRARY • Special Collections 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE Both offer scans whenever possible Both digitize books in the public domain on demand
- 32. ILL Lending at The Met and the Getty: SHARES WATSON LIBRARY Requests received: 16,360 (3,272/yr) Requests filled through ILL: 7,453 (2,886/yr) GETTY RESEARCH LIBRARY: Requests received: 49,167 (9,833/yr) Requests filled through ILL: 25,527 (5,505/yr) 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 33. ILL Lending at The Met and the Getty: Beyond SHARES WATSON LIBRARY GETTY RESEARCH LIBRARY: 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 34. Models for International Resource Sharing among Art Libraries 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 36. Local Art Library Initiatives: Digitization on Demand 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 37. Local Art Library Initiatives: Open Content/Open Access • Getty Open Content Program: over 100,000 images • Met Open Access for Scholarly Content (OASC): over 400,000 images • Getty Virtual Library: 175 back titles published by the Getty, freely available online • MetPublications: over 1,600 titles published by The Met freely available online • Watson Library’s Metropolitan Museum of Art Publications project aims to enhance and supplement MetPublications, with 2,200 titles online to date 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 38. Collaborative Art Library Initiatives: Discovery & Access • SCIPIO: Sales Catalogue Index Project • Art Discovery Group Catalogue • Getty Research Portal • Digital Cicognara Project • PHAROS: Photo Archives Resource • Provenance Projects: • Digitization Initiatives • Getty Provenance Index Databases 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 39. Collaborative Art Library Initiatives: SCIPIO (1980-Present) • Sales Catalog Index Project Input Online (SCIPIO) • Database of records from 25 US and European art libraries • Over 300,000 auction catalog records covering sales from late 16th century to the present. 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 40. Collaborative Art Library Initiatives: Art Discovery Group Catalogue (2014-Present) 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE • Grew out of Artlibraries.net • Contains holdings of 46 individual art libraries and 2 networks (IRIS and KUBIKAT) • Represents art libraries in 15 countries on 5 continents • http://artdiscovery.net/
- 41. Collaborative Art Library Initiatives: Getty Research Portal (2012-Present) 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE • Free online search platform for fully digitized art historical texts • Currently 103,168 titles from 25 institutions • Top 5 contributors to date: Gallica, Getty, Heidelberg, INHA, Met • http://portal.getty.edu/
- 42. Collaborative Art Library Initiatives: Digital Cicognara Library (2015-Present) 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE • Open-access digitized copies of books representing the collection of Count Leopoldo Cicognara • 5000 early imprints comprising foundational literature of art and archaeology • https://cicognara.org/
- 43. Collaborative Art Library Initiatives: PHAROS (2013-Present) 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE • International consortium of 14 European and North American art historical photo archives • Digital research platform providing access to tens of millions of photo archive images and associated scholarly documentation • http://pharosartresearch.org/
- 44. Provenance Initiatives: Gallery/Dealer Archives Digitization Projects 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE • M. Knoedler & Co. • exhibition catalogs, pamphlets, and checklists (1869-1946) • 898 exhibition catalogs, pamphlets, checklists, and unpublished materials (1869-1946) • Duveen Brothers • 400 reels of microfilm and 634 linear feet of records from Duveen Brothers stock documentation • Brummer Gallery • 16,000 object stock cards, 4000 address cards, inventory and ledgers, photographs, business and personal correspondence
- 45. Provenance Initiatives: Getty Provenance Index Databases 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE Over 1.7 million records transcribed records from: • Archival Inventories • Sales Catalogues • Dealer Stock Books • Payments to Artists • Public Collections http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/ provenance/ Network diagram of agents connecting the British, French, Dutch, and Belgian auction markets from 1801–20 using 230,000 records from the Getty Provenance Index® databases. ©J. Paul Getty Trust and Maximilian Schich
- 46. Continuing Challenges and Potential Solutions FOR INTERNATIONAL RESOURCE SHARING AMONG ART LIBRARIES 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 47. Continuing Challenges • Participation • Institutional Culture • Financial Burdens • Geography • Shipping logistics and costs • Payment • Copyright 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 48. Challenge: Participation RE: INSTITUTIONAL CULTURE • Non-circulating collections • “We don’t participate in international ILL” POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS • Non-circulating ≠ non-lending • Use trusted network • “Library Use Only” 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 49. Challenge: Participation RE: FINANCIAL BURDENS • Consortium fees • Transaction fees • Shipping fees POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS • Tiered pricing • Sponsorships • Collaborative grants 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 51. Challenge: Shipping Logistics 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE
- 58. Thank you! ROBYN FLEMING: robyn.fleming@metmuseum.org AIMEE LIND: alind@getty.edu 2017 IFLA INTERNATIONAL INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY CONFERENCE