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DATA SCAN: THE HEALTH OF THE
   LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND
   TRANSGENDER COMMUNITIES IN
   COLORADO

Indira Gujral, PhD
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Data Partner: ONE Colorado
September 8, 2011
Table of Contents
   Elevating LGBT health in the United States
   Overview of Survey Sampling
   Health of LGBQ Youth: data from the 2009 Boulder
    County Youth Risk Behavior Survey
   Health of LGB Adults: data from the Colorado Behavioral
    Risk Factor Surveillance System (2006 – 2009)
   HIV or AIDS: state surveillance
   Filling In the Gaps: Data from A Conversation with
    Coloradans (One Colorado Education Fund’s Needs
    Assessment)
   Contacts and Resources
ELEVATING LGBT HEALTH IN
THE UNITED STATES
Elevating LGBT Health in the U.S.
 In 2011, the U.S. Department of Health and
  Human Services recommended 14 actions to
  improve the health and well-being of the LGBT
  communities.
 5 Examples of Recommended Actions:
     Healthy  People 2020
     The Affordable Care Act
     Anti-Bullying Efforts
     Improvements in Foster and Adoptive Care
     Runaway and Homeless Youth Services
Elevating LGBT Health in the U.S.
 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  Recommended 6 Future Actions (2011).
 Example of 2 Future Recommended Actions:

     LGBT  Cultural Competency Curricula
     Increase the number of federally funded surveys
      collecting data on Sexual Orientation and Gender
      Identity (starts 2013)
Lots to Celebrate, Still Work to Do
Goals and Objectives

 The goal of this data scan is to provide a
  baseline of LGBT health in Colorado
 To accomplish this goal, we have 2 Objectives
    1.    Provide data from two population-based surveys
          assessing youth and adults
          2009 Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey
          Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

    2.    Provide data from convenience-sample survey of
          adults
          One   Colorado Educational Fund’s Needs Assessment
OVERVIEW OF SURVEY
SAMPLING
Overview: Population-based Sampling

   Population-based sampling is a probability
    sampling method which selects a subset of
    individuals from within a population to yield some
    knowledge about the whole population.
   Strengths of Population-based Sampling
           Cost: cheaper to sample group than whole population
           Time: data collection is faster
           Extrapolation: can generalize results to whole population
             Boulder County YRBS (generalize results about Boulder Youth)
             Colorado BRFSS (generalize results about Colorado adults)
   Weakness of Population-based Sampling
           Accuracy: for small populations, need to aggregate years
           Story: does not tell a full story
Overview: Convenience Sampling
   Convenience sampling is a type of non-probability
    sampling in which the sample is drawn from a
    population because the sample is readily available
    and convenient.
   Strengths of Convenience Sampling
           Cost: cheaper than probability sampling
           Time: data collection is very fast
           Small and difficult to reach populations
             One Colorado Education Fund’s Needs Assessment (LGBT
              community)
           Provides insight for new questions to be asked on population-based
            surveys
   Weaknesses of Convenience Sampling
           Extrapolation: can NOT generalize results to whole population
THE HEALTH OF LGBQ YOUTH IN
   BOULDER COUNTY, COLORADO

Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Boulder County Health Public Health
November, 2009
Methods: 2009 Boulder County YRBS

2009 Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey
 US Youth Risk Behaviors Survey

     Purpose is to monitor health risk behaviors (not assets)
     Data collected from randomly sampled schools and
      classrooms across the United States every other year
     Does NOT collect sexual orientation

   Boulder County YRBS does collect sexual
    orientation (county adds the question)
Methods: 2009 Boulder County YRBS

Boulder County YRBS
 Administered in 18 high schools

    9  high schools in Boulder County School District
     9 high schools in St. Vrain Valley School District

 108 questions (including sexual orientation)
 2,491 high school students

 Sexual Orientation Status

     Lesbian,   Gay, Bisexual and Questioning (LGBQ)
   Excludes Gender Identity
Results: 2009 Boulder County YRBS
Results by Topic Area
   Demographics
   Family and Community Service
   Injury
   Safety and Harassment
   School Safety
   Sexual Assault and Dating Violence
   Depression
   Suicide
   Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana
   Weight Issues
   Behaviors Influencing Weight
   Physical Activity
Results: Demographics

                                        Sexual Orientation


                                               9.3




                                                                                   LGBQ
                                                                                   Heterosexual



                                 90.7



Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
Results: Family and Community
   100%
     90%                *    86%

     80%             78%                               77%
                                                 *
     70%                                        64%
     60%
     50%                                                                  *
                                                                                  43%         LBGQ
     40%                                                                  38%
                                                                                              Heterosexual
     30%
     20%
     10%
       0%
                  Parents have    4 or more meals with    Engaged in
               behavior standards   family per week    Community Service

*Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05)
 Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
Results: Injury
     100.0%
       90.0%
       80.0%                 75.2%
                         68.8%
                     67.1%
       70.0%
       60.0%
       50.0%                                                                                  LGBQ
       40.0%                                                           *                      Heterosexual
                                                                     31.6%
       30.0%                                                                   24.6%
                                                                           22.4%
                                                                                              Colorado
       20.0%                                   *
       10.0%                                  7.7%          7.6%
                                                     5.0%
        0.0%
                  Never/rarely wear Never/rarely wear Rode with Driver
                    bicycle helmet      seat belt    who drank alcohol


*Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05)
 Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
Results: Safety and Harassment
   100.0%
                              90.8%
    90.0%               *
                      78.4%
    80.0%
    70.0%
    60.0%
    50.0%
                                                 *                                            LGBQ
    40.0%                                                                 *
                                                29.8%
                                                                          26.8%               Heterosexual
    30.0%
    20.0%                                               12.9%
    10.0%                                                                         3.9%
     0.0%
                     Felt Safe in         Electronically Bullied Harassed because
                    Neighborhood                                someone thought you
                                                                    were LGB

*Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05)
 Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
Results: School Safety
   100.0%
    90.0%
    80.0%
    70.0%
    60.0%
    50.0%                                                                                     LGBQ
    40.0%                                                                                     Heterosexual
                                                                          *
    30.0%                                                                                     Colorado
                       *                        *                       20.8%
    20.0%                                     14.9%                          14.1%16.7%
                    13.4%
    10.0%                  4.0% 5.1%                5.9% 8.0%

     0.0%
                 Did not go to school          Threatened or         Carried a weapon
                 because felt unsafe         injured on school
                                                  property

*Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05)
 Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
Results: Dating and Sexual Assault
   100.0%
     90.0%
     80.0%
     70.0%
     60.0%
     50.0%                                                                                    LGBQ
                                                                                              Heterosexual
     40.0%
                                               *                                              Colorado
     30.0%
                     *                       20.8%                       *
     20.0%          13.8%
                                 9.1%                                  10.7%
     10.0%                6.4%                             7.7%
                                                    4.4%                     2.4% 4.6%
       0.0%
                         Hurt by      Forced to have sexual           First sex < age 13
                 girlfriend/boyfriend      intercourse

*Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05)
 Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
Results: Depression
   100.0%
     90.0%
                                                   81.6%
     80.0%                                    *
                                             72.9%
     70.0%
     60.0%          *
                    52.2%                                                    51.6%
     50.0%                                                                                    LGBQ
                                                                                              Heterosexual
     40.0%                                                             *
                                                                       29.3%                  Colorado
     30.0%                    25.4%
                         22.3%
     20.0%
     10.0%
       0.0%
                  Felt sad/hopeless Has someone to talk Gets help when sad


*Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05)
 Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
Results: Suicide
   100.0%
     90.0%
     80.0%
     70.0%
     60.0%
     50.0%                                                                                    LGBQ
                    *                        *                                                Heterosexual
     40.0%          35.3%
                                             28.9%                                            Colorado
     30.0%                                                               *
                                                                       20.3%
     20.0%                    13.7%
                         11.1%                      9.2%11.0%
     10.0%                                                                           7.6%
                                                                              4.2%
       0.0%
                Seriously considered         Planned suicide         Attempted suicide


*Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05)
 Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
Results: Tobacco, Alcohol, Marijuana
   100.0%
     90.0%
     80.0%
     70.0%
     60.0%                                   *
                                             52.3%
     50.0%                                                                                    LGBQ
                   *                               41.8%
                    39.0%                               40.8%                                 Heterosexual
     40.0%
                                                                                              Colorado
     30.0%               24.3%24.9%                                    *
                                                                       20.3%
     20.0%
     10.0%                                                                          7.6%
                                                                             4.2%
       0.0%
                Current tobacco use Current alcohol use Current marijuana
                                                               use
*Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05)
 Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
Results: Weight Issues
   100.0%
     90.0%
     80.0%                                                                   73.9%
     70.0%                                                              *
                                                                       58.9%
     60.0%                                    *
     50.0%                                   47.7%                                            LGBQ
                                                   37.8%38.6%                                 Heterosexual
     40.0%
                                                                                              Colorado
     30.0%
     20.0%           *
                    11.8%
     10.0%               5.1% 7.1%
       0.0%
                         Obese                Trying to lose         Vigorous physical
                                                                         activity

*Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05)
 Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
Results: Behaviors Influencing Weight
   100.0%
     90.0%
     80.0%
     70.0%
     60.0%
     50.0%                                                                                    LGBQ
                                                   40.7%                                      Heterosexual
     40.0%                                    *
                                             30.1%                                            Colorado
     30.0%                                                             23.1%     25.1%
                                                                            19.8%
     20.0%           *
                    10.1%
     10.0%               3.0% 3.6%
       0.0%
                 Vomited/Laxatives          Sleep ≥ 8 hours         ≥ 3 hours tv/comp


*Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05)
 Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
THE HEALTH OF LGB ADULTS IN
   COLORADO

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
2006 – 2009
Background


According to the Williams Institute at
UCLA School of Law, it is estimated that
more than 186,000 LGBT individuals
live in Colorado, including 12,000
transgender people.
Background: LGBT Health
Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2006 – 2009)

   Very few federal and state health surveillance
    surveys include measures of respondents’ sexual
    orientation
   Research from non-population-based surveys
    provides evidence of health disparities among
    lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)
    populations
   Healthy People 2020, the US Department of Health
    and Human Services, the Institute of Medicine, and
    others call for increased efforts to study and to
    improve LGBT health
Background: Sexual Orientation and
the BRFSS
Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2006 – 2009)

   Few states have added sexual orientation to the
    Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS)
   Recently published results from Massachusetts and
    Washington provide evidence of LGBT health
    disparities
        Conron  et al., AJPH, October 2010
        Dilley et al., AJPH, March 2010

   Colorado added sexual orientation to its BRFSS in
    2006
Methods: Colorado’s BRFSS Question
Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2006 – 2009)

“Research has shown that some sexual minority
  community members have important health risk
  factors. We are collecting information about sexual
  orientation to learn whether this is true in Colorado.

       Do You consider yourself to be: Heterosexual, that is, straight;
         Homosexual, that is, gay or lesbian; Bisexual, or something
         else?
       Survey Does NOT measure Gender Identity
Results: Demographics of BRFSS Respondents

                                  0.9%           0.1%        1.3%




                                                                                          Sexual Orientation
                                                                                                       Homosexual
                                                                                                       Heterosexual
                                                                                                       Bisexual
                                                                                                       Other




                                               97.7%

Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of
Public Health & Environment.
Demographics of Respondents: Age

    100.0%
     90.0%
                          79.3%
     80.0%
     70.0%          63.2%
     60.0%
                                52.8%
                                                                                                     Homosexual
     50.0%
                                                                                                     Bisexual
     40.0%                                                                           37.4%
                                                                                                     Heterosexual
     30.0%                                                               24.3%
     20.0%                                                                     16.4%
                                               12.5%
                                                            9.8%
     10.0%                                           4.4%
       0.0%
                          18-34                     35-49                       50+

Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of
Public Health & Environment.
Demographics of Respondents: Urban/Rural

    100.0%
     90.0%
     80.0%
     70.0%          65.1%63.2%
     60.0%
                                51.5%                                                                Homosexual
     50.0%
                                                                                                     Bisexual
     40.0%                                                                                           Heterosexual
                                                          30.2%
     30.0%                                     24.6%22.8%
                                                                                   18.3%
     20.0%                                                                    13.7%
                                                                         10.4%
     10.0%
       0.0%
                     Denver Metro               Other Urban                    Rural

Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of
Public Health & Environment.
Demographics of Respondents: Race/Ethnicity

100.0%
 90.0%
 80.0%        76.0% 75.0%
                  70.2%
 70.0%
 60.0%
                                                                                                              Homosexual
 50.0%
                                                                                                              Bisexual
 40.0%                                                                                                        Heterosexual

 30.0%
                                                       19.5%17.8%
 20.0%                                             13.6%
 10.0%                                                                   5.0%               4.0%
                                 3.3% 2.5%                            3.4% 3.4%          3.7%
                                     1.2%                                                          1.4%
   0.0%
                  White              Black           Hispanic             Other          Multiracial

Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of
Public Health & Environment.
Demographics of Respondents: Educational Attainment

    100.0%
     90.0%
     80.0%                                                               74.3%
     70.0%                                                                           67.2%
                                                                               59.3%
     60.0%
     50.0%                                                                                           Homosexual
     40.0%                                                                                           Bisexual
                                                    29.1%                                            Heterosexual
     30.0%                                               24.0%
                                               21.7%
     20.0%
                         11.6%
                              8.7%
     10.0%           4.0%
       0.0%
                   Did not complete              High School              Some College
                     High School                  Graduate

Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of
Public Health & Environment.
Demographics of Respondents: Poverty

    100.0%
     90.0%
     80.0%                                                      73.1%            74.1%
     70.0%
     60.0%                                                              54.6%
                                                                                                     Homosexual
     50.0%                       45.4%
                                                                                                     Bisexual
     40.0%                                                                                           Heterosexual
     30.0%              26.9%             25.9%

     20.0%
     10.0%
       0.0%
                          Below 200% FPL                         Above 200% FPL

Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of
Public Health & Environment.
Demographics of Respondents: Marital Status

    100.0%
     90.0%
     80.0%
     70.0%                 65.3%

     60.0%
                                                              47.7%                                  Homosexual
     50.0%                                                46.2%

     40.0%                                                                                           Bisexual
                                                                              34.4%
                       29.2%                                                                         Heterosexual
     30.0%
     20.0%                                    14.6%                16.0%
                                          13.4%
                   8.6%               10.8%                                        9.7%
     10.0%                                                                             4.2%
       0.0%
                     Married             Formerly       Never Married          Unmarried
                                         Married                                Couple

Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of
Public Health & Environment.
Demographics of Respondents: Children in Household

    100.0%
     90.0%
                                                                82.9%
     80.0%
     70.0%
     60.0%                                                                       54.1%
                                                                        52.1%                        Homosexual
     50.0%                       47.9% 45.9%
                                                                                                     Bisexual
     40.0%                                                                                           Heterosexual
     30.0%
     20.0%              17.1%

     10.0%
       0.0%
                                  Yes                                     No

Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of
Public Health & Environment.
Results: Demographic Summary

                       Variable                            Significant                  Not Significant
                           Age                                    X
                  Rural Residency                                 X
                   Race/Ethnicity                                                                X
                      Education                                                                  X
                        Poverty                                                                  X
                    Marital Status                                X
             Children in Household                                X



*Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05)
 Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department
of Public Health & Environment.
What is the prevalence of health
conditions and behaviors among
Colorado’s LGB population?
Results: General Health

                                                      12.0%
           Fair or Poor General Health                 14.4%
                                                    9.6%



                                                         17.8%                                         Heterosexual
                Some Physical Disability                          30.1% *                              Bisexual
                                                           20.9%                                       Homosexual



                                                                               50.10%
  Don't Always Get Needed Emotional
                                                                                             71.40%
               Support
                                                                                    57.20%

*Statistically Significant Difference compared to Heterosexual (p<0.05)
Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of
Public Health & Environment.
Results: Health Services and Screenings

                                                     16.6%
                No Health Insurance                            31.3% *
                                                   14.2%

                                                        20.7%
No Regular Primary Care Provider                           26.0%
                                                          24.5%
                                                                                                            Heterosexual
                                                                                    61.8%
             Never had an HIV test                                37.4%                                     Bisexual
                                                              29.7% *
                                                                                                            Homosexual
                                                                                   60.2%
               Did Not Get Flu Shot                                                        71.6% *
                                                                                   60.2%

                                                                                              76.7%
  Did Not Get Pneumonia Vaccine                                                                78.4%
                                                                                             74.3%

*Statistically Significant Difference compared to Heterosexual (p<0.05)
Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of
Public Health & Environment.
Results: Risk Behaviors
                                             6.70%
    Don't Always Use a Seatbelt             5.80%
                                              8.80%

                                                    17.2%
                Physically Inactive                   20.2%
                                                 12.4% *

                                                     16.4%                                                  Heterosexual
                       Binge Drink                           28.2%*                                         Bisexual
                                                           25.0%*                                           Homosexual

                                                     17.3%
                  Current Smokers                                   35.4%*
                                                                   34.1%*

                                                                                                   74.9%
Insufficient Fruits and Vegetables                                                                73.1%
                                                                                                   75.5%
*Statistically Significant Difference compared to Heterosexual (p<0.05)
Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of
Public Health & Environment.
Results: Chronic Disease

Diagnosed Heart Disease or Angina              4.5%
                                             2.5%


            Diagnosed with Diabetes           3.2%
                                              3.4%


                       Current Asthma                    13.8%                                              Heterosexual
                                                         14.3% *
                                                                                                            Bisexual
                                                                21.3%                                       Homosexual
            Diagnosed Hypertension                              20.8%
                                                                 22.3%


                     High Cholesterol                                         34.5%
                                                                            32.3%

                                                                                                  55.90%
               Overweight or Obese                                                            50.50%
                                                                                             48.90%

*Statistically Significant Difference compared to Heterosexual (p<0.05)
Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of
Public Health & Environment.
Results: Homosexual Respondents
         Diagnosed Heart Disease or Angina                     2.5%

                     Diagnosed with Diabetes                    3.4%

                 Don't Always Use a Seatbelt                           8.80%

                 Fair or Poor General Health                           9.6%

                          Drinking and Driving                         9.80%

                             Physically Inactive                           12.4%

                           No Health Insurance                                 14.2%

                                 Current Asthma                                14.3%

                      Some Physical Disability                                         20.9%

                      Diagnosed Hypertension                                             22.3%

          No Regular Primary Care Provider                                                 24.5%

                                     Binge Drink                                           25.0%

                        Never had an HIV test                                                      29.7%

                               High Cholesterol                                                        32.3%

                                Current Smokers                                                         34.1%

                         Overweight or Obese                                                                          48.90%

Don't Always Get Needed Emotional Support                                                                                       57.20%

                          Did Not Get Flu Shot                                                                                     60.2%

             Did Not Get Pneumonia Vaccine                                                                                                          74.3%

            Insufficient Fruits and Vegetables                                                                                                       75.5%

                                                        0.0%       10.0%         20.0%         30.0%       40.0%   50.0%       60.0%       70.0%      80.0%

Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
Results: Bisexual Respondents
         Diagnosed Heart Disease or Angina                       4.5%

                     Diagnosed with Diabetes                   3.2%

                 Don't Always Use a Seatbelt                      5.80%

                 Fair or Poor General Health                               14.4%

                          Drinking and Driving                 2.10%

                             Physically Inactive                                   20.2%

                           No Health Insurance                                                 31.3%

                                 Current Asthma                           13.8%

                      Some Physical Disability                                                30.1%

                      Diagnosed Hypertension                                       20.8%

          No Regular Primary Care Provider                                                 26.0%

                                     Binge Drink                                            28.2%

                        Never had an HIV test                                                          37.4%

                               High Cholesterol                                                     34.5%

                                Current Smokers                                                     35.4%

                         Overweight or Obese                                                                       50.50%

Don't Always Get Needed Emotional Support                                                                                              71.40%

                          Did Not Get Flu Shot                                                                                           71.6%

             Did Not Get Pneumonia Vaccine                                                                                                       78.4%

            Insufficient Fruits and Vegetables                                                                                            73.1%

                                                        0.0%      10.0%     20.0%      30.0%          40.0%    50.0%   60.0%     70.0%      80.0%        90.0%

Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
Results: Heterosexual Respondents
         Diagnosed Heart Disease or Angina                     2.7%

                     Diagnosed with Diabetes                     5.5%

                 Don't Always Use a Seatbelt                       6.70%

                 Fair or Poor General Health                              12.0%

                          Drinking and Driving                  4.10%

                             Physically Inactive                              17.2%

                           No Health Insurance                                16.6%

                                 Current Asthma                       7.9%

                      Some Physical Disability                                    17.8%

                      Diagnosed Hypertension                                         21.3%

          No Regular Primary Care Provider                                          20.7%

                                     Binge Drink                             16.4%

                        Never had an HIV test                                                                                  61.8%

                               High Cholesterol                                                   34.3%

                                Current Smokers                               17.3%

                         Overweight or Obese                                                                           55.90%

Don't Always Get Needed Emotional Support                                                                        50.10%

                          Did Not Get Flu Shot                                                                             60.2%

             Did Not Get Pneumonia Vaccine                                                                                                   76.7%

            Insufficient Fruits and Vegetables                                                                                             74.9%

                                                        0.0%      10.0%      20.0%        30.0%    40.0%    50.0%      60.0%      70.0%     80.0%     90.0%

Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
Results: Summary
     Diagnosed Heart Disease or…
         Diagnosed with Diabetes
     Don't Always Use a Seatbelt
     Fair or Poor General Health
              Drinking and Driving
                 Physically Inactive
               No Health Insurance
                     Current Asthma
          Some Physical Disability
          Diagnosed Hypertension                                                                                                                 Heterosexual
                                                                                                                                                 Bisexual
         No Regular Primary Care…
                                                                                                                                                 Homosexual
                         Binge Drink
            Never had an HIV test
                   High Cholesterol
                    Current Smokers
             Overweight or Obese
        Don't Always Get Needed…
              Did Not Get Flu Shot
 Did Not Get Pneumonia Vaccine
Insufficient Fruits and Vegetables
                                         0.0%      10.0%     20.0%      30.0%     40.0%      50.0%     60.0%      70.0%     80.0%     90.0%


Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
Conclusions
   Disparities in health behaviors and health conditions
    do exist between Colorado’s heterosexual and LGB
    populations
   LGB populations are not homogenous
   The prevalence of health behaviors and health
    outcomes varies within the LGB population
Limitations and Future Opportunities

   No data on transgender Coloradans
   No statewide data on LGBT youth
   Insufficient sample size to conduct analysis of
    rotating core and state added BRFSS questions by
    sexual orientation
HIV OR AIDS

Colorado HIV Surveillance Report
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
4th Quarter, 2010
Background: HIV or AIDS
 In Colorado, physicians, health care providers,
 hospitals, or any other person providing testing
 and/or counseling or treatment to a person with HIV
 infection are required by law to report HIV and
 AIDS related information to the Colorado
 Department of Public Health and Environment, or
 local health department.

 Laboratories must report tests that indicate HIV
 infection.
Overview: HIV or AIDS in Colorado
   The first case of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
    (AIDS) was diagnosed in 1982.
   Between 1982 and 2010, nearly 16,600 people have
    been diagnosed with HIV disease in Colorado.
   Between 2006 and 2010, new HIV diagnoses averaged
    430 per year.
   Between 2006 and 2010, HIV/AIDS deaths averaged
    103 per year.
   Since highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
    became widely available in 1996, both AIDS diagnoses
    and HIV/AIDS related deaths have declined significantly.
New Cases of HIV by year, Colorado
                                  350
                                                      302
                                  300   279
        Number of New HIV Cases




                                               256           249      249
                                  250

                                  200

                                  150                                               Male-male sex
                                                                                    Heterosexual contact
                                  100    72     76
                                                                       64
                                                       52     48
                                   50

                                    0
                                        2006   2007   2008   2009    2010
                                                      Year

Source: 4th Quarter, 2010, Colorado HIV Surveillance Report; Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
Racial/ethnic categories of individuals living with HIV
 due to male-male sex exposure, December 31, 2010
                                                   Percent
                              0.5%
                              0.7%        0.7%

                                                                            White
                        16.0%
                                                                            Black

                                                                            Hispanic
                9.0%
                                                                            Asian/Pacific Islander

                                                                            American
                                                     73.0%                  Indian/Alaska Native
                                                                            Multiple/Unknown



Source: 4th Quarter, 2010, Colorado HIV Surveillance Report; Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
FILLING IN THE DATA GAPS: THE
   HEALTH OF LGBT ADULTS IN
   COLORADO

One Colorado Education Fund’s Needs Assessment
ONE Colorado
2010
Methods: 2010 Conversation with
 Coloradans
One Colorado Education Fund’s Needs
 Assessment (AKA Needs Assessment)
  Purpose: start a dialogue about issues affecting
   LGBT people in Colorado
  Online or print survey of over 4,600 respondents
  Strength: sample size and inclusion of
   transgender people
  Weakness: not population-based; cannot
   generalize to the entire state
Results: 2010 Conversation with
  Coloradans
  One Colorado Education Fund’s Needs Assessment

Results by Topic Area
   Demographics
   Housing Discrimination
   Employment Discrimination
   Spirituality
   Philanthropy
   Top 5 Most Important Social Services
Health Equity
                       Health Begins Where You Live, Learn, Work and Play

                                                                NATIONAL INFLUENCES
                                                                GOVERNMENT POLICIES
                                                          U.S. CULTURE & CULTURAL NORMS


                                                                               +                                                         =
                              SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF                                                   HEALTH                                     POPULATION
LIFE COURSE
                                      HEALTH                                                           FACTORS                                     OUTCOMES



                                                                                                                          ACCESS ,
                                                                                       HEALTH
  PREGNANCY             ECONOMIC           PHYSICAL            SOCIAL                                    MENTAL         UTILIZATION
                                                                                     BEHAVIORS &         HEALTH          & QUALITY           QUALITY OF LIFE
                       OPPORTUNITY       ENVIRONMENT          FACTORS
                                                                                     CONDITIONS
                                                                                                                           CARE
    EARLY
                                                                                    • Nutrition       • Mental health   • Health
                                                                                                                                                  MORBIDITY
  CHILDHOOD            • Income         Built               • Participation
                                        Environment                                 • Physical          status            insurance
                       • Employment                         • Social
                       • Education      •Recreation           support                 activity        • Stress            coverage                MORTALITY
                                        •Food                                       • Tobacco use     • Substance       • Received
  CHILDHOOD            • Housing                            • Leadership
                                                                                                        abuse             needed care
                                        •Transportation
                                                            • Political             • Skin Cancer                                            LIFE EXPECTANCY
                                                                                    • Injury          • Functional      • Provider
                                                              influence
                                        Environmental                                                   status            availability
                                                            • Organization          • Oral health
 ADOLESCENCE                            quality                                                                         • Preventive
                                                              al networks           • Sexual health
                                        •Housing                                                                          care
                                                            • Violence
                                        •Water
                                                            • Racism                • Obesity
  ADULTHOOD                             •Air
                                                                                    • Cholesterol
                                        Safety                                      • High Blood
                                                                                      Pressure
OLDER ADULTS



Public Health’s Role in Addressing the Social Determinants of Health
•Advocating for and defining public policy to achieve health equity                   •Data collection, monitoring and surveillance
•Coordinated interagency efforts                                                      •Population based interventions to address health factors
•Creating organizational environments that enable change                              •Community engagement and capacity building

                                                                              Colorado Department of Public Health - Social Determinants of Health Workgroup
Demographics: Sexual Orientation
                                                Respondents
                                    2% 1%

                                5%              9%


                                                              Bisexual
                                                              Lesbian
                                                        29%   Gay
                                                              Queer
                                                              Chose not to label
                      54%                                     Self-Identify




Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
Demographics: Gender Identity
                                                Respondents
                            3% 1%




                                                    39%       Female
                                                              Male
                                                              Transgender/Transsexual
                                                              Self-Identify
                57%




Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
Demographics: Gender Identity
                                        Transgender People


                                13%

                                                 26%


                                                             Female to Male
                                                             Male to Female
                                                             Self-Identify



                              61%



Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
Demographics: Age
                                                Age Group
   100%
     90%
     80%
     70%
     60%
     50%
     40%
     30%                           25%           24%         22%
     20%           15%
                                                                     12%
     10%                                                                        3%
       0%
                 18-24            25-34         35-44       45-54   55-64   65 or older

Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
Housing Discrimination
                                   Report Being Denied Housing
   100%
    90%              87%

    80%
    70%
    60%
    50%
    40%
    30%
    20%
    10%                                  5%                                     7%
                                                  4%             2%
     0%
                   No one            Attorney Colorado Civil     Police         Other
                                                   Rights
                                                Commission
          Six (6) percent of respondents reported being denied housing due to sexual
                                  orientation or sexual identity
Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
Employment Discrimination
                                 Report Employment Discrimination
     100%
      90%
      80%           72%
      70%
      60%
      50%
      40%
      30%                         22%
      20%
                                                  7%                                           9%
      10%                                                      3%                    3%
                                                                           0%
       0%
                  No one       Human            Attorney    Colorado      Police   School     Other
                              Resources                    Civil Rights            Official
                                                           Commission
      Twenty-seven (27) percent of respondents experienced employment discrimination
                        due to sexual orientation or sexual identity
Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
Spirituality: Attending religious service

   100%
     90%
     80%
     70%
     60%
     50%                                                                LGBT
                                                                41%
     40%                                                                Transgender Only
                                                                  31%
     30%                                    23%23%
     20%              17%                            15%15%
                              12%14%
                 9%
     10%
       0%
               1 or more        1-3    Few times/yr 1 time/yr   Never
               times/wk      times/mth


Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
Philanthropy: Contributing to Charity
   100%
     90%
     80%
     70%
                                 62%
     60%                      58%

     50%                                                                         LGBT
     40%                                                                         Transgender Only
     30%
     20%           16%                          14%        15%
                10%                                10%           8%
     10%                                                                4% 3%
       0%
                   $0          $1-499       $500-999     $1,000-4,999   $5,000



Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
Top 5 Most Important Social Services

100%
  90%
  80%
  70%
  60%
  50%
                                                                                                                                                        LGBT
  40%                   34%
  30%
  20%
                                                          10%                                 9%                                  8%
  10%
    0%
            Ensuring school safety for LGBT   Access to LGBT-welcoming health Increasing services for people living Ensuring parents have information
                         youth                             care                           w/ HIV/AIDS                   for supporting LGBT youth

Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
DATA CONTACTS & RESOURCES
Data Contacts
   Indira Gujral, MS PhD, Epidemiologist, CDPHE
     Indira.Gujral@state.co.us

   Kyle Legleiter, MPH, Program Director, CDPHE
     Kyle.Legleiter@state.co.us

   Fran Simon, Simon Analytics
     Simonanalytics@gmail.com

   Kieu Vu, MSPH, BRFSS Coordinator, CDPHE
     Kieu.Vu@state.co.us
Resources
   The Affordable Care Act and the LGBT Community:
    http://lgbthealth.webolutionary.com/sites/default/files/ACA%20final.pdf
   The Affordable Care Act and LGBT Americans:
    http://www.healthcare.gov/news/factsheets/new_options_for_lgbt_americans.html
   Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey:
    http://www.bouldercounty.org/help/health/lgbtiq/pages/yrbsresultslinks.aspx
   Bullying: www.StopBullying.gov
   Colorado HIV Surveillance Report:
    http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/dc/HIVandSTD/HIV_STDSurv/HIV.AIDS.Surv.rpt.4thQuarter.20
    10.pdf
   One Colorado Needs Assessment: http://www.one-colorado.org/issues/2010-needs-
    assessment/
   Sexual Identity, Sex of Sexual Contacts and Health-Risk Behaviors Among Students in Grades
    9 – 12 – Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, Selected Sites, United States, 2001 – 2009:
    http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6007a1.htm
   Sexual Behavior, Sexual Attraction, and Sexual Identity in the United States: Data from the
    2006 – 2008 National Survey of Family Growth:
    http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr036.pdf
   U.S. Health and Human Services: http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/lgbt/

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Colorado lgbt data scan final 10 14-11

  • 1. DATA SCAN: THE HEALTH OF THE LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER COMMUNITIES IN COLORADO Indira Gujral, PhD Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Data Partner: ONE Colorado September 8, 2011
  • 2. Table of Contents  Elevating LGBT health in the United States  Overview of Survey Sampling  Health of LGBQ Youth: data from the 2009 Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey  Health of LGB Adults: data from the Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2006 – 2009)  HIV or AIDS: state surveillance  Filling In the Gaps: Data from A Conversation with Coloradans (One Colorado Education Fund’s Needs Assessment)  Contacts and Resources
  • 3. ELEVATING LGBT HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES
  • 4. Elevating LGBT Health in the U.S.  In 2011, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommended 14 actions to improve the health and well-being of the LGBT communities.  5 Examples of Recommended Actions:  Healthy People 2020  The Affordable Care Act  Anti-Bullying Efforts  Improvements in Foster and Adoptive Care  Runaway and Homeless Youth Services
  • 5. Elevating LGBT Health in the U.S.  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Recommended 6 Future Actions (2011).  Example of 2 Future Recommended Actions:  LGBT Cultural Competency Curricula  Increase the number of federally funded surveys collecting data on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (starts 2013)
  • 6. Lots to Celebrate, Still Work to Do
  • 7. Goals and Objectives  The goal of this data scan is to provide a baseline of LGBT health in Colorado  To accomplish this goal, we have 2 Objectives 1. Provide data from two population-based surveys assessing youth and adults  2009 Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2. Provide data from convenience-sample survey of adults  One Colorado Educational Fund’s Needs Assessment
  • 9. Overview: Population-based Sampling  Population-based sampling is a probability sampling method which selects a subset of individuals from within a population to yield some knowledge about the whole population.  Strengths of Population-based Sampling  Cost: cheaper to sample group than whole population  Time: data collection is faster  Extrapolation: can generalize results to whole population  Boulder County YRBS (generalize results about Boulder Youth)  Colorado BRFSS (generalize results about Colorado adults)  Weakness of Population-based Sampling  Accuracy: for small populations, need to aggregate years  Story: does not tell a full story
  • 10. Overview: Convenience Sampling  Convenience sampling is a type of non-probability sampling in which the sample is drawn from a population because the sample is readily available and convenient.  Strengths of Convenience Sampling  Cost: cheaper than probability sampling  Time: data collection is very fast  Small and difficult to reach populations  One Colorado Education Fund’s Needs Assessment (LGBT community)  Provides insight for new questions to be asked on population-based surveys  Weaknesses of Convenience Sampling  Extrapolation: can NOT generalize results to whole population
  • 11. THE HEALTH OF LGBQ YOUTH IN BOULDER COUNTY, COLORADO Youth Risk Behavior Survey Boulder County Health Public Health November, 2009
  • 12. Methods: 2009 Boulder County YRBS 2009 Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey  US Youth Risk Behaviors Survey  Purpose is to monitor health risk behaviors (not assets)  Data collected from randomly sampled schools and classrooms across the United States every other year  Does NOT collect sexual orientation  Boulder County YRBS does collect sexual orientation (county adds the question)
  • 13. Methods: 2009 Boulder County YRBS Boulder County YRBS  Administered in 18 high schools 9 high schools in Boulder County School District  9 high schools in St. Vrain Valley School District  108 questions (including sexual orientation)  2,491 high school students  Sexual Orientation Status  Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Questioning (LGBQ)  Excludes Gender Identity
  • 14. Results: 2009 Boulder County YRBS Results by Topic Area  Demographics  Family and Community Service  Injury  Safety and Harassment  School Safety  Sexual Assault and Dating Violence  Depression  Suicide  Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana  Weight Issues  Behaviors Influencing Weight  Physical Activity
  • 15. Results: Demographics Sexual Orientation 9.3 LGBQ Heterosexual 90.7 Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
  • 16. Results: Family and Community 100% 90% * 86% 80% 78% 77% * 70% 64% 60% 50% * 43% LBGQ 40% 38% Heterosexual 30% 20% 10% 0% Parents have 4 or more meals with Engaged in behavior standards family per week Community Service *Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
  • 17. Results: Injury 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 75.2% 68.8% 67.1% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% LGBQ 40.0% * Heterosexual 31.6% 30.0% 24.6% 22.4% Colorado 20.0% * 10.0% 7.7% 7.6% 5.0% 0.0% Never/rarely wear Never/rarely wear Rode with Driver bicycle helmet seat belt who drank alcohol *Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
  • 18. Results: Safety and Harassment 100.0% 90.8% 90.0% * 78.4% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% * LGBQ 40.0% * 29.8% 26.8% Heterosexual 30.0% 20.0% 12.9% 10.0% 3.9% 0.0% Felt Safe in Electronically Bullied Harassed because Neighborhood someone thought you were LGB *Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
  • 19. Results: School Safety 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% LGBQ 40.0% Heterosexual * 30.0% Colorado * * 20.8% 20.0% 14.9% 14.1%16.7% 13.4% 10.0% 4.0% 5.1% 5.9% 8.0% 0.0% Did not go to school Threatened or Carried a weapon because felt unsafe injured on school property *Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
  • 20. Results: Dating and Sexual Assault 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% LGBQ Heterosexual 40.0% * Colorado 30.0% * 20.8% * 20.0% 13.8% 9.1% 10.7% 10.0% 6.4% 7.7% 4.4% 2.4% 4.6% 0.0% Hurt by Forced to have sexual First sex < age 13 girlfriend/boyfriend intercourse *Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
  • 21. Results: Depression 100.0% 90.0% 81.6% 80.0% * 72.9% 70.0% 60.0% * 52.2% 51.6% 50.0% LGBQ Heterosexual 40.0% * 29.3% Colorado 30.0% 25.4% 22.3% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Felt sad/hopeless Has someone to talk Gets help when sad *Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
  • 22. Results: Suicide 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% LGBQ * * Heterosexual 40.0% 35.3% 28.9% Colorado 30.0% * 20.3% 20.0% 13.7% 11.1% 9.2%11.0% 10.0% 7.6% 4.2% 0.0% Seriously considered Planned suicide Attempted suicide *Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
  • 23. Results: Tobacco, Alcohol, Marijuana 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% * 52.3% 50.0% LGBQ * 41.8% 39.0% 40.8% Heterosexual 40.0% Colorado 30.0% 24.3%24.9% * 20.3% 20.0% 10.0% 7.6% 4.2% 0.0% Current tobacco use Current alcohol use Current marijuana use *Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
  • 24. Results: Weight Issues 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 73.9% 70.0% * 58.9% 60.0% * 50.0% 47.7% LGBQ 37.8%38.6% Heterosexual 40.0% Colorado 30.0% 20.0% * 11.8% 10.0% 5.1% 7.1% 0.0% Obese Trying to lose Vigorous physical activity *Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
  • 25. Results: Behaviors Influencing Weight 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% LGBQ 40.7% Heterosexual 40.0% * 30.1% Colorado 30.0% 23.1% 25.1% 19.8% 20.0% * 10.1% 10.0% 3.0% 3.6% 0.0% Vomited/Laxatives Sleep ≥ 8 hours ≥ 3 hours tv/comp *Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2009, Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey; Boulder County Health Department.
  • 26. THE HEALTH OF LGB ADULTS IN COLORADO Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment 2006 – 2009
  • 27. Background According to the Williams Institute at UCLA School of Law, it is estimated that more than 186,000 LGBT individuals live in Colorado, including 12,000 transgender people.
  • 28. Background: LGBT Health Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2006 – 2009)  Very few federal and state health surveillance surveys include measures of respondents’ sexual orientation  Research from non-population-based surveys provides evidence of health disparities among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations  Healthy People 2020, the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Institute of Medicine, and others call for increased efforts to study and to improve LGBT health
  • 29. Background: Sexual Orientation and the BRFSS Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2006 – 2009)  Few states have added sexual orientation to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS)  Recently published results from Massachusetts and Washington provide evidence of LGBT health disparities  Conron et al., AJPH, October 2010  Dilley et al., AJPH, March 2010  Colorado added sexual orientation to its BRFSS in 2006
  • 30. Methods: Colorado’s BRFSS Question Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2006 – 2009) “Research has shown that some sexual minority community members have important health risk factors. We are collecting information about sexual orientation to learn whether this is true in Colorado. Do You consider yourself to be: Heterosexual, that is, straight; Homosexual, that is, gay or lesbian; Bisexual, or something else? Survey Does NOT measure Gender Identity
  • 31. Results: Demographics of BRFSS Respondents 0.9% 0.1% 1.3% Sexual Orientation Homosexual Heterosexual Bisexual Other 97.7% Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 32. Demographics of Respondents: Age 100.0% 90.0% 79.3% 80.0% 70.0% 63.2% 60.0% 52.8% Homosexual 50.0% Bisexual 40.0% 37.4% Heterosexual 30.0% 24.3% 20.0% 16.4% 12.5% 9.8% 10.0% 4.4% 0.0% 18-34 35-49 50+ Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 33. Demographics of Respondents: Urban/Rural 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 65.1%63.2% 60.0% 51.5% Homosexual 50.0% Bisexual 40.0% Heterosexual 30.2% 30.0% 24.6%22.8% 18.3% 20.0% 13.7% 10.4% 10.0% 0.0% Denver Metro Other Urban Rural Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 34. Demographics of Respondents: Race/Ethnicity 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 76.0% 75.0% 70.2% 70.0% 60.0% Homosexual 50.0% Bisexual 40.0% Heterosexual 30.0% 19.5%17.8% 20.0% 13.6% 10.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.3% 2.5% 3.4% 3.4% 3.7% 1.2% 1.4% 0.0% White Black Hispanic Other Multiracial Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 35. Demographics of Respondents: Educational Attainment 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 74.3% 70.0% 67.2% 59.3% 60.0% 50.0% Homosexual 40.0% Bisexual 29.1% Heterosexual 30.0% 24.0% 21.7% 20.0% 11.6% 8.7% 10.0% 4.0% 0.0% Did not complete High School Some College High School Graduate Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 36. Demographics of Respondents: Poverty 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 73.1% 74.1% 70.0% 60.0% 54.6% Homosexual 50.0% 45.4% Bisexual 40.0% Heterosexual 30.0% 26.9% 25.9% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Below 200% FPL Above 200% FPL Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 37. Demographics of Respondents: Marital Status 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 65.3% 60.0% 47.7% Homosexual 50.0% 46.2% 40.0% Bisexual 34.4% 29.2% Heterosexual 30.0% 20.0% 14.6% 16.0% 13.4% 8.6% 10.8% 9.7% 10.0% 4.2% 0.0% Married Formerly Never Married Unmarried Married Couple Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 38. Demographics of Respondents: Children in Household 100.0% 90.0% 82.9% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 54.1% 52.1% Homosexual 50.0% 47.9% 45.9% Bisexual 40.0% Heterosexual 30.0% 20.0% 17.1% 10.0% 0.0% Yes No Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 39. Results: Demographic Summary Variable Significant Not Significant Age X Rural Residency X Race/Ethnicity X Education X Poverty X Marital Status X Children in Household X *Statistically Significant Difference between LGBQ and Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 40. What is the prevalence of health conditions and behaviors among Colorado’s LGB population?
  • 41. Results: General Health 12.0% Fair or Poor General Health 14.4% 9.6% 17.8% Heterosexual Some Physical Disability 30.1% * Bisexual 20.9% Homosexual 50.10% Don't Always Get Needed Emotional 71.40% Support 57.20% *Statistically Significant Difference compared to Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 42. Results: Health Services and Screenings 16.6% No Health Insurance 31.3% * 14.2% 20.7% No Regular Primary Care Provider 26.0% 24.5% Heterosexual 61.8% Never had an HIV test 37.4% Bisexual 29.7% * Homosexual 60.2% Did Not Get Flu Shot 71.6% * 60.2% 76.7% Did Not Get Pneumonia Vaccine 78.4% 74.3% *Statistically Significant Difference compared to Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 43. Results: Risk Behaviors 6.70% Don't Always Use a Seatbelt 5.80% 8.80% 17.2% Physically Inactive 20.2% 12.4% * 16.4% Heterosexual Binge Drink 28.2%* Bisexual 25.0%* Homosexual 17.3% Current Smokers 35.4%* 34.1%* 74.9% Insufficient Fruits and Vegetables 73.1% 75.5% *Statistically Significant Difference compared to Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 44. Results: Chronic Disease Diagnosed Heart Disease or Angina 4.5% 2.5% Diagnosed with Diabetes 3.2% 3.4% Current Asthma 13.8% Heterosexual 14.3% * Bisexual 21.3% Homosexual Diagnosed Hypertension 20.8% 22.3% High Cholesterol 34.5% 32.3% 55.90% Overweight or Obese 50.50% 48.90% *Statistically Significant Difference compared to Heterosexual (p<0.05) Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 45. Results: Homosexual Respondents Diagnosed Heart Disease or Angina 2.5% Diagnosed with Diabetes 3.4% Don't Always Use a Seatbelt 8.80% Fair or Poor General Health 9.6% Drinking and Driving 9.80% Physically Inactive 12.4% No Health Insurance 14.2% Current Asthma 14.3% Some Physical Disability 20.9% Diagnosed Hypertension 22.3% No Regular Primary Care Provider 24.5% Binge Drink 25.0% Never had an HIV test 29.7% High Cholesterol 32.3% Current Smokers 34.1% Overweight or Obese 48.90% Don't Always Get Needed Emotional Support 57.20% Did Not Get Flu Shot 60.2% Did Not Get Pneumonia Vaccine 74.3% Insufficient Fruits and Vegetables 75.5% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 46. Results: Bisexual Respondents Diagnosed Heart Disease or Angina 4.5% Diagnosed with Diabetes 3.2% Don't Always Use a Seatbelt 5.80% Fair or Poor General Health 14.4% Drinking and Driving 2.10% Physically Inactive 20.2% No Health Insurance 31.3% Current Asthma 13.8% Some Physical Disability 30.1% Diagnosed Hypertension 20.8% No Regular Primary Care Provider 26.0% Binge Drink 28.2% Never had an HIV test 37.4% High Cholesterol 34.5% Current Smokers 35.4% Overweight or Obese 50.50% Don't Always Get Needed Emotional Support 71.40% Did Not Get Flu Shot 71.6% Did Not Get Pneumonia Vaccine 78.4% Insufficient Fruits and Vegetables 73.1% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 47. Results: Heterosexual Respondents Diagnosed Heart Disease or Angina 2.7% Diagnosed with Diabetes 5.5% Don't Always Use a Seatbelt 6.70% Fair or Poor General Health 12.0% Drinking and Driving 4.10% Physically Inactive 17.2% No Health Insurance 16.6% Current Asthma 7.9% Some Physical Disability 17.8% Diagnosed Hypertension 21.3% No Regular Primary Care Provider 20.7% Binge Drink 16.4% Never had an HIV test 61.8% High Cholesterol 34.3% Current Smokers 17.3% Overweight or Obese 55.90% Don't Always Get Needed Emotional Support 50.10% Did Not Get Flu Shot 60.2% Did Not Get Pneumonia Vaccine 76.7% Insufficient Fruits and Vegetables 74.9% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 48. Results: Summary Diagnosed Heart Disease or… Diagnosed with Diabetes Don't Always Use a Seatbelt Fair or Poor General Health Drinking and Driving Physically Inactive No Health Insurance Current Asthma Some Physical Disability Diagnosed Hypertension Heterosexual Bisexual No Regular Primary Care… Homosexual Binge Drink Never had an HIV test High Cholesterol Current Smokers Overweight or Obese Don't Always Get Needed… Did Not Get Flu Shot Did Not Get Pneumonia Vaccine Insufficient Fruits and Vegetables 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% Source: 2006 – 2009, Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 49. Conclusions  Disparities in health behaviors and health conditions do exist between Colorado’s heterosexual and LGB populations  LGB populations are not homogenous  The prevalence of health behaviors and health outcomes varies within the LGB population
  • 50. Limitations and Future Opportunities  No data on transgender Coloradans  No statewide data on LGBT youth  Insufficient sample size to conduct analysis of rotating core and state added BRFSS questions by sexual orientation
  • 51. HIV OR AIDS Colorado HIV Surveillance Report Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment 4th Quarter, 2010
  • 52. Background: HIV or AIDS In Colorado, physicians, health care providers, hospitals, or any other person providing testing and/or counseling or treatment to a person with HIV infection are required by law to report HIV and AIDS related information to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, or local health department. Laboratories must report tests that indicate HIV infection.
  • 53. Overview: HIV or AIDS in Colorado  The first case of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in 1982.  Between 1982 and 2010, nearly 16,600 people have been diagnosed with HIV disease in Colorado.  Between 2006 and 2010, new HIV diagnoses averaged 430 per year.  Between 2006 and 2010, HIV/AIDS deaths averaged 103 per year.  Since highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became widely available in 1996, both AIDS diagnoses and HIV/AIDS related deaths have declined significantly.
  • 54. New Cases of HIV by year, Colorado 350 302 300 279 Number of New HIV Cases 256 249 249 250 200 150 Male-male sex Heterosexual contact 100 72 76 64 52 48 50 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Source: 4th Quarter, 2010, Colorado HIV Surveillance Report; Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 55. Racial/ethnic categories of individuals living with HIV due to male-male sex exposure, December 31, 2010 Percent 0.5% 0.7% 0.7% White 16.0% Black Hispanic 9.0% Asian/Pacific Islander American 73.0% Indian/Alaska Native Multiple/Unknown Source: 4th Quarter, 2010, Colorado HIV Surveillance Report; Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment.
  • 56. FILLING IN THE DATA GAPS: THE HEALTH OF LGBT ADULTS IN COLORADO One Colorado Education Fund’s Needs Assessment ONE Colorado 2010
  • 57. Methods: 2010 Conversation with Coloradans One Colorado Education Fund’s Needs Assessment (AKA Needs Assessment)  Purpose: start a dialogue about issues affecting LGBT people in Colorado  Online or print survey of over 4,600 respondents  Strength: sample size and inclusion of transgender people  Weakness: not population-based; cannot generalize to the entire state
  • 58. Results: 2010 Conversation with Coloradans One Colorado Education Fund’s Needs Assessment Results by Topic Area  Demographics  Housing Discrimination  Employment Discrimination  Spirituality  Philanthropy  Top 5 Most Important Social Services
  • 59. Health Equity Health Begins Where You Live, Learn, Work and Play NATIONAL INFLUENCES GOVERNMENT POLICIES U.S. CULTURE & CULTURAL NORMS + = SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH POPULATION LIFE COURSE HEALTH FACTORS OUTCOMES ACCESS , HEALTH PREGNANCY ECONOMIC PHYSICAL SOCIAL MENTAL UTILIZATION BEHAVIORS & HEALTH & QUALITY QUALITY OF LIFE OPPORTUNITY ENVIRONMENT FACTORS CONDITIONS CARE EARLY • Nutrition • Mental health • Health MORBIDITY CHILDHOOD • Income Built • Participation Environment • Physical status insurance • Employment • Social • Education •Recreation support activity • Stress coverage MORTALITY •Food • Tobacco use • Substance • Received CHILDHOOD • Housing • Leadership abuse needed care •Transportation • Political • Skin Cancer LIFE EXPECTANCY • Injury • Functional • Provider influence Environmental status availability • Organization • Oral health ADOLESCENCE quality • Preventive al networks • Sexual health •Housing care • Violence •Water • Racism • Obesity ADULTHOOD •Air • Cholesterol Safety • High Blood Pressure OLDER ADULTS Public Health’s Role in Addressing the Social Determinants of Health •Advocating for and defining public policy to achieve health equity •Data collection, monitoring and surveillance •Coordinated interagency efforts •Population based interventions to address health factors •Creating organizational environments that enable change •Community engagement and capacity building Colorado Department of Public Health - Social Determinants of Health Workgroup
  • 60. Demographics: Sexual Orientation Respondents 2% 1% 5% 9% Bisexual Lesbian 29% Gay Queer Chose not to label 54% Self-Identify Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
  • 61. Demographics: Gender Identity Respondents 3% 1% 39% Female Male Transgender/Transsexual Self-Identify 57% Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
  • 62. Demographics: Gender Identity Transgender People 13% 26% Female to Male Male to Female Self-Identify 61% Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
  • 63. Demographics: Age Age Group 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 25% 24% 22% 20% 15% 12% 10% 3% 0% 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 or older Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
  • 64. Housing Discrimination Report Being Denied Housing 100% 90% 87% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 5% 7% 4% 2% 0% No one Attorney Colorado Civil Police Other Rights Commission Six (6) percent of respondents reported being denied housing due to sexual orientation or sexual identity Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
  • 65. Employment Discrimination Report Employment Discrimination 100% 90% 80% 72% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 22% 20% 7% 9% 10% 3% 3% 0% 0% No one Human Attorney Colorado Police School Other Resources Civil Rights Official Commission Twenty-seven (27) percent of respondents experienced employment discrimination due to sexual orientation or sexual identity Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
  • 66. Spirituality: Attending religious service 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% LGBT 41% 40% Transgender Only 31% 30% 23%23% 20% 17% 15%15% 12%14% 9% 10% 0% 1 or more 1-3 Few times/yr 1 time/yr Never times/wk times/mth Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
  • 67. Philanthropy: Contributing to Charity 100% 90% 80% 70% 62% 60% 58% 50% LGBT 40% Transgender Only 30% 20% 16% 14% 15% 10% 10% 8% 10% 4% 3% 0% $0 $1-499 $500-999 $1,000-4,999 $5,000 Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
  • 68. Top 5 Most Important Social Services 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% LGBT 40% 34% 30% 20% 10% 9% 8% 10% 0% Ensuring school safety for LGBT Access to LGBT-welcoming health Increasing services for people living Ensuring parents have information youth care w/ HIV/AIDS for supporting LGBT youth Source: 2010, Needs Assessment; One Colorado.
  • 69. DATA CONTACTS & RESOURCES
  • 70. Data Contacts  Indira Gujral, MS PhD, Epidemiologist, CDPHE  Indira.Gujral@state.co.us  Kyle Legleiter, MPH, Program Director, CDPHE  Kyle.Legleiter@state.co.us  Fran Simon, Simon Analytics  Simonanalytics@gmail.com  Kieu Vu, MSPH, BRFSS Coordinator, CDPHE  Kieu.Vu@state.co.us
  • 71. Resources  The Affordable Care Act and the LGBT Community: http://lgbthealth.webolutionary.com/sites/default/files/ACA%20final.pdf  The Affordable Care Act and LGBT Americans: http://www.healthcare.gov/news/factsheets/new_options_for_lgbt_americans.html  Boulder County Youth Risk Behavior Survey: http://www.bouldercounty.org/help/health/lgbtiq/pages/yrbsresultslinks.aspx  Bullying: www.StopBullying.gov  Colorado HIV Surveillance Report: http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/dc/HIVandSTD/HIV_STDSurv/HIV.AIDS.Surv.rpt.4thQuarter.20 10.pdf  One Colorado Needs Assessment: http://www.one-colorado.org/issues/2010-needs- assessment/  Sexual Identity, Sex of Sexual Contacts and Health-Risk Behaviors Among Students in Grades 9 – 12 – Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, Selected Sites, United States, 2001 – 2009: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6007a1.htm  Sexual Behavior, Sexual Attraction, and Sexual Identity in the United States: Data from the 2006 – 2008 National Survey of Family Growth: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr036.pdf  U.S. Health and Human Services: http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/lgbt/