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Industrial Wireless Communication
1. Welcome to PHOENIX CONTACT
What can wireless
do for you?
Stewart Wilson
Project Engineer
Central Region
815-274-5049
2. Agenda
Why Use Wireless?
What Is Wireless?
License vs. Unlicensed
Spread Spectrum
Public vs. Proprietary
ISM Bands
Wi-Fi
900 MHz Proprietary
UHF Radios
GSM/GPRS Cell Phone
Antennas & accessories
Installation design & System best
practices
2 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
3. Why wireless?
It can solve application challenges
3 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
4. Why wireless? When logistics and terrain
make wired solutions
impractical or cost
effective.
4 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
5. Using Wireless in Industrial
Applications Wireless has become a standard in
everyday life
Commercially, for convenience
Industrially, to solve problems
5 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
6. Using Wireless in Industrial
Applications Wireless has become a standard in
everyday life
Commercially, for convenience
Industrially, to solve problems
Developments in industrial wireless
are accelerating very rapidly
New technologies are in development
Standards are being created
specifically for industry
6 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
7. RF Radios control the roof on the new Dallas Cowboys Stadium
7 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
9. Benefits of Wireless in Industrial
Applications
Lower installation costs (than wired
solutions)
Labor savings
Permits and delays
Material cost
Faster installation vs. traditional cabling
Reduced down times
More application flexibility
9 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
10. Consider Wireless Technology
for today’s industrial challenges
Cost
$40000
Cost of Wires + Installation can = $10 to $1000+ / foot
$10000
$1325
1000 ft 1 mile Distance
10 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
11. What Makes Wireless Technology Industrial?
Reliability
Must be as reliable / more
reliable than wire?
Latency appropriate for
application.
Security
Prevent malicious use from
intruders
Prevent malicious jamming of
frequencies
Rugged
Easy setup and installation.
Able to operate in an industrial
environment.
11 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
12. FCC Operating Guidelines
Trunked and
Low Band 25-50 MHz Conventional 800 MHz
Mid Band 66-88 MHz Cellular 800/900 MHz
72-76 MHz (in USA)
Spread Spectrum 902/928 MHz
VHF Band 132-150 MHz 2400-2483.5 GHz 5725-
150-174 MHz 5850 GHz
928/952 MHz
900 MHz Pt to Pt (932941 MHz)
220 Band 220-225 MHz
(220-222 MHz)
960 MHz
960 MHz Pt to Pt
UHF Band 406-430 MHz Pt to Pt Microwave 2000 MHz
450-470 MHz PCN Networks
(2 GHz)
470-512 MHz
12 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
13. Radio Frequencies have many applications:
Most Industrial radio modems use UHF
VLF very low frequency LF frequencies for long
and some VHF low frequency
range data communications
MF multi frequency
e.g. for supervision and control of
power distribution networks and other
SCADA and automation applications.
HF high frequency
MoIndustrial Devices work m
VHF very high frequency
UHF ultra high frequency
SHF super high frequency
EHF extremely high frequency
14 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
14. Industrial Wireless Communication
Solutions
(Application Space Matrix)
Mbps
100’s of ft
802.11 (a, b, g etc)
802.11 (a, b, g etc)
Data Rate
Distance
Remote
UHF
Miles
Kbps
transmitters
UHF
Proprietary Wi-Fi standards UHF Wireless
wireless 802.11 (a, b, g etc)
15 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
15. Consider Wireless Technology
Wireless Options
Licensed RF: Uses a high power radio frequency
transmitter to send data through the air
License-free RF: Uses a low power radio frequency
transmitter to send data through the air
16 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
16. Licensed vs. Unlicensed
Licensed Unlicensed
Requires user to purchase a license No license required
Very low to no interference Much more interference
Very low thru-put when interference Little effect on thru-put with low
occurs amounts of interference
Higher power can be used this can Does not allow for high power
result in greater distances transmissions
17 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
17. ISM Bands - Industrial, Scientific and Medical
900MHz 900MHz
Advantages:
vs. • More robust, less prone to interference
2.4GHz • Lower attenuation, travels further through more
obstacles
vs. Disadvantages:
5GHz • Low bandwidth prevents large data transfer,
speed
• Components are larger at lower frequencies
2.4GHz
Advantages: 5GHz
• Higher bandwidth allows large data Advantages:
transfer, speed • Higher bandwidth allows large data transfer,
• Components are smaller, cheaper speed
Disadvantages: • Less congested, few RF devices in this band
• Congested band due to abundance of Wi- Disadvantages:
Fi, Bluetooth, microwaves, cordless phones • Low transmit power limitations
• Attenuates much more quickly, will not • High attenuation in cables, requires very high
pass through metal gain antennas
18 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
18. ISM Frequency Bands (in North America)
Lower Frequencies:
propagate further
penetrate objects better
2.4GHz:
900MHz
used by microwave ovens
(rain fade issues)
is license free around the
world
2.4GHz
congested band
higher throughput
5.8GHz
5.8GHz
brand new ISM band
low transmit power allowed
19 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
19. Industrial Wireless Usage
Users have more options
802.15.4 Based
Frequency: 2.4GHz
Speed: 250kbps
Range: <30m
for wireless technology
Proprietary
Frequency: 900MHz/2.4GHz and product features than
Speed: Varies, <1Mbps
Range: Varies, <20km ever before
Licensed
Frequency: 100-400MHz
Speed: Varies, <19.2kbps
Range: +20km ”Which one for what
GSM/GPRS
Frequency: purpose?”
850/900/1800/1900MHz
Speed: 250kbps
Range: <30m
Bluetooth
Frequency: 2.4GHz
Speed: 1Mbps
Range: <100m
WiFi (802.11a/b/g)
Frequency: 2.4/5GHz
Speed: 54Mbps
Range: 100m
Enterprise
Analog
Digital
Ethernet
Network
Ethernet
SCADA
Serial
Network
Data
I/O
20 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
21. Wireless Fundamentals:
…. this may be (better)?
Faster ..Yes !
22 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
22. The Energy per Bit Equation
TX Power
Eb =
Baud Rate
We can “conceptually” show how E/Bit affects how far different
radios will “go” in an industrial setting.
1 Watt TX 1 Watt TX
9600bps
> 115kbps
d
d
Typical Spread Spectrum I/O radio compared to a
higher speed SCADA radio with same transmit power
24 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
23. ISM License Free Spread Spectrum
Rules
Manufacturer gets FCC approval – not you!
FCC Rules for Part 15.247
Doesn’t cause interference
Live and function with interference
Part 15 gets recognition by FCC
Operates in 900, 2400, 5800 MHz bands
Military technology applied to industrial,
commercial, and consumer application
25 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
24. What is Spread Spectrum
A method of transmitting a signal by "spreading" it
over a broad range of frequencies much wider then
the minimum bandwidth needed to transmit
Benefits
Reduces power needed to transmit information
Increases transmit speed
Can allow multiple networks to exits
Reduces the effect of interference
26 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
25. Remember, Spread Spectrum radios come in “two flavors.”
• Uses wide RF band
DSSS • Typically moves many bits per second
Direct Sequence (802.11 WLAN Ethernet radios move many
Spread Spectrum bits per second)
• Uses narrow RF band
FHSS • Typically moves fewer bits per second
Frequency Hopping (Wireless Interface devices moving small
Spread Spectrum packets of I/O data move very few bits
per second)
How do these characteristics affect Energy per
Bit and distance?
27 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
26. Industrial/Scientific/Medical (ISM) Radio
Bands – License Free
• License Free (FCC part 15)
• 1 watt power max
• 900MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz bands
..but ISM demands the use of one of the
Spread Spectrum Technologies
• Direct Sequence
• Frequency Hopping
• OFDM
28 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
27. Direct Sequencing Spread
Spectrum - DSSS
BANDWIDTH
DIRECT
SEQUENCE
RF
BACKGROUND
POWER
NOISE
FREQUENCY
29 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
28. The Direct Sequencing - Physics
of Spread and De-spreading Data
Signal Strength
Signal Strength
Frequency
DATA DATA
Data Bit
SPREAD DE-SPREAD
DATA DATA
Same
Code Word DS Code DS Code
15, 63 or 127 “chips” long
Transmitter Receiver
30 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
29. The Direct Sequence & Interference
1 Watt
Interference
Transmit
Power
(Watts)
1 Watt of power “spread”
across wide bandwidth
0 Watt
902MHz 928MHz
Bandwidth (MHz)
31 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
30. FHSS Wireless I/O
Proprietary Wireless
Inherently Secure
Only known by the manufacture
Designed for specific applications
I/O to I/O communication
– Long distance (1,000’s of feet to miles)
Serial Data (RS-232/422/485)
– Long distance (1,000’s of feet to miles)
A number of Mfgs incorporate proprietary FHSS technology:
900MHz, Bluetooth, 802.11, 802,15, etc. frequencies
32 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
31. Spread Spectrum
Frequency Hopping
Frequency Hopping
Concentrates power in Hopping in pseudo
very narrow signal random pattern. The
random pattern can be
Hopping in random 100 times/sec
pattern 100 times/sec
BANDWIDTH
FREQUENCY
HOPPING
WAVE
DIRECT
SEQUENCE RF
POWER
BACKGROUND
NOISE
FREQUENCY
33 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
32. Frequency Hopping & Interference
Interference may knock an update down, but other transmissions will
get through.
902MHz 928 MHz
34 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
928 MHz
33. Spread Spectrum
Frequency Hopping vs. Direct Sequence
Frequency Hopping Direct Sequence
Concentrates power in “Slices” transmission
very narrow signal into small coded bits
Hopping in random Utilizes wider signal
pattern 100 times/sec own application advantages.
Each has it’s channel
Is the need for transmitting large Data or IP
BANDWIDTH
Packets ? ….or simple serial and I/O signal ?
FREQUENCY
HOPPING
WAVE
DIRECT
SEQUENCE RF
POWER
BACKGROUND
NOISE
FREQUENCY
35 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
34. Wireless: Performance Vs Distance
- How far will it go?
36 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
35. Wireless: Performance Vs Distance
- A wireless network is only as
good as its weakest link !
37 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
36. How far will industrial wireless devices go?
Performance Zone
- Path engineering required
- Wireless conduits up to 20+
Received Signal Strength
Common Sense Zone
miles
Performance Zone
Common Sense Zone
No Worry Zone
- Success with experience
- Wireless conduits up to 1/2
mile
No Worry Zone
Receiver - The “Electrician’s Territory”
Threshold - Wireless conduits up to
1000 feet
This is where it just works,
every time, out of the box!
38 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
37. Public and Proprietary Systems
Public Standard- A governing body exists to create/certify a specification to
guarantee interoperability between manufacturer’s devices
Radio “language” is known
Equipment is readily available
Encryption is the only protection
Examples: 802.11, Bluetooth, Zigbee
Proprietary System- The manufacturer controls the design so that the
product will only work with other devices from that manufacturer
Non public air interface
Equipment available to “insiders”
Un-known technology is a significant barrier
Encryption helps
Examples: Phoenix RAD-ISM-900
40 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
38. Public Systems
Public systems can talk to
similar devices from the same
manufacture
Interoperability
and can talk to other
manufactures devices
41 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
39. Public and Proprietary Systems
Public Standard- A governing body exists to create/certify a specification to
guarantee interoperability between manufacturer’s devices
Radio “language” is known
Equipment is readily available
Encryption is the only protection
Examples: 802.11, Bluetooth, Zigbee
Proprietary System- The manufacturer controls the design so that the
product will only work with other devices from that manufacturer
Non public air interface
Equipment available to “insiders”
Un-known technology is a significant barrier
Encryption helps
Examples: Phoenix RAD-ISM-900
42 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
40. Proprietary Systems Other manufactures
products will not work with
other proprietary systems
RS232
RS485
DATA (w/ I/O)
43 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
41. “TRADITIONAL” NETWORK STRUCTURE
• Theproprietary radios
can co-exist with other
radios in a concentrated
area
• Hop sequences are
different in every radio
group
• Network ID, Security
ID, RF band keep
networks separated
44 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
42. CELLULAR NETWORK STRUCTURE
• Radios that operate on
a standard (like
Bluetooth) will use the
same hop patterns
• Each network must be
physically separated
• Network ID, Security
ID, RF Power keep
networks separated
45 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
43. 900 MHz Unlicensed Radio Types:
Unidirectional & I/O
902 – 928 MHz FHSS &
DSSS
1 Watt transmitter
Transmits:
– 1 analog (4-20mA)
– 2 digital (5-30VDC)
Factory matched pairs
(transmitter/receiver)-No
Programming!
600-1,000ft range out of the
box
Point to point or signal
splitting configurations
46 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
44. 900 MHz Unlicensed Radio Types:
Bidirectional & with I/O
902 – 928 MHz FHSS & DSSS
1 Watt transmitter
Transmits (both directions):
– 1 analog (4-20mA)
– 2 digital (5-30VDC)
Factory matched pairs
(transceivers) or custom
configuration options for point to
multipoint applications-No
Programming!
Expandable I/O digital and analog
modules and special function
modules
600-1,000ft range out of the box
47 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
45. 900 MHz Unlicensed Radio Types
RS232/422/485 Serial Data and I/O
902 – 928 MHz FHSS & DSSS
1 Watt transmitter Transmits RS232/422/485
Data
– 1 DB9 connection
– 4-pos. screw connector
Connect Expansion I/O Modules
– Becomes simple wireless remote I/O
– I/O points are addressable via Modbus
RTU or Allen-Bradley DF1
All in one Master, Slave, Store-and-Forward
Repeater
Simple Programming using GUI or Dipswitches
Programmable Sleep Mode for Solar
Installations
48 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
46. UHF Radio Types:
400MHz & 900 MHz etc, etc
0.1-5W adjustable transmitter power
Transmits RS232 Data
– 2x DB9 connection
– 2 independent serial channels allow
multiple device/protocols to be
connected to 1 radio
All in one Master, Slave, Store-and-
Forward Repeater
9600 and 19200bps (12.5kHz FCC)
over-the-air rate
128-bit AES encryption
Simplex and half duplex modes
Simple Programming using GUI
Separate port for programming/
diagnostics
49 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
47. Wireless Ethernet (WLAN)
Technology
Public standard
Multiple manufactures devices can be used together
Secure
Provided proper encryption is used (WPA2/802.11i)
Medium distance
100’s to 1000’s (+) feet
Very high speed
Ethernet type speeds up to 54Mbps
50 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
48. When to use WLAN Technology
WLAN
Does the application require high speed data access?
– WLAN technology offers speeds up to 54Mbps which is ideal for
applications like uploading and downloading PLC programs, data
acquisition, or video surveillance.
Is connection to an existing 802.11/Wi-Fi network available?
– WLAN technology is public standard meaning that multiple
manufactures devices can communicate on the same wireless
network. This means that an existing Cisco wireless infrastructure
could be utilized for connection to plant floor devices.
Is IT concerned about security?
– WLAN technology from Phoenix Contact uses the latest security
standards that most IT departments require such as AES encryption
over the air and 802.1x network authentication. Together this will work
with most existing IT infrastructure.
51 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
49. Encryption Overview
WEP - Weak key can be hacked
Poor or cracked with little to no network
security knowledge
WPA - Based on the same encryption as
Good WEP with added features like authentication.
Can be hacked although it takes more time and
a higher knowledge of network security
WPA2 / AES - Currently the highest
Best level of security available and is considered
un-hackable by today's standards.
52 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
50. Ethernet Vs SCADA Ethernet
Ethernet (infrastructure)
Many nodes
Fast speeds
Large packets
Sorter distances
SCADA Ethernet
Many nodes
Slower speeds
Very small packets
Very large distances
53 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
52. Cellular
GSM/GPRS
Security
Advanced Encryption used over the air
VPN can be used to security data over the internet
Speed
Up to 14.4Kbps (GSM)
Up to 85.6Kbps (GPRS)
World wide access
Requires SIM card for operation
Monthly service charge applies
55 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
53. Cellular Industrial Radios:
GSM/GPRS Quad Band Modem
(850/900/1800/1900MHz)
Transmits RS232 Data
– 1 DB9 connection
2 Digital Inputs (10-30VDC)
– Triggers modem to dial pre-stored numbers
– Send Fax or SMS
1 Digital Output (Transistor)
– Trigger via SMS, local AT command or
paired modem Digital Input
– Reset equipment, alarm
Integrated TCP/IP stack for GPRS
networks
Simple Programming using GUI or AT
Commands
Wide range power supply 10-30VDC
Pre-installed SIM Card ready for service
activation
– USA version
– Canadian version
56 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
54. GSM/GPRS
GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications
GSM (Voice Network)
Talk to any device connected to the PSTN
SMS
SMS
FAX
Email
E-Mail
Etc. PSTN
) )) ) FAX
Output
* PSTN – Public Switched Telephone Network
57 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
55. GSM Communications
GSM utilizes the voice network for communications. In the United
States the carriers (AT&T, Verison, Sprint, etc.) do not want you to use
this network for data communications. Therefore, it has little use for
SCADA and telemetry applications.
One exception is SMS (Text Messaging). SMS uses the GSM network
and is a effective way to communicate alarm states from various sites.
Alarm Condition
Water Tower/
Pump House
Alarm
Alarm
Control Contact
58 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
56. What else do you need
Add Antenna’s?
Add Surge protection?
Add Connections and cabling?
Add PSU/UPS?
Add Enclosure?
Helpful Resources
Tech Service
Catalogs & manuals
Online tools
– Antenna selector guide
– Wireless Configurator
59 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
57. Antennas
Omni Semi-Parabolic Panel
Parabolic
Patch
Yagi
60 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
58. Understanding Antennas
Antenna “gain” is not amplification of the RF signal, it is a
measure of the focus of the signal
High gain antennas focus the RF signal more than low
gain antennas
Different types of antennas focus the RF energy in
different ways
Proper installation is crucial: Connections and mounting
must be secure
Rule of thumb: The further the distance, the higher the
antenna must be
61 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
59. Omni-Directional Antennas:
Basic Principles Omni-directional antennas radiate RF
energy in all directions (but not equally)
The typical radiation pattern resembles
a donut centered around the antenna
They can be vertically polarized or
horizontally polarized
Polarization can control the direction the
“donut” goes
Antenna datasheets have diagrams of
Vertical
the radiation pattern
Top View
Horizontal
62 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
60. Omni-Directional Antennas:
Basic Principles
As the gain of an omni increases,
typically the height of the donut
decreases, and the diameter
increases, allowing the RF to radiate
further.
Example 0dB Omni
Example 3dB Omni
63 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010 Example 5dB Omni
61. Best Practice: Point to Multipoint Application
N
S
64 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
62. Best Practice: Point to Multipoint Application
N
S
65 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
64. Yagi-Directional Antennas:
Basic Principles Yagi-directional antennas radiate RF
energy in a specific direction
The typical radiation pattern resembles
the beam of a flashlight
Vertical They can be vertically polarized or
horizontally polarized
Polarization can provide separation of
two RF signals
Antenna datasheets have diagrams of
Horizontal the radiation pattern
67 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
65. Yagi-Directional Antennas: Basic Principles
As the gain of a yagi increases, the
beam width decreases and the
signal becomes more focused to
radiate further
Example 3dB Yagi
Example 6dB Yagi
Example 9dB Yagi
68 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
66. Yagi-Directional Antennas: Application
No Line of Sight, No Link
Partial Line of Sight, Poor Link
69 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010 Full Line of Sight, Excellent Link
68. What else do you need?
A reliable, consistent
power: A reliable,
consistent power source
? Solar Power “Generators
• Cost savings vs. power
company
• Designed for any location
• Application Approvals
71 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
69. Selection Matrix
PHOENIX CONTACT SOLAR INSOLATION ZONE
SIS A B C D E
SOLAR INTERFACE SYSTEMS SYSTEM PRODUCTION IN AMPHOURS/DAY
12 VOLT
SYSTEMS SIS-12/40 9.7 7.7 5.8 3.8 1.9
SIS-24/20 2.4 1.9 1.5 0.7 0.5
24 VOLT
SYSTEMS **SIS-24/40 7.5 6.0 4.5 3.0 1.5
SIS-24/80 9.7 7.7 5.8 3.8 1.9
**Note: The 24volt, 40W systems have been reduced by 20% due to the ineffiecencies of the voltage
convertor.
ZONE A = 5+ kWh/D, ZONE B = 4 kWh/D
ZONE C = 3 kWh/D, ZONE D = 2 kWh/D
ZONE E = 1 kWh/D
72 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
70. Determining Antenna Alignment
It is important to study
your environment before
installing a wireless
system over a large
distance.
Determine the distance
between sites using hand
tools & Topo maps etc.
A range finder can help
determine shorter
distances out 1500+ yds
A GPS can provide the
North and West
coordinates as well
elevation, even compass
readings
73 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
71. Understanding Antennas:
The Importance of Aiming / Alignment
•Moving an antenna just a
few degrees can have a
huge impact on signal
strength, especially over
long distances
74 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
72. This 1 mile 900MHz The Signal
FHS failed. …. Not a could not get
good practice through the
installation forest of
leaves
This client also
violated FCC
rules; exceeding
the 6 dB signal
gain limit for this
unlicensed
75 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010 frequency band
73. Antennas
?.. Possibly a Well
Field SCADA Site, …
a wireless long
range network
Here a YAGI is aimed into an
OMNI RF pattern.
For long range linking typical
setups use an OMNI at the
Master, YAGIs at the slaves, -
multipoint to point
76 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
75. Determining Antenna Alignment
Height - Must
increase with
Range:
22 feet for 1
mile
51 feet for 5
miles
88 feet for 15
miles
78 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
76. How far will it go ???
Ethernet RAD 802.11 13 mile link
79 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
77. The Importance of Aiming
Proximity to Other Antennas –
There has to be separation from
other antennas
For 900MHz a 6 feet vertically or
10 feet Horizontal is the norm
Keep out of radiation path
of other antennas
Reading RF strength, data
transfer rates etc. at the
radio is also an effective aid
for positioning and aiming
antennas
80 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
78. Wireless: Performance Vs Distance
- A wireless network is only as
good as its weakest link !
81 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
79. Antenna Mounting
Use proper mounting
hardware
Place away from
obstructions such as
buildings, metal objects
and dense foliage
Align polarization (vertical
most common)
Cross-polarization can
cause signal loss of 20 dB
or more
82 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
80. Feed Line Loss Chart
900 MHz Radio Systems (per 100 ft)
Attenuation Choice of feed line depends on:
Cable Type
(dB)
length required to reach antenna
RG-58 16
amount of signal loss tolerable
LMR-195 11.1
cost considerations
RG-142 9.2
RG-213 7.6
Using the wrong cable can reduce efficiency
Longer distance = low-loss cable
LMR-240 7.6 recommended
LMR-400 3.9 Shorter distance = less efficient cable is
acceptable
LMR-600 2.5
83 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
81. A Trusted System has quality components
and quality terminations
Your system will
perform only as
good as it’s
weakest link.
Here the
contractor
chose to cut and
trace this coax
through an
under sized
conduit.
His field
termination
failed at the
antenna
84 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
82. The Importance for Surge Protection
& grounding / bonding
A best practice discussion
PTZ camera
85 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
83. The importance for grounding & surge
protection best practices
RT
U
86 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
84. Applications
Different applications have different requirements
Things to consider
How far does the signal need to go?
– Feet, Miles, Country, World
What is the density of the nodes?
– Remote, Dense
What update times are required?
– Days, Hours, Minuets, Seconds, Milliseconds
What type of data will be communicated?
– I/O, Serial, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps
Is power available?
– Hardwired, Battery, Solar
87 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
86. Site Selection
Protect the radio from harsh
exposure
Provide a source of adequate
& stable power
Contain suitable entrances for
antenna and required cabling
Select Antenna locations that
provides an unobstructed
transmission path in the
direction of the associated
remote(s)
89 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
87. 900MHz Wireless Serial/IO
Applications
Eliminate Sensor Wire (Wire-In, Wire-Out)
Monitoring and Controlling Simple IO
PLC to PLC IO communications
Need Tank levels and Control Station
Pump control
90 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
88. Wireless IO Scenarios
Long Distance Wireless IO
Analog (Out) 3 Miles Analog (In)
Higher transmission power
Wireless IO through
walls and obstructions
91 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
89. Application
Wireless I/O (Long Distance)
Application
– An analog signal needs to be
collected from a remote
pumping station. Which reports
the level of the water tank.
Problem
– Laying cable and conduit is
simply to costly. The distance
was 5200’ and cable must be
run under two roads.
92 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
90. Application
Long distance communications at 5200 feet
Wire in/ Wire out need
5200ft
Analog (Out) Higher transmission power Analog (In)
93 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
91. Application
Wireless I/O (Short Distance)
Application
– Collect data from various
sensors located on machinery
that will be used for predictive
maintenance.
Problem
– There is no easy way to wire
sensors located on the
machinery back to a PLC to be
monitored. There are many
obstructions and this is a high
noise environment that does not
lend well to parallel wiring.
94 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
92. Application
Proprietary Wireless Solution
Make a wired sensor, wireless
Wire in/ Wire out technology can make this happen today
Radios must be wired for power or solar powered
Higher transmission power
95 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
93. Application
WSN Solution
Wired sensors can still be made wireless
The WSN radios will “Mesh” in small clusters
WSN radios are battery powered. No hard wiring needed.
WSN is made for short distances a Long Hall radio will be needed
WSN to
Higher transmission power
Long Hall WSN
96 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
94. Application
Serial
Application
– Tank levels must be monitored
from a verity of tanks. This
information must be collected by
a PLC.
Problem
– The tanks are spread over a
vary large area and it is simply
to costly to run cable and
conduit to each location.
97 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
95. Application
I/O is collected at each tank, reported to the radio, Then
sent too the master PLC.
This can be more reliable then wired connections as there is
no worry that a trenched cable will become damaged over
time.
Higher transmission power
98 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
96. Application
Ethernet
Application
– An existing security system has
become antiquated. This
system needs updated and new
cameras must be installed.
Problem
– The locations where new
cameras must be installed are
to difficult or expensive to wire
for connection.
99 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
97. Application
Ethernet Cameras or Analog cameras processed with a
video server can be connected to the Ethernet Radios
The video will be streamed to the master radio and can be
archived or viewed at the master station
High Speed Transmission
100 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
98. Application
Serial and IO
Application
– The contents of trucks
transporting various materials
needs to be monitored for
temperature, quantity, and
location for quality purposes.
Problem
– The trucks transport these
materials around the United
States and Canada. Currently a
PLC is used to monitor
temperature and quantity of the
material although this data can
only be downloaded when the
truck is parked at its destination.
101 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
99. GSM/GPRS
GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications
GSM (Voice Network)
Talk to any device connected to the PSTN
SMS
SMS
FAX
Email
E-Mail
Etc. PSTN
) )) ) FAX
Output
* PSTN – Public Switched Telephone Network
102 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
100. Application
GSM/GPRS
Data-loggers or PLCs are used to collect and archive data
GSM/GPRS modem will provide international access to the
cellular network. This allows for monitoring of the truck and
its contents.
Internet GPS
GPRS
GPS
103 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
101. Success stories
San Antonio Wastewater System
Application
The San Antonio wastewater treatment plant
needed visual alarm beacons and audible hours
to warn of hazardous conditions
Wireless Solution
Trusted Wireless I/O Radios were used as a
wireless conduit for triggering remote indicators
and alarms.
ROI
SAWS quickly and easily implemented an alarm
system that notifies their employees of potentially
hazardous conditions. By using Trusted Wireless
I/O, the company avoided the high costs of
installing wire and conduit.
104 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
102. Success stories
San Antonio Water System
Application
San Antonio Water System measures water usage
and flow to customers. Their old SCADA system used
expensive, unreliable leased-line phone subscription.
Wireless Solution
The leased-line phone system was replaced with
Trusted Wireless Data Radios. This Trusted Wireless
network provides real-time stream usage and flow
measurements from each of the customer sites.
ROI
SAWS calculated a two-year payback in lease-line
cost with the purchase of the Trusted Wireless Data
Radio network. In addition, SAWS gained savings
through increased reliability, and by eliminating site
visits to manually record data when the leased-lines
where in repair
105 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
103. 900 MHz Ethernet Applications
Remote tank monitoring (Water anything, Chemical)
SCADA (process, water towers, sewage)
Security and surveillance (non-Streaming)
Utilities (Water/Waste water, etc, etc)
Municipalities
106 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
104. Wireless Ethernet Scenario
Wireless Data and IO access
IO to MODBUS RTU Registers
Remote PLC access for
Polling and programming
Remote PLC access for
Polling and programming
107 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
105. WLAN Scenario
High Speed
Wireless Data and IO access
High Speed Transmission
108 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
106. And now….
•Very Long distances - international.
•Mobile applications
Cellular
•Challenging RF environments
GSM/GPRS Technology
•Ease/speed of implementation
•Polled Data and event signaling for
process applications. Telemetry for
SCADA.
•Serial data radio
109 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
108. Monitoring and Control
Point to Point Trusted Wireless ™ I/O
Typical Applications
Monitoring and controlling
Tanks and Wells
Monitoring and controlling
Pumping Stations
Need Tank levels and Control Station
Pump control
111 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
109. Trusted Wireless Data
Typical Applications
Tank Monitoring
Irrigation Systems
Pipe Line Monitoring
112 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
110. Wireless: Performance Vs Distance
- A wireless network is only as
good as its weakest link !
113 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
111. Q & A
114 | Presentation | Ira Sharp | 20 April 2010
112. Welcome to PHOENIX CONTACT
Thank You
Stewart Wilson
Project Engineer
Central Region
815-274-5049