Weitere ähnliche Inhalte Ähnlich wie 7. evolution of the juvenile justice system updated (20) Mehr von Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice (19) Kürzlich hochgeladen (20) 7. evolution of the juvenile justice system updated1. The Evolution of the State Role in the
Care and Treatment of Children
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2. `
`` The doctrine that establishes the right
of the state to act on behalf of the child
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3. In Loco Parentis
When the state or its designated agent
provides care and protection equivalent to
that of the natural parent
(in place of the parents)
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4. mens rea
the Latin term for "guilty mind”
actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea
the act does not make a person guilty unless
the mind be also guilty".
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5. Unwanted Children in Ancient Rome
Infanticide through
exposure.
In Rome a column near
the Velebrum, where
baby Romulus and
Remus were
discovered, was the
unofficial designated
spot.
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6. CHILDREN AND CRIMINAL
RESPONSIBILITY IN ANCIENT ROME
• UNDER AGE 7- NO
RESPONSIBILITY
• 7 TO PUBERTY – SOME
RESPONSIBILITY
• PUBERTY TO 25 –
RESPONSIBILITY WITH AGE
CONSIDERATIONS
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7. Roman Law the Evolution of State
Responsibility for Children
• Guardianship
• Outlawing of infanticide
• Orphanage
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8. Growth of Parens Patriae in the
Middle Ages
Magna Carta 1215 – re-established the
role of the state in ensuring the
protection of orphaned children and
their property through the appointment
of guardians.
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9. CHANCERY COURTS
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10. Growth of Parens Patriae in the Middle Ages
• 1500 Chancery Court – extended role of the English
king in assigning guardianship over orphaned children
• 1562 English Parliament passes the Statute of
Artificers allowing government to involuntarily
separate children from pauper parents
• 1601 English Poor Law Act allows government to
place poor children in bondage to local residents as
apprentices and establishes first workhouses
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11. Origins of Institutional Intervention
Typical Workhouse/Bridewell
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12. Origins of the Modern Juvenile
Justice System
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13. MEHTODS FOR THE CARE OF
CHILDREN IN COLONIAL AMERICA
• ALMSHOUSES
• INDENTURED SERVITUDE
• APPRENTICED OUT
• ORPHANAGES
• JAILS
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14. THE BIRTH OF NEW FORMS OF
INSTITUTIONAL CARE
• PENITENTIARY SYSTEM
• SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF PAUPERISM
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15. 1787 Philadelphia Society for Alleviating
the Misery of Public Prisons founded by Dr.
Benjamin Rush
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16. Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia (1790)
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17. Changing Social Conditions in 19th
America
• MASS IMMIGRATION
• RURAL TO URBAN POPULATION TRENDS
• POVERTY AND HOMELESSNESS
• FEAR OF THE DANDEROUS CLASSES
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18. New York Street circa 1860s
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19. Living in Squalor
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20. 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
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21. 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
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22. New York Slum 1800s
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23. New York Street Children 1800s
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24. In 1819 the Society of the Prevention of Pauperism was
formed.
•
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25. New York House of Refuge established 1825
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26. Houses of Refuge Emphasize Work
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27. Commitment to the House of Refuge
• Children committed for vagrancy and petty crimes
• Commitments were indeterminate
• Initially youth from across the state were committed
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28. New York House of Refuge After 1854
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29. Philadelphia House of Refuge
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30. New York House of Refuge: A Model for the
World
• Charles Dickens • The NY House of
Refuge is now in the
• Alexis De extent of its
Tocqueville operations, the
greatest reform
• NY State Senate school in the world
Committee (1857)
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31. Western House of Refuge
Main Building
and Yard
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32. Work in the House of Refuge
• Contract labor system (10-40% of Refuge operating
costs)
• Large congregate workshops
• Brass nails, cheap shoes, cane chairs
• Apprenticeships
• Binding out
• Indentured to ship captains
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33. Girls in the House of Refuge
• Confined until their 18th birthday
• Taught value of maintaining innocence and virtue
• Learned biblical passages
• Trained in domestic servitude and/or marriage
• Limited vocational training
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34. House of Refuge Classroom
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35. Playground
Western House of Refuge
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36. 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org
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37. House of Refuge Carpentry Shop
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38. Blacksmith Shop
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39. Bricklaying and Masonry
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40. Segregation and the Houses of Refuge
• 1849 House of
Refuge for Colored
Juvenile Delinquents
opened in
Philadelphia
• Funded by anti
slavery groups
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41. Ex Parte Crouse (1838) and the assertion of
supreme state power
• In 1838, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court affirmed the
doctrine of Parens Patriae and the right of the state to
confine children in Houses of Refuge without
constitutional due process protections.
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42. Key Events of the19th Century
• Houses of Refuge
• Reform/Training/Industrial Schools
• Cottage System
• Probation
• Placing Out System
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43. Key Terms in 19th Century Juvenile Justice
Society for the Prevention of Pauperism
Child Savers
House of Refuge
Congregate Institutional Design
Ex parte Crouse
Reform/Training/Industrial School
Cottage System
Children’s Aid Society
OConnell v Turner
Creation of the Juvenile Court
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