Unlocking the value : metadata and linked data at the British Library / Alan Danskin (British Library)
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Presented at the CIG Scotland seminar 'Metadata and linked data : projects, experiments and services in libraries' in Edinburgh, 12th September 2016
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Unlocking the value : metadata and linked data at the British Library / Alan Danskin (British Library)
- 1. Unlocking the Value metadata strategy and linked data at the British Library Alan Danskin Collection Metadata Standards Manager CIGS Metadata and Linked Data Seminar, Edinburgh 12/9/2016
- 2. www.bl.uk 2 Overview • Brief Introduction • Collection Metadata Strategy: Why? How? What? • Linked data
- 3. www.bl.uk 3 British Library The National Library of the United Kingdom London Boston Spa Stockton on Tees
- 4. www.bl.uk 4 British Library Metadata Services The British Library Act records our role as “national centre for… bibliographical & other information services” BL Metadata Services: • Originally offered priced services & evolved through many technologies • Began to offer open data in 2010 & Linked Open Data in 2011 • Collection Metadata Strategy published in 2015
- 5. www.bl.uk 5 Collection Metadata Strategy Why?
- 6. www.bl.uk 6 New Challenges 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 1949 1970 1973 1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Ebooks by Year of Original Publication No.of Items 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Ebooks by Publication Location No. of items
- 7. www.bl.uk 7 Legacy Challenges Hidden Metadata • Printed catalogues • Superseded electronic media • Uncatalogued resources • Legacy metadata
- 8. www.bl.uk 8 Legacy Metadata Challenges 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2013 2014 % Records containing Language of Content Foundation catalogues Integrated Catalogue Annual Production Discovery Research Bibliometrics Management Information Visualisation Collection Management
- 9. www.bl.uk 9 Legacy Challenges Hidden Metadata • Printed catalogues • Superseded electronic media • Uncatalogued resources • Legacy metadata Silos • Responsibility • Workflows • Systems
- 10. www.bl.uk 10
- 11. www.bl.uk 11 Collection Metadata Strategy How?
- 12. www.bl.uk 12 Collection Metadata - Uses Internal External Direct To record: Resource description & availability for discovery & access Collection inventory Preservation requirements Licensed content rights Legal deposit & purchased claims Representation of BL holdings in shared catalogues Re-use in 3rd party commercial services Derived cataloguing by other libraries Identification of candidate material for collaborative digitisation Indirect Preparing exhibitions Responding to FOI requests Website organisation Content identification for collaborative initiatives Management information Confirmation of UK publication status Identification of last resort copy for collection disposal initiatives Open data contribution
- 13. www.bl.uk 15 Collection Metadata = Strategic Asset Collection Metadata identifies: • Attributes & relationships • Location & availability • Status & rights Collection Staff Metadata Estates
- 14. www.bl.uk 16 Collection Metadata = Strategic Asset Collection Metadata requires • Stewardship • Leadership • Resourcing Collection Staff Metadata Estates
- 15. www.bl.uk 17 Collection Metadata = Strategic Asset Collection Metadata delivers • Efficiency • Improved services • More value for money Collection Staff Metadata Estates
- 16. www.bl.uk 18 Representation Senior management Strategic direction Expert Advice Business Representation Business Cases
- 17. www.bl.uk 19 Responsibilty Head of Collection Metadata
- 18. www.bl.uk 20 Communications • Strategy published externally • Established & communicated best practice via new CM Wiki • Implemented: • Centralised support mailbox • Horizon scanning function • Workshop on 2016/17 plans
- 19. www.bl.uk 21 Collection Metadata Strategy What?
- 20. www.bl.uk 22 Vision “Our vision is that by 2020 the Library’s collection metadata assets will be comprehensive, coherent, authoritative and sustainable, enabling their full value to be unlocked for improved content management, greater collaboration and wider use of the collection.”
- 21. www.bl.uk 23 Objectives Drive efficiencies in the creation, management and exploitation of collection metadata to support delivery of the Library’s strategic priorities and programmes Improve the Library’s return on investment in its collection metadata assets by ensuring their long term value is maintained for future activities Open up more of the Library’s collection metadata to improve access to Library content and promote wider re-use
- 22. www.bl.uk 24 Collection Metadata Strategy 2015-18 Implementation Roadmap MetadataManagementStandards Preservation, Maintenance & Enhancement Open Metadata Discovery & Delivery 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Metadata assets register available ISNI integration into key metadata Licensing&RightsManagementProcessEfficienciesCommunications Technical Infrastructure Collection metadata available via global cross domain delivery channels Assessment and prioritisation of enhancement requirements Automated E-book metadata enhancement process implemented Establish horizon scanning function for metadata Undertake Options appraisal for linked metadata platform replacement Aleph v22 Implemention Metadata strategy workshop Development of new metadata visualisation tools Redevelopment of AMED Service metadata Undertake investigation of DRM metadata solutions Convergence on agreed metadata standards portfolio Standardise solutions for derived collection metadata Internal communication of strategic priorities Completion of website redevelopment Large scale batch enhancement solution implemented Harmonisation of existing metadata licensing practice IAMS data release Create metadata based collection analysis tools Undertake review of national library metadata systems options Non standard systems migration completed Assessment and prioritisation of metadata systems migration requirements All collection metadata held in centralised master metadata repositories SAMI Metadata assessment Persistent Identifier infrastructure for metadata and related content Implementation of comprehensive DRM metadata solution Promotion of agreed standards portfolio Preparatory work for ILS replacement Ongoingrationalisationoflegacysystems&migrationtosupportedmastermetadatarepositories Improved user access options available Implementation of PSI directives for metadata sets Complex rights & license metadata solution available New staff intranet and wiki resources on collection metadata Optimised metadata management processes Efficient international standards engagement process Undertake review of new metadata creation & processing options Establish annual collection metadata audit processes Collaborate with international partners on core metadata standards Ongoinginfrastructuredevelopment Migration to supported standards BNB Linked data service improvements Printed music metadata release New open researcher format metadata capability established Fully representative range of metadata sets available Hidden collection metadata assets exposed for re-use Centralised metadata license storage implemented Undertake audits of metadata assets & licenses Governance & internal support functions established Investigate deriving options for sound recordings Migration complete Collection Metadata best practice resource available for staff New linked data platform implemented JISC national shared metadata service platform options appraisal External publication of strategy External user support functions centralised Preparatory work for Google digitisation phase 2 Implementation of new external sources metadata Linked data exploitation options implemented Undertake review of metadata standards & develop engagement plan Investigate BL on Demand requirements Comprehensive open metadata service offering Unified, standardised metadata management infrastructure
- 23. www.bl.uk 25 Collection Metadata Strategy Where’s the Linked data?
- 24. www.bl.uk 26 The British National Bibliography 3.7m entries for UK books & journals on all subjects in all languages 1950- to date Reusable publication dataset - not a unique institutional catalogue Permissive License – CC0 Includes: People, Places, Dates, Subjects Consistent - over 60 years Prepublication data Retender platform
- 25. www.bl.uk 28 Open Metadata Linked Open Data Linked Data Analytics Project • Who is using our data? • Which data? • How to optimise publication? Visitors - Government Visitors - Academia Visitors - Libraries 745K ISNIs added to Linked Data BNB
- 26. www.bl.uk 29 Open Metadata Increasing Access, Reuse & Relevance 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 2014/15 2015/16 Downloads 177 countries use services New open ‘researcher format’ option Created open metadata sets for printed music, manuscripts & archives Events – CILIP, Cabinet Office Data Science… Research collaborations 1550+ users
- 27. www.bl.uk 30 Breaking down silos Standards convergence Metadata enhancement New synergies System replacement
- 28. www.bl.uk 31 Conclusions Lots to be done Linked data potential solution not an objective Influencing and delivering corporate strategic objectives Increasing Demand for our help!
- 29. www.bl.uk 32 Links: strategy Unlocking the value: the British Library’s Collection Metadata Strategy, 2015-2018 http://www.bl.uk/bibliographic/pdfs/british-library-collection-metadata- strategy-2015-2018.pdf Collection Metadata Strategy Roadmap, 2015-2018 http://www.bl.uk/bibliographic/pdfs/british-library-collection-metadata- strategy-roadmap-2015-2018.pdf Living knowledge: the British Library 2015-2023 http://www.bl.uk/projects/living-knowledge-the-british-library-2015- 2023
- 30. www.bl.uk 33 Links: metadata Contact metadata@bl.uk Free data services http://www.bl.uk/bibliographic/datafree.html Downloads: linked data; open data; researcher format http://www.bl.uk/bibliographic/download.html
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Apologies if the colour is a bit blinding. Metadata is one of those things that people take for granted until it goes wrong, so we wanted something eye catching. And the future is bright for metadata. My purpose today is not to talk about linked data – there are many speakers who can do so much more knowledgably than I can. It is really to reflect on the place of linked data in the library’s metadata strategy.
- First: a quick introduction to the Library The British Library is the U.K.’s national library and also a legal deposit library. The Library currently has around 1,500 staff operating on three sites in Stockton on Tees, Boston Spa and London. The main cataloguing department is based in Boston Spa, but there are many specialist cataloguers in London
- The Library was created in 1973 as the result of an Act of Parliament to amalgamate many existing institutions. Under the Act, the Library is “the national centre for bibliographical & other information services” From an external perspective, the Library has charged for many of its bibliographic services, but over recent years in line with government policy, barriers to access have been removed. We began to offer open data in 210 and Linked Open Data form 2011. In 2015 we published our first Collection Metadata Strategy. I’ll come to what the strategy actually is, a bit later, but first, why did we decide that we needed a strategy.
- “Why” was the hardest question to answer. In fact, it needed a separate document to justify the need for a strategy.
- The Library faces new challenges. In particular those posed by the extension of legal deposit to non-print media. In 2013 the scope of legal deposit was extended to non-print material. This means that publishers can be switched from deposit of printed books and serials to deposit of the e-book or e-journal. The rate of transition is under the Library’s control, which enables us to develop our infrastructure. However, we are already seeing interesting challenges. Based on the contribution from a very small subset of publishers over May 2015 to January 2016 we received 50,000 e books. This corresponds to about 50% of annual intake of printed books. Closer analysis of what has been deposited shows that we are receiving materials which are in effect re-issues of printed books and because of the international scope of publishing, we are receiving materials which have no UK imprint, but are distributed in UK. For much of this additional material we may already have records for the print manifestation, which we should be able to reuse and adapt.
- There are also long standing challenges. We still have printed catalogues. Around 2 million items can only be found by consulting a printed catalogue in the reading room. There is a smaller but unquantified number of catalogues and finding aids on electronic media that need to be migrated to strategic repositories. There are some collections that remain uncatalogued. A pervasive problem is that a lot of legacy metadata, particularly retrospectively converted metadata falls far short of current standards.
- Here is legacy metadata: this record was retrospectively converted from the British Museum catalogue. As the cataloguers among you will recognise, there are some omissions. Where is the language of content? Where is the country of publication? Where is the subject data? This information wasn’t recorded in the original catalogue. Taking language as an example, the orange line shows that for current processing 100% of published resources are coded for language of content. However, if we look at the foundation or legacy catalogues, this drops to under 30%, which has implications for services and for the metadata to inform research and collection management or to visualise the collection. How can you build a linguistic picture of the collection, if the language is not explicitly recorded. This metadata is not capable of answering the questions posed by users and staff.
- Metadata is increasing in importance but it was recognised that within the organization responsibility for metadata was divided and the boundaries were unclear. Addressing the challenges would be impossible unless we could also break down silos.
- In effect each content stream has its own input format and its own system. Each content stream is therefore a distinct silo, usually with its own workflow and specialist staff. The persistence of silos at the discovery layer prevent cross searching of the whole collection but the complexity they create at every level is a barrier to efficiency. In 2004 we implemented Aleph, which removed significant long standing silos based around printed collections. This has created much more uniform metadata and more efficient processes, but many content streams and processes were out of scope and thus silos have been perpetuated. To some extent these silos reflect historic divisions between different components of the Library and responsibility has been distributed between different services and departments.
- How did we do it?
- It helps to scare people a bit at first – look at all the stuff we couldn’t do without metadata. But you also have to offer solutions and hope!
- The following diagram gives an overview of the range of external stakeholders
- And internal stakeholders who are increasingly dependent on metadata to deliver services, and the Library’s strategic objectives.
- The fundamental idea behind the evolving strategy was to treat Collection Metadata as a strategic asset of the Library, on a par with the collection, the staff and the estate. We deliberately limited the scope to metadata about the collection. Collection metadata identifies attributes and relationships of collection resources; location and availability of collection resources and status and rights associate with them
- Like the collection or any other asset collection metadata needs careful stewarship over time and this in turn needs clear leadership and adequate resourcing.
- Like any other asset, investment should be rewarded by improvements in efficiency, better services and more value for money. An important contention is that the metadata should be made to work much harder.
- What’s in the strateggy?
- The vision provides a view of where we want to be in 2020, which aligns closely with the Library’s Strategy, Living Knowledge and its core programmes.
- And a plan…
- If you search the document for the phrase “linked data”, you won’t find it. Nor will you find an explicit mention of RDF. There are lots of references to opening but none to linking. We see opening data as a strategic objective, whereas linked data is a technology whose potential we can exploit.
- We will continue to develop the BNB Linked data offering
- We have been doing some work on linked data. We’ve added URIs for ISNIs to the LOD BNB. We’ve been working with our linked data service provider TSO to improve our understanding of demand for the linked data service and we’ve also worked with Fujitsu Ireland to analyse the statistics in more depth to discover who is using the service and how. A lesson is that although the linked data offering is being used, it is very difficult to analyse by whom and for what reason. It is clear that for many researchers who may be interested in our data, linked data poses a significant technical barrier.
- So linked data is just one of the channels through which we will publish our metadata. Our free Z39.50 service remains very heavily used and continues to grow. We have more than 1500 users in 177 countries, many in singleton posts or small libraries, who reuse our bibliographic records in their own institutions. More recently we have begun to make the data available to researchers as csv, which allows them to work with desktop tools such as Excel or Open Refine. Datasets are available from our downloads page. New data sets are added to complement exhibitions, such as Shakespeare, Punk or in relation to landmark anniversaries, such as Great Fire of London. These include archival and mss resources as well as published books, maps and scores and are certainly being used. We work with government and professional bodies to promote these offerings. We also create bespoke datasets to meet specific needs and for collaborations with students and even our artist in residence.
- To realise the strategic vision and deliver the objectives we have set, we have to break down the silos. The strategy provides a framework within which we can encourage the convergence of standards where appropriate and improve our metadata to make it more actionable. New synergies will emerge offering the potential for better services and greater efficiency. There is an opportunity arising from end of life of out major systems Aleph, Symphony and IAMs which will all need to be replace within the next few years. We can influence but not determine the future of the library’s major systems, which all need to be replaced.
- We have raised the awareness of collection metadata within the institution. We are also better informed of new requirements and receive earlier notice which allows us to influence as well as respond. It is clear that metadata is central to the delivery of many corporate strategic objectives. This has increased demand, but also substantiates bids for additional resource. Convergence creates new synergies. The vision to bring our metadata together informs decisions about system architecture.