Building services consume energy and require careful maintenance if they are to be continuously reliable.
Compared to the building fabric their lifetime is comparatively short. However they make buildings habitable for people to work and live in them by providing air and water at suitable temperatures besides light, power and a host of other utilities for the occupants. The heating, ventilation and airconditioning are a major consideration because they provide heating and cooling for human needs.
With the pressures to design new and refurbish old buildings to be sustainable and also healthy we need to consider alternatives to the traditional approaches to systems provision.
Technology is advancing more and more rapidly but cannot provide all the answers. Throughout history people from all cultures throughout the world have discovered ingenious ways of dealing with the rigours of climate whether hot, humid or very cold. Then there is Nature. The marvels of the plant and animal worlds give ceaseless wonder and can stimulate us to think more laterally.
Intelligent Buildings - Dr Derek Croome presents to CIBSE Yorkshire
1. DREOSTI
MEMORIAL LECTURE
2013
SOUTH AFRICA
SPONSORED BY SAIRAC
DEREK CLEMENTS-CROOME
UNIVERSITY OF READING
INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS INTERNATIONAL
WWW.DEREKCROOME.COM
2. CAN INTELLIGENT
BUILDINGS PROVIDE
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
TO HEATING, VENTILATING
AND AIR CONDITIONING OF
BUILDINGS ?
3. Garrison Keillor
It was luxuries like air conditioning
that brought down the Roman
Empire. With air conditioning their
windows were shut, they couldn't
hear the barbarians coming.
4. Terminology
Sustainable Intelligent Buildings and Cities
Digital
(Cyber)
Intel
Sentient
Quality of
Life Liveability
Green
ICT Web-Based
(e services)
Sensory
Nature
Smart Social Environmental
Environmental-Socio-Economic Value
8. Wind towers in Yazd, Iran to
ventilate houses, are also
constructed to cool
underground cisterns.
Ice House at Kerman Iran. Ice
formed during frosty winter
nights in the shallow channels
protected from the sun’s rays by
the high wall. Its packed
between layers of straw in the
mud-brick dome.
Michell 1978
9. The J.M Tjibaou Cultural Center (Museum of Noumea)
designed by Renzo Piano (Winner of 1998 Pritzker prize),
is a harmonious alliance of modern and traditional Kanak
architecture. Traditional thatch huts, native to the Kanak
people, inspired the design.
Piano learnt from local culture, buildings and nature.Tall
thin curved laminated iroko wood ribbed structures
supported by steel ties resist cyclones and earthquakes.
The ribs have horizontal slats which allow passive
environmental control to occur. The slats open and close
according to wind strength and direction and admit air to
a cavity which is linked to the glazed façade of the
museum.
14. Principles of Integrated
System Design
the brief;
the need for well structured
procedures;
the importance of human and
social criteria;
effective team
Elliot (2009) and The Royal Academy of Engineering
16. Sustainability---- Risk or Opportunity?
– Can you afford to be sustainable?
– (Perceived) higher build cost
Can you afford not to be sustainable?
– Taxes
– Penalties
– Rising prices
– A changing environment
– Occupier awareness
– Increasing legislation
– Shareholder pressure
– New investment opportunities
– Capital value - ‘two tier market’
Hirigoyen J., 2009, Trends in responsible property, Jones Lang LaSalle
17. LEED Rated Buildings
cost 6% more to build;
have occupancy rates over 4%
higher;
command 2-6% higher rents;
save 10-50% in energy consumption;
decreased operating costs;
increased building value 10% in 2008
Hirigoyen (2009) ;Bernstein and Russo (2010)
18. Smart Benefits
Reduced energy consumption
Lower utility bills
Lower emissions
Lower capital costs from increased
equipment life
Decreased unplanned downtime
Lower risk of equipment failure
Reduction in overtime labour costs
e on 2010
21. Low carbon buildings can be unsustainable
if the human needs are neglected
Healthier buildings are automatically low
carbon
but not all low carbon buildings are healthy
workplaces
22. Overheated buildings are wasteful,
uncomfortable and lower productivity
Each deg C rise is about 8% in
energy terms in UK
Air Quality and Temperature Equally
Important
Emphasise Well-being and Freshness
rather than Comfort
23. Improved People Performance in
Green Buildings?
Sickness Absence is reduced
Natural light and ventilation increase
accuracy, concentration .health and
well-being ,happiness, attitudes...
Productivity gains of up to 6-16%
often cited
Journal Property Management /Rocky Mountain
Sarah Daly, 2010, Heath Avery Architects Institute/Pennsylvania Power and Light
24. Care
of People
Saves Energy
Leaner and Fresher
Environments
Greener
25. Environments Conducive to
Health and Well-being
A fresh thermal environment
Ventilation rates to provide fresh air
with good distribution and
acceptable levels of CO2
Good natural lighting
26. Minimal lighting glare from within and
external to the space
Spatial planning and settings to suit
various types of working
Ergonomic work places so as to
minimise muscular-skeletal disorders
Minimum pollution from external
sources including noise
27. Whole Life Value Cost Ratios
Design & Construction (X)
Facilities Management (Y)
Utilisation (Z)
Z >> Y > X
e.g. 80 : 8 : 1
Wu & Clements-Croome, 2004
29. Whole-life Business Model to
Attain Performance
the connectivity of the supply chain
processes from brief to disposal;
sustainability, using BREEAM or another
sustainability assessment tool at each
phase of the building life cycle; and
30. function, performance and value,
using Building Quality Assessment and
the Design Quality Indicator for example,
to make a quality assessment and
post occupancy evaluation so that
long term feedback is obtained by
measuring factors which relate to the
occupant, the systems and the building.
32. Characteristics of Nature
runs on sunlight;
uses only the energy it needs;
fits form to function;
recycles;
rewards cooperation;
banks on diversity;
demands local expertise;
realises the power of limits.
Benyus (2002)
34. Biophilia – How we Connect with
Nature
What is Biophilia?
First described by Erich Fromm in the 1960’s, Biophilia, simply
put, is the Love of Life, or Living Systems.
American Biologist Edward O. Wilson went further with the
‘Biophilia hypothesis’ in the mid 1980’s, that we don’t just love
all things in the natural world, but we are genetically
connected to them. As humans we have a deep desire to
connect with nature whenever possible.
Our subconscious desire to be close to nature in our everyday
lives continues even in the workplace.
35. The Artificial Leaf
Research groups have been trying to
create artificial leafs to try and mimic
natural processes. Dan Nocero then at
MIT now at Harvard had success in 2011.
An Artificial Leaf splits water to produce
oxygen and hydrogen, use hydrogen
either as a fuel or to reduce carbon
dioxide to produce organic fuels.
Royal Society of Chemistry, Harnessing Light: Solar Energy for a Low Carbon Future,2008
36. Biomimetics, Design and
Intelligent Buildings
BOTH ORGANISMS AND BUILDINGS HAVE
TO SURVIVE IN THEIR ENVIRONMENTS
– ADAPTATION (Shape, Materials,
Structures,…),MODULATION
– SENSING, ACTUATION (Passive, Active)
– INTELLIGENCE (Choices, Responses)
– ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Jeronimidis, G, 2007, The University of Reading
37. The Fish (Peix) at Via Olimpica
Barcelona 1989-1992 by Ghery
H. Alderney-William , Zoomorphic 2004, (Lawrence King)
38. Milwaukee Art Museum, Wisconsin, USA,
1994-2001 by Santiago Calatrava is like a
Bird
40. Organic Architecture
Organic architecture
promotes harmony
between human
habitation and the
natural world through
design. Sympathetic
and integrated into its
site so that buildings,
furnishings, and
surroundings become
part of a unified,
interrelated
composition. Fallingwater by Frank Lloyd Wright
41. Animal and Human
Technologies
Spider’s webs, devices
for catching food;
Spider’s web in detail hardened
forms of viscous thready
masses.
Otto –Rasch 2001
43. We mimic Nature, but have yet
to come up with anything to
match its technical and aesthetic
ingenuity, its ability to adapt to
its environment and change over
time.
Nothing beats a spider's web or
for example the human skin.
Back to the Nature in the Urban Jungle, The Times, 26.8.2010 p.16
49. Integrated Sensing
Cerci organs (about 2mm long)
carry about 2000 hair-type
sense organs each act as:
air-flow sensors
chemical sensors
acceleration sensors
deformation sensors
contact sensors
WOOD CRICKET (15 mm
long)
Jeronimidis, G, 2007, The University of Reading
50. Digital Botanic Architecture
The idea is not to make buildings look like
botanic organisms. It is to interlace Nature
and architecture enabling the design of
hybridized, biological structures. The overall
aim is to create new architectural typologies
incorporating natural attributes ordered in
performance, materials, mechanics,
communications, and form.
Dollens 2009
51. The Podhotel
copies leaves and
pods from a
flower stalk, the
leaves being
transformed into
solar and shading
panels and the
pods being
prefabricated
rooms.
Dennis Dollens Grows Architecture: Podhotels and Spiral Bridges,06.05.07 www.treehugger.com
52. Magnetic or Compass termitaries near Darwin , Australia..
Attenborough, D, 2005,Life in the undergrowth, BBC Books p.228
53. Compass termites in Australia
Evolved orientation
of termitary for
preferred maximum
temperature level
of about 320C
Von Frisch 1975
56. Biomimetics: Early Examples
Giant Water lilies – Kew
Gardens-inspires the rib vaults
at Crystal Palace Crystal Palace
Jeronimidis1, G8, 250017, The University of Reading
57. Fractal topology
of extruded leaf
wax
Physical principle =
Surface tension affected by
wax
Droplet collects particles
and clean leaf
Jeronimidis, G, 2007, The University of Reading
58. Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is the production and
emission of light by a living organism.
Its name is a hybrid word, originating
from the Greek bios for "living" and the
Latin lumen "light". Bioluminescence is
a naturally occurring form of
chemiluminescence where energy is
released by a chemical reaction in the
form of light emission
59. BIOLUMINESCENT TREES
Fireflies, anglerfish, other
creatures and some mushrooms
glow due to bioluminescense
60. Alberto Estévez’s
Bioluminescent Tree
Experiments in bio-illumination with
implications for architecture, industrial
and environmental design.
Dollens, 2005,Design Biomimetics: An Inquiry and Proposal for Architecture and Industrial Design
63. Digital Walls with Embedded
Sensors
Dye sensitised solar cells
with titanium oxide layers
on a surface with light
absorbing dye molecules
adsorbed on surface which
can generate electricity
64. Gilder’s proposed photovoltaic cell over the membrane
absorbing sunrays from all directions inspired by
Moths Eye
Microscopic view of a schematic membrane with
impregnations on its outer surface created for increasing
its exposed surface area.
65. A virtual analysis of the model for this project
showing the encapsulated routeings of the
heating and cooling network within the base
material of the structure.
Gilder .J, Clements-Croome .D .J, 2010, Bio inspired Intelligent Design for the Future of Buildings
66. Lessons from Nature
Although human ingenuity makes
various inventions it will never
discover inventions more beautiful,
appropriate and more direct than in
Nature because in her nothing is
lacking and nothing is superfluous.
Leonardo Da Vinci
68. Source: Joseph Jacobsen, Organizational and Individual Innovation Diffusion
Global Innovation Outlook 2004, IBM, p.6
69. Technology Hype Cycle
New technologies are over hyped by the media and
businesses.
A hype cycle is a graphic representation of the
maturity, adoption and business application of specific
technologies.
Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_cycle
73. The power of the sun, 2010, Sullzer Technical Review,1 page 20
74. Solar Charging Clothing
Portable solar chargers like the U-Powered solar charger
from Kiwi Choice are a handy way to keep mobile devices
like smartphones, cameras and media players topped up
with electricity while on the go. GO Solar Power comprises a
range of clothing items that feature pockets to house solar
panels to charge up mobile electronic devices.
75. Bacteria Heal Cracks in Walls
Researchers have designed bacteria that can
produce a special glue to knit together cracks in
concrete structures.
76. Fujitsu Converts Heat and Light into
Electricity with a Single Device
Fujitsu Laboratories today announced a two-in-one energy
harvesting device that can convert both light and heat into
electricity. With no electrical wiring or batteries to replace, Fujitsu
says that this sort of device can be manufactured from organic
materials keeping costs to a minimum
77. 3D-printed Sand Microclimates to Cool
Public Places
Taking a leaf from traditional Islamic
architecture that dealt with the harsh
desert climate with Mashrabiyas – a
projecting latticework window that provides
shade from the hot sun while allowing cool
air from the street to flow through –
London-based design firm PostlerFeruson
has designed a kind of three dimensional
Mashrabiya that can cool the immediate
area in an energy-free way
81. Occupants lifestyle affect energy
consumption
Embedded sensors help increase
occupant’s awareness and help
them to save money and society
save energy
82. Sensors Measure
Motion
Heat flux
Temperature
Galvanic skin response
Heart rate
CO2 partial pressure
Blood CO2
Brain rhythms
Mood and stress
84. M-Dress by Adam
Chang works with a
standard SIM card.
When the dress
rings, you raise your
hand to your head to
answer the call.
jumpsuit with built-in iPod control and
pocket
The Hug Shirt™ is a
Bluetooth accessory for Java
enabled mobile phones
http://www.thestar.com/living/Fashion/article/529211
KineticDress is a
Victorian inspired
evening gown reactive
to the wearer’s
activities and mood.
Mystique (the shape shifter): dress
changes shape and length during the
course of an evening
Accessory Nerve is a Bluetooth mono-sleeve
accessory for mobile phones that
changes pattern (creating pleats on the
fabric) when a user receives phone calls
Embedded Theater) is a system
that allows to interactively
navigate audio-augmented
environments and create mobile
storytelling experiences
85. Fibres could Generate
Electricity from Body Motion
Trousers generate enough
electricity to power a portable
electronic device or to charge a
mobile phone.
Each fibre consist of millions of
zinc-oxide nanowires grown
onto longer strands of Kevlar.
A fabric made of the material
could generate 80 mWm-2
Physics World Vol 21, No 3 March 08
90. Innovations
PROCESSES
Whole Life Value
From Planning to Recycling
Logistic support Analysis
Sustainability Rating Tools
Soft Landings Framework
Optimisation Processes
Network Science for Systems Interactions
91. Innovations
PEOPLE
Biophilia
Well-being Studies
Personalisation
Environment and Work Performance
Information overload
Spaces for working
92. Innovations
PRODUCTS/SYSTEMS
Wireless Sensor Networks/Wi-Fi Chips
Body Sensitive Architecture
Cloud Computing
Networked Worlds
Low Power Lighting
Renewables and Energy
Water Use
Waste Systems
Nano Robots
Smart Facades
Biomimetic Architecture
94. Green Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent
Callebaut
http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html
95. These Lilypads are constructed with a titanium dioxide skin to absorb CO2
96. Green Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent
Callebaut
Titanium Dioxide skin to absorb CO2
2 seater electric pod cars
Biodiesel/electric buses guided by embedded
road magnets
Footstep energy
Wind turbines using air movement
Hydrogen from an Algae Park
Tidal power from wind from passing car
Solar energy from paint containing solar
nanoparticles
http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html
97. Green Mega City: Lilypads
by Vincent Callebaut
Solar energy from paint containing solar
nanoparticles
Clear water from desalination
Robotic maintenance
Bubble Houses
Phase change materials give temperature regulation
Hydroponic farms
Plant water from sewage filtered via zebra mussels
10 storey concrete tower with embedded
photovoltaics
Geothermal wells for heating/cooling
http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html
98. The Arab World Institute in Paris
Institut du Monde Arabe(IMA)
By Jean Nouvel
1981-1987
His first nationally recognised
project.
Received the Aga Khan Award
for Architecture 1987-1989.
Helped him to win the 1988
Grand Prix d’Architecture.
99. This grid elevation contain
240 units
16000 moving parts
- Maintenance
- Power
- Heat
Works like a lens of a camera
a mosaic-patterned block
a jewel
a precious clockwork
mechanism
100. Mashrabyya
Delicate exterior
element
Cooling water
Shading
Filtration air from
dust
Privacy
Has several uses such as
curtain, air conditioner and refrigerator
101.
102.
103. The unique use of high-tech photosensitive
mechanical devices made this building
famous in 1987.
Nowadays its still widely known and hasn’t
lost its futuristic impression but
the facade system no longer works.
Van Poucke on 31/ 01/ 2011,
under History, Technology : Kinetic
Architecture.net
107. Plants and Air Purity
Areca Palm converts CO2 to O2-- need 4 shoulder height
plants per person
Mother-in-Laws Tongue converts CO2 to O2 during the
night-- need 6-8 waist high plants per person
Money Plant absorbs formaldehyde and VOCs
Plants can increase blood oxygen levels and decrease
building sickness symptons like eye irritations, headaches;
asthma; respiratory and lung problems
Research carried out by Kamal Meattle , CEO ,Paharpur
Business centre & Software Technology Incubator Park in
New Delhi
108. UV PCO
Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO) or Photocatylisis is
the opposite
of photosynthesis.
PCO is a natural process whereby Ultra
Violet light energy reacts with the
mineral Titanium Dioxide (TiO2),
triggering a chemical process that safely
and instantly oxidizes or breaks up
organic matter at a molecular level.
As a catalyst, TiO2 continues to work
and is not consumed in the process.
www.pureti.co.uk
109. Improving Air Quality
PURETi treated surfaces
work with nature to purify air
quality including:
Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs)
Smog incorporating NOx and
organic Particulate Matter.
Odours from methane – such
as tobacco smoke, human and
agricultural waste.
Methane /
Formaldehyde
Indoors on windows and
lighting
Outdoors on building
exteriors,
hardscapes, asphalt and
concrete.
www.pureti.co.uk
110. Health and Wellbeing
PURETi helps restore and
maintain a healthy living
and working environments.
Clinically proven to reduce
the risk
of infection, allergies and
disease
Indoors on windows and
lighting
Outdoors on building
exteriors,
hardscapes, asphalt and
concrete.
www.pureti.co.uk
Type 2 Approved Type 2 Medical Device
111. Protecting Aesthetics
Beautiful architecture and
design can be protected
and easily maintained.
Entire streetscapes, from
buildings to signposts, road
markings to advertising
billboards, can be kept
cleaner for longer, ensuring
greater efficiency.
www.pureti.co.uk
112. Solar
Not Treated
Treated
PURETI UV-PCO IS THE ANSWER!
One Application Works for 3-5 Years!
Uses Light to Clean – Not Chemicals!
Cuts Maintenance Cost and Time by >50%
Soiling de-rates PV solar
4%/25% Thermal Solar by up
to 50%
PURETi reduces soiling reducing
cleaning costs (50%) improving
output.
PURETi is also known to have
huge impacts on output in
extreme temperatures.
NON COATED
www.pureti.co.uk
113. Smog Eating Architecture
Dives in Misericordia
(Rome) by US Architect
Richard Meier.
Structure and sails were
constructed using
photocatalytic / active cement.
TiO2 was employed not only to
keep the building white but
also reduce air pollution.
www.pureti.co.uk
114. Il Duomo – Milan, Italy
Il Duomo – Milan, Italy
Trial controlled by Professor
Claudia L. Bianchi; University.
of Milan, Chemistry
Department.
Trial of4 areas of the recently
cleaned Duomo – 2
sculptured reliefs located at
the base, a wall set in the
middle section and roof
panels.
www.pureti.co.uk
115. Phase Change Materials
The RACUS® ceiling tile incorporates a bio-based phase
change material which captures and stores excess heat
gains from within the building which reduces the need
for air conditioning.
The phase change material is a composition of vegetable
oils and fatty acids which are microencapsulated within
an acrylic polymer shell that are embedded within the
ceiling tile.“
"RACUS® stands for Reducing Air Conditioning Units and
Systems.
118. "As the room temperature begins to reach 24°C,
the phase change material, which starts off in a
solid state, begins to melt within the shell and
absorbs the excess latent heat from the
surrounding environment throughout the day.
As the room temperature cools to below 20°C,
the phase change materials slowly begins to
solidify and release the stored latent heat back
into the building. It performs through a natural
passive process continually day after day, year
after year.“
120. Underground Thermal Energy
Storage; The Principle
UTES is a system which utilises Interseasonal Heat Transfer (IHT). This involves
the storage of excess energy
from summer for use in winter heating applications, and the storage of cooling
potential from winter
for free cooling in summer.
Cooling Buildings
Free Cooling
• Warm Store • Cool Store
Warming Buildings
Heat Gain
Heat Losses
Heat Pump
123. Residential Façade – Concept and Performance
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Highly insulated fully sealed
façade
Indirect light
bounced into
apartment
90% recycled
aluminium facade
reflecting light
GRC elements and
mashrabiya screens
provide protection from
direct sunlight
Undulated balconies
provide privacy and
shading
GRC with low thermal mass
Fast responsive system
cooling down very quickly to
reduce heat gain
124. Student Accommodation – Façade Design
Solar Screens
Low Thermal Mass
Patterned screens
provide privacy
control
Ventilated Cavity
Double skin avoids
convection gain
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Recycled Aluminium
Reflects light to street
High thermal
conductivity - cools
down quickly
Highly Insulated
U-Value
0.19 W/m2K
Highly Sealed
3m3/m2/hr
125. Laboratory Facade – Concept and Performance
Windows located where
required for views and
daylight
ETFE cushions filter direct
sunlight and mirror finish foil
reflects the light into the public
realm
Highly insulated and fully
sealed façade
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Indirect light
bounced into research spaces
Lightweight ETFE cushions
absorb energy to avoid heat
radiating back into the street
Passive shading devices to
eliminate direct solar gain
126. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Laboratory – Facade Design
Solar Shading
Glare free daylight
and solar control
Positioned to
maintain views
out
ETFE cushions
Low Thermal
Mass
Lightweight
Non-stick coating
Lightweight
Frame
Air gap for
heat buffer
Reflective Foil
Light to narrow
streets
Heat rejection
layer
Highly Insulated
U-Value
0.19 W/m2K
Highly Sealed
3m3/m2/hr
127. Laboratory Façade
– Prototype Offsite Testing
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
CWCT Test Methods for Curtain Walling
CWTC = Centre for Window and Cladding
Technology
• Air Infiltration test
• Static water pressure test
• Dynamic water pressure test
• Wind serviceability test
(deflections)
• Wind safety load test
(strength)
• Hose test
128. 39°C Radiant temperature 52°C Air temperature
Abu Dhabi – Typical Street
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
129. Abu Dhabi is not very successful at
controlling microclimate. As seen in
the images , the temperatures
sensed and surface temperatures
are well above the traditional
thermal comfort range. There are
various reasons for this.
130. 39°C Radiant temperature 52°C Air temperature
Abu Dhabi – Typical Street
20°C 50°C
Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Asphalt
57°C
Building
38°C
131. Presence of cars as heat sources and
ubiquitous presence of asphalts lead to
ground surface temperatures above 50
deg C. We measured 51.6 C at midday
in September. They would be possibly
higher in mid summer months!
133. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Courtyard- Pool of Coolness
20°C 50°C
Dry ground (shade)
33°C
Wet ground (shade)
27°C
134. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Masdar City, Abu Dhabi
Street Comparison
Hamdan Street, Central Abu Dhabi
135. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Street Comparison
39°C Air temperature
20°C 50°C
Ground Surface Temperature
57°C
Radiant Temperature
37°C
Ground Surface Temperature
33°C
Radiant Temperature
52°C
138. To keep sand from
blowing into their noses,
camels can shut their
nostrils.
When there is no sand
blowing in the wind, a
camel can open its
nostrils (A) and breathe
through its nose.
When the wind starts to
whip up the sand, the
camel just closes its
nose (B).
http://www.allsinai.info/sites/fauna/camel.ht
139.
140. The camel's nose acts as both a humidifier and a
dehumidifier with every breathing cycle.
The hot, dry air that is inhaled passes over the large area
of moist membrane. This air is immediately humidified by
picking up moisture from the nose and cooled in the
process,. This cooler air passes to the lungs and remains
at approximately body temperature.
When it is exhaled, it is cooled even further by passing
over the same nasal membranes, this time by a process of
dehumidifying instead of humidifying. The nasal
membranes are coated with a special water-absorbing
substance that extracts the moisture from the air like the
cooling coils of a dehumidifier.
A net savings of 68 percent in the water usually lost
through respiration occurs just between the cooling and
drying phases of the breathing cycle.
148. Asian Cairns in Shenzhen
by Vincent Callebaut 2013
Six buildings on 70 acres produce their
own food and generate energy using PV
solar and axial wind turbines.
Each ‘pebble’ can be for different uses.
Orchards, vegetables and gardens are
planted within and outside the buildings
149.
150.
151.
152.
153. Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
Cybertecture New form Architecture
James Law Cybertecture Designs
Technosphere The Capital The Vasukamal
(The Fountain Head)
154.
155.
156.
157.
158. Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
Profile:
Location: Mumbai, India
Purpose: Office Building
Completion date: End of 2010
Organization: James Law Cybertecture company
159. Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
Intelligent building Management System
-Use of control and automation services
-Achieve the best interior and exterior
building performance
-Responding to the occupants’ satisfaction
regarding to the building performance
161. Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
Sky Gardens
-Structure used to protect
the building, by enabling
sun shading and providing
a refreshing atmosphere
to the building.
- Use of solar PV and wind
turbine system at the rooftop
162. Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
Intelligent glass facade system
-approximately 15% less surface area than
conventional buildings
-glass panels Solar gain
Heat gain
-Stress mitigation
-
163. Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
Indoor comfort
- “Best space to work in”
J.L. Cybertecture
- ‘Cybertecture Health’
provides
Interactive features
Presents people’s health
statistics such as blood
pressure and weight
171. Tenets for Intelligent
Buildings
Plan and design with an Integrated Team
so that clients, consultants, contractors,
facilities managers all develop a commitment
to the project and want to fulfil the
environmental, social and economic aims.
Systems and holistic thinking
are key.
172. Assess the impacts of the buildings on
occupants and communities nearby.
Occupants behaviour has a large effect
on the consumption of energy and water
so try to increase awareness of occupants
to the impact of their actions on
resources.
173. Aim to increase the built asset value
for the organisation
Understand users perceptions:
understand the physical and psychological
well-being.
Design for Flexible and agile space
Provide Individual control of
environmental conditions
174. Use smart metering but wireless
sensor technology becoming applicable
in building operation for personal use by con
sumers.
Develop data management systems
to give feedback on the performance of
spaces in the building.
Understand the interaction between the
building, systems and the occupants
Commission pre-occupancy and post-occupancy
evaluation are vital.
175. Use a whole life value approach to
ensure quality and whole life costs consid
ered.
Aim for simplicity rather than complexity in
operation.
Think about well-being and freshness
besides comfort and
consider all the senses and how air, view,
daylight, sound, colour ,greenery and space
affect us in the workplace.
176. Connectivity is important for
Interoperability not only between the
systems and the building but also between
the occupant and the building
Design for flexibility and adaptability
177. Think of an Intelligent Building as an
organism responding to human and environmental
needs but also one that needs to “breathe”
through the facade between the external and
internal environments.
The façade transfers light, solar radiation, air, noise,
and moisture but also links occupants to
the outside world so intelligent or smart facades
allow these aspects to be controlled in a way
which is functional but also
Design environment to be enjoyable
to those working and living inside the building.
178. Balance efficiency with effectiveness.
An air supply system for example can deliver
the “right” amount of air to a space and
be deemed efficient but
may not be effective in the space because it
has no impact on the breathing zone
where the people are.
Plan facilities management so the building
is cared for
179. Design beyond the expectations
defined in Regulations.
Keep abreast of relevant fields of
knowledge and innovation.
Learn from other sectors and disciplines
Develop an integrated approach to education
to meet sustainable agenda
180. FUTURES
Carbon positive buildings like artificial leaf
hydrogen generating facades also algae
biofuel facades
Green living facades
Applications of biomimetics
Smart materials for reactive
facades;embedded sensors, nanotubes ,
graphene
Application of nanotechnologies
Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning,
maintenance and site assembly
181. FUTURES
Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning,
maintenance and site assembly
Fully integrated interoperable systems
Buildings into smart grid system
Wireless Sensor Technology linking
climate, building, systems and occupants
Innovation with respect for passive low
technology
New culture of value, systems and holistic
thinking and vision
183. WHAT WE CALL THE
BEGINNING IS OFTEN THE END
AND TO MAKE AN END IS TO
MAKE A BEGINNING
THE END IS WHERE WE START
FROM
T.S.ELIOT-- FOUR QUARTETS-- LITTLE GIDDING
