Integrating CIAT Research in Asia

Eco-EfficientAgricultureforthePoor
Integrating CIAT
Research in Asia
… inAsia

• Reinhardt Howeler:
CIAT’s contribution to cassava production in Asia
• Overview of activities
 Cassava
 Forages and livestock systems
 Linking farmers to markets
 New areas
 Partnerships
 Issues

Cassava
Production: 16% 54% 30%
Trade: 95%

• Continued links between breeding /
pre-breeding and the
germplasm collection
in Cali with breeders
in Asia (especially
Thailand and China)
• Development of waxy
cassava for Thailand
with Thai breeders
and supported by the
Thai Tapioca Development Institute (TTDI)
Cassava breeding for Asia

Cassava production systems
• 50% of the 3.8 million ha grown to cassava in Asia is
planted with CIAT-related varieties
• Much higher percentages in some countries:
Thailand (98), Cambodia (80), Vietnam (70), China (30), Burma (20),
Indonesia (19)
• Adoption of new
varieties and improved
agronomy has
increased average yields
by 50% and by even
more in some countries

Cassava pest and diseases
Develop a response in terms of:
• Immediate quarantine measures
• Monitoring pests and diseases
• Confirm species
• Identify, rear, and
introduce biological
control agents
• Initiation of breeding
strategies

Eco-Efficiency of production & processing
• Erosion control
• Site specific nutrient
recommendations
• ISFM
• Waste utilization &
management
• Processing

Cassava for higher altitudes
• 750 sexual seeds from
crosses from LAC
highlands
• March 2009:
6 promising breeding lines
being evaluated at
1,300 masl
• Develop “elite
genotypes” for
testing with
farmers
• Impact of Climate
Change?

Cassava for Biofuel
• IFAD ICRISAT-CIAT
– sweet sorghum
– jatropha
– cassava
(Cali / CLAYUCA / Asia)
• IFAD 4FGF
• Breeding/selection for
more efficient conversion
to ethanol
• Smallscale processing
• Smallholder production
systems & links to
processors
• Biogas and CDM

Forage and Livestock
Systems
• Legumes for Pigs Project
- technology: ↑ growth and ↓ labour
- scaling-out:
Pig Systems Development Alliance
• Improved Ruminant Production
- focus: technologies & systems
- stakeholders:
• Grasses for Fish

Legumes for Pigs Project Strategy
Stylo for pigs
• How does it work?
• Can it be improved?
Reaching
poor
households
• Government
extension service
• NGOs & projects
Learning
alliance
• platform for sharing
knowledge + training
• linking people and
organizations
DevelopmentResearch
• Understand the
production systems
• Understand the impact
of Stylo 184 (science)
• Improve feeding
systems
• Identify other
feeding options
• Convince partners of
the benefits so they are
interested to scale out
• Support scaling out
(knowledge, tools, seed)
• Build capacity
• Feedback to research

Districts with direct
project activities
Government staff + CIAT
Geographic Reach

Geographical reach
through Alliance partners
NGOs, Development Projects
&
Government staff + CIAT
Geographic Reach

Households growing Stylo 184 as
supplementary feed for pigs, 2006-2008.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Numberoffarmers
NGO
District extension
Number of households growing Stylo for pigs
Scaled out by (1) NGOs and other development partners
(2) directly by district extension services in project target villages

Factors contributing to success
1. An entry technology with significant benefits to farmers
– a powerful incentive for working together
2. A common goal, commitment and like-minded professionals
 Improving livelihoods of poor smallholder farmers through more
efficient and sustainable agriculture and livestock production.
 Many shared additional common goals:
- providing significant benefits to women and ethnic minorities
- use of participatory approaches to work with local communities
1. Respect for each others organisational values, skills, and
contributions
2. Recognition of the benefits of joining in an alliance and working
together in reaching the goals of their own projects

Challenges
• Different institutional cultures and procedures of
partner organisation such as
Differences in remuneration
Lack of access to operational funds
Disincentives for sharing information
Staff turnover
Bureaucratic procedures
• Real and important constraints but
benefits of participation sufficient to
manage these challenges

Ruminant Systems in Central Vietnam
Daklak Province
Ea Kar District
Vietnam

Project focus
Improving household income
and building innovation
capacity for cattle development
Developing and integrating
forage technologies with
farmers
Improving cattle production
through forage-based
feeding systems
2007 – 2009
FAP
2000 – 2002
FSP
2003 – 2005
LLSP
Moving from forages to impacts

Project activities and outcomes
2007 – 2009
FAP
2000 – 2002
FSP
2003 – 2005
LLSP
 Evaluation of forage varieties
with individual farmers
 Developed appropriate forage
technologies for cattle
 Improving feeding systems with farmer groups
 Scaling out forage-based feeding systems
 Improved cattle productivity and income
Moving from simple issues
to systems issues
 Continued improving feeding systems
and scaling out
 Changed cattle production system to
stall feeding, cross bred cattle, and
more market-oriented production

Main stakeholders
Researchers (CIAT, TNU, NIAH)
+ district extension office
+ key farmers in 4 villages
All Stakeholders from first stage
+ district government + commune government
+ farmer groups + commune extension workers
+ district farmer and women’s union
Moving from simple
research partnerships to
complex R&D multi-
stakeholder relationships
All stakeholders from second stage
+ additional communes and farmer groups
+ cattle traders + agricultural banks
+ other district departments (e.g. policy,
planning)
2006 – 2008
FAP
2000 – 2002
FSP
2003 – 2005
LLSP

Adoption of Forages
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Years
Numberofhouseholds

Changes in cattle population and cattle sales
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Cattlepopulation
• Cattle population in the
District doubled from
2003 to 2005
• Mean increase for the
Province only 7%
• Cattle pop. stable from ‘05
Number of animals sold:
8000 in 2005
15,000 in 2008

Stakeholder linkages 2002
CIAT &
NIAH
District
extension
office
Key
farmers
TNU

TNU
(+CIAT,
NIAH)
District
extension
office
Farmer
groups
District farmer
& women’s
union
District
government
Commune
extension
workers
Commune
government

TNU
(+CIAT, NIAH)
District extension
office
Farmer groups
District farmer &
women’s union
District
government
Commune extension
workers
Commune
government
Traders
Banks
Other district
departments

Linking Farmers to Markets
• Smallscale Agroenterprise Development in the Uplands
(SADU):
Vietnam
Laos
• Food, Feed, Fibre, and Fuel for a Greener Future
(4FGF):
Linking smallholders to agribusiness / processing
Benefits to processors: feedstock supply and waste
management
Benefits to smallholders through market engagement
• Inputs to all other projects/programs:
Forages, Cassava

SADU Vietnam
• Development:
Develop impact-oriented, pro-poor
value chain pilots
• Research:
Assess processes, outcomes,
impacts and lessons
• Development:
Mainstream approaches, tools and
lessons
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Research
Extensio
n
Research
Delivery / Development
New Research
“Proof of concept” “Proof of delivery” “Delivery”

SADU Vietnam
• Development:
Develop impact-oriented, pro-poor
value chain pilots
• Research:
Assess processes, outcomes,
impacts and lessons
• Development:
Mainstream approaches, tools and
lessons

SADU Vietnam
Development of value chain pilots:
Cassava
Cattle
Potato
Persimmon
Chayote
Banana

SADU Vietnam
Value Chain Interventions:
 Market linkage development
 Transition to more commercial and competitive
production systems
 Collective action for market access
 Development of commercial support services and
input distribution chains
 Improvements in the design and implementation of
contract farming schemes
 Market-oriented diversification

SADU Vietnam
• Documentation of
approaches, processes,
and lessons
• Sharing of lessons
• Development of manuals
• Training, mentoring, and
advisory services

SADU Vietnam
Emerging results:
 More resilient, competitive, and sustainable smallholder
production and marketing systems
 Direct income benefits to resource-poor and ethnic
minority farming households
 Marketing extension curriculum developed for:
- National Agricultural and Forestry Extension Centre
- College for Managers of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry
 Lessons:
- Entry points for intervention
- Working with agribusiness for pro-poor innovation
- Strategic use of subsidies for scalability and sustainability

SADU
Laos
Value chains
• current key markets:
livestock - pigs, cattle and buffalo;
non-timber forest products – passion-fruit, porsaa (paper mulberry).
• re-entering maize; looking to other key strategic, pro-poor value chains…
• exiting some locally focussed chains: poultry, goats, chilli, bananas…
Key achievements
• adaptation and publication of CIAT Agro-Enterprise
Development field facilitators guide (IPG)
• platform for scaling up, linkages, information and conflict resolution
• conditions for supporting development of service providers
• Learning Alliance with NGOs – provision of training and mentoring support
• Capacity building with national, provincial and district MAF staff

Research areas
• Understanding impacts and equity for different groups within market chains
• Targeting impacts on key beneficiaries through market chain interventions
• Results measurement – additionality, displacement, multipliers
• Further tools to support the’ agro-enterprise development process’, and
capacity building
• Mechanisms for engagement with an opportunistic, short-term focussed
private sector in Laos
• National government policy support – enabling environments for trade

Small-scale Agro-enterprise Development in the
Uplands of the Lao PDR (SADU)
New business models for
sustained trading
relationships

Rural
Households,
Farmer Groups
Cassava
Production
Livestock
Production
Small-scale
Processing
(wet starch)
rootsleaves
processing “wastes”
Forages & Food Crops
manure
manure
biogas
Potential markets for wet starch:
• dry starch
• starch derivatives (maltose, etc)
• locally processed foods
• ethanol (biofuel)
• bioplastics
Food, Feed, Fuel, and Fiber
for a Greener Future (“4FGF”)
• Linking farmers to higher-value agro-industrial markets
• Diversifying livelihoods, improving eco-efficiency of smallholder production systems

New Areas of activity / linkages
• Spatial Analysis - DAPA

Spatial Analysis

Climate Change study in the Lao PDR
• GTZ Lao-German Land Policy
Development Project
• For whole country &
focus on 4 Provinces
• 3 Scenarios
• 2020 and 2050
• Impacts on land use
• Assessment with villagers
- how have things changed
- what adaptations approp.

Cassava current Cassava 2020
Suitability change

Partnerships & Linkages
• CGIAR and AROs:
 Joint projects: ICRISAT & CIP
 Location in CIAT office:
• ILRI: EcoHealth approaches to Zoonotic Emerging
Infectious Diseases (EcoZEID)
• IWMI: currently – location of 2 Lao-based staff
soon – build extension
 Secondments: JIRCAS – hydrologist & economist
• Graduates / students:
 Fourth round of Zamorano graduates
 GMMF: 10 awards (Vn: 4, Kh: 2, My: 2, La: 1, Ch: 1)
 BOKU, German MScs
 UQ PhD

Partnerships & Linkages (cont.)
China
• Agreements with CATAS, GSCRI, YAAS, and CAAS
• CIAT-CAAS Forum to progress collaboration with China/CAAS,
Beijing 17-21 August
Visit to partners/potential partners in CAAS institutions
 Introduction of CAAS and CIAT
 Beans - Crop Science Institute & YAAS
 Forages - Institute of Animal Sciences & CATAS
 Biotech - Biotechnology Research Institute & ?
 Rice - China National Rice Research Institute & YAAS
 Cassava – GSCRI-CATAS
India
• Cassava: pests and diseases & biofuel
• CTCRI, Private Sector, …

Eco-Efficient Agriculture
• “Regions are the integrators”
• Comfortable as it is what we
are doing
• Provides a useful checklist for
activities – no great change

Communications
• Documentation, website, …all pretty poor
Try to get an intern
• Interactions between project, programs, regions
Reaching End Users
• Part of the Strategic Plan and MTP or not?
• The “good” development partners
- Learning alliances, Partnerships, etc.
The “less good” development partners
- Buy in the technologies / consultants
Some Issues

Visibility of the Regions
• Part of the Strategic Plan and MTP or not?
Reaction of donors
Programs “Lost in LAC” or just Lost
• DAPA
• Linking Farmers to Markets
• Cross-cutting projects/activities
Some Issues

Thank you

Integrating CIAT Research in Asia

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