Project Engineering , Planning and Management (Paperback/PDF) By Hiral Shah, Chinttan, Sneha Shweta Size: A4; Pages: 434 : Paperback price: 478.00; PDF Price : Rs. 99 (Note: This is a regular PDF file which can be copied and opened anywhere) Download Full book from www.chinttanpublications.in

1. Table of contents i
Contents
Preface iii
Acknowledgements iv
Dedication v
1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT ENGINEERING
1.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................[1-1]
1.2 PROJECT .................................................................................................................................[1-1]
1.2.1 Definition of project.....................................................................................................[1-1]
1.2.2 Characteristics of projects ............................................................................................ [1-2]
1.2.3 Purpose and scope of project........................................................................................ [1-2]
1.2.4 Typical examples of projects......................................................................................... [1-2]
1.2.5 Project structure..........................................................................................................[1-3]
1.3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT..........................................................................................................[1-4]
1.3.1 Management functions ................................................................................................ [1-4]
1.3.2 Types of project...........................................................................................................[1-8]
1.3.3 Project authority and their functions............................................................................. [1-9]
1.3.4 Project management cycle.......................................................................................... [1-10]
1.3.5 Project life cycle......................................................................................................... [1-11]
1.4 PROJECT REPORT [1-15]
1.4.1 Project reportformat................................................................................................. [1-17]
1.5 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SELECTION OF A PRODUCT.......................................................... [1-20]
1.6 GOOD COMMUNICATION AND BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION................................................... [1-21]
Review questions................................................................................................................... [1-22]
2 PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULING
2.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................[2-1]
2.2 PROJECT PLANNING [2-1]
2.2.1 Project statement or the statement of work..................................................................[2-2]
2.2.2 Project specifications ...................................................................................................[2-7]
2.2.3 Steps for project planning............................................................................................. [2-8]
2.2.4 The planning cycle...................................................................................................... [2-11]
2.3 Project Scheduling [2-12]
2.3.1 Project Scheduling Techniques.................................................................................... [2-13]

2. Table of contentsii
2.3.2 Bar Chart or Gantt Chart............................................................................................. [2-13]
2.3.2.1 Examples on Bar chart............................................................................. [2-14]
2.3.3 Difference between CPM and PERT............................................................................. [2-17]
2.3.4 Difference between network and bar chart ................................................................. [2-17]
2.3.5 Network techniques................................................................................................... [2-18]
2.3.5.1 Critical path method ............................................................................... [2-22]
2.3.5.2 Program Evaluation and Review Techniques(PERT).................................. [2-29]
2.3.6 Examples on PERT and CPM........................................................................................ [2-42]
2.3.7 S – Curve Concept and Crash Time Concepts................................................................ [2-49]
2.3.8 MILESTONE SCHEDULING ........................................................................................... [2-53]
2.3.9 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS)...................................................................... [2-54]
2.3.10 Cost and Estimation ................................................................................................... [2-60]
2.3.10.1 Types of Estimates.................................................................................. [2-60]
2.3.10.2 Pricing process........................................................................................ [2-62]
2.3.10.3 Materials or support costs....................................................................... [2-64]
2.3.10.4 Pricing out the work................................................................................ [2-64]
2.3.11 Software usedin project management........................................................................ [2-65]
2.3.12 Standing operating procedure (SOP)............................................................................ [2-67]
Review questions................................................................................................................... [2-69]
3 STANDARDS USED IN PROJECT
3.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................[3-1]
3.2 DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................................[3-1]
3.3 IDENTIFICATION LETTERS.........................................................................................................[3-5]
3.4 TYPICAL LETTER COMBINATIONS..............................................................................................[3-8]
3.5 FUNCTION BLOCKS-FUNCTION DESIGNATIONS....................................................................... [3-10]
3.6 SYMBOLS .............................................................................................................................. [3-13]
3.6.1 Instrumentline symbols............................................................................................. [3-13]
3.6.2 General instrument or function symbols...................................................................... [3-15]
3.6.3 Control valve body symbols, damper symbols.............................................................. [3-16]
3.6.4 Symbolsfor self-actuated regulators, valves and other devices..................................... [3-20]
3.6.5 Symbolsfor actuator actionin event of actuator power failure..................................... [3-24]
3.6.6 Primaryelement symbols ........................................................................................... [3-25]
3.6.7 Examples- Functions................................................................................................... [3-37]

3. Table of contents iii
3.6.8 Examples – Miscellaneous Combinations..................................................................... [3-45]
3.6.9 Examples – Complex Combinations............................................................................. [3-51]
3.6.10 Example – Degree of Detail......................................................................................... [3-52]
3.7 STANDARDS .......................................................................................................................... [3-54]
3.7.1 ISA: The instrumentation, systems and automation society .......................................... [3-54]
3.7.1.1 ISA S 5.1: (Instrumentation Symbols and Identification) ............................ [3-54]
3.7.1.2 ISA S 20: (Specification forms for P and I) ................................................. [3-54]
3.7.2 API: American Petroleum Institute.............................................................................. [3-55]
3.7.3 TAPPI: Technical Association of the pulp and paper Industry......................................... [3-55]
3.7.4 PIP: Process Industry Practices.................................................................................... [3-55]
3.7.5 SAMA: Scientific Apparatus MakersAssociation........................................................... [3-55]
3.7.6 NEMA:National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association................................................. [3-56]
3.7.7 ISO 9000: International Standardization Organization .................................................. [3-56]
3.7.8 IBR (Indian Boiler Regulations – 1950) ......................................................................... [3-56]
3.7.9 IEEE........................................................................................................................... [3-57]
3.7.10 Safety Organizations .................................................................................................. [3-57]
3.7.11 IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) .......................................................... [3-57]
3.7.12 ANSI (American National Standards Institute).............................................................. [3-60]
3.7.13 ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) ...................................................... [3-62]
3.8 ROLE OF STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS.............................................................................. [3-63]
3.8.1 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)........................................................................... [3-64]
3.8.2 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)................................................................. [3-64]
3.8.3 Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA)................................................ [3-65]
3.9 SAFETY STANDARDS[3-66]
Review questions................................................................................................................... [3-66]
4 BASIC AND DETAILED PROJECT ENGINEERING
4.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................[4-1]
4.2 BASIC OR PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING.....................................................................................[4-1]
4.2.1 Engineering calculations............................................................................................... [4-2]
4.2.2 Making and changing drawing ...................................................................................... [4-2]
4.2.3 Organizing vendor literature ........................................................................................ [4-2]
4.2.4 Writing specifications...................................................................................................[4-2]
4.2.5 PRN (Purchase Requisition Note) .................................................................................. [4-2]

4. Table of contentsiv
4.2.6 Procurement................................................................................................................ [4-2]
4.3 DETAILED ENGINEERING..........................................................................................................[4-3]
4.3.1 Document control........................................................................................................[4-4]
4.3.2 Instrument selection ....................................................................................................[4-4]
4.3.3 Material of construction............................................................................................... [4-4]
4.3.4 Area classification........................................................................................................[4-5]
4.3.5 Instrumentation specification....................................................................................... [4-5]
4.3.6 Drawing phase............................................................................................................. [4-5]
4.3.7 Control center design...................................................................................................[4-5]
4.3.7.1 Control room design .................................................................................... [4-5]
4.3.7.2 Control room one line diagram.....................................................................[4-5]
4.4 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE....................................................................................................[4-6]
4.5 INTER DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES...............................................................................................[4-6]
4.6 INTER AGENCY OR ORGANIZATION INTERACTION ....................................................................[4-9]
4.7 MULTI-AGENCY INTERACTION OR EXTERNAL AGENCY INTERACTION.........................................[4-9]
4.8 MANPOWER PLANNING IN A PROJECT................................................................................... [4-10]
4.9 DEGREE OF AUTOMATION ..................................................................................................... [4-10]
4.10 TECHNICAL REVIEW MEETING................................................................................................ [4-11]
4.11 ENGINEERING PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTIONS............................................................ [4-11]
4.11.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. [4-11]
4.11.2 Significance of engineering, procurement and construction.......................................... [4-11]
4.11.3 EPC (Engineering,Procurement and Construction) contract selection ........................... [4-11]
Review questions .............................................................................................................. [4-12]
5 PROJECT DOCUMENTATION AND DRAWINGS
5.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................[5-1]
5.2 TYPES OF PROJECT DOCUMENTS..............................................................................................[5-1]
5.3 PRELIMINARY SCHEDULE OF EVENTS........................................................................................[5-2]
5.4 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM.......................................................................................................[5-4]
5.4.1 Use of process flow diagram......................................................................................... [5-4]
5.4.2 Approaches [5-4]
5.4.3 Steps in development of process flow diagram.............................................................. [5-5]
5.4.4 Process description......................................................................................................[5-5]
5.4.5 Process flow diagram will include.................................................................................. [5-5]

5. Table of contents v
5.4.6 Process flow diagrams do not include............................................................................ [5-5]
5.5 P & ID (PROCESS AND INSTRUMENT DIAGRAM) .......................................................................[5-6]
5.6 USES AND CONTENTS OF P & T DIAGRAM ................................................................................[5-9]
5.7 PROCESS DATA SHEET............................................................................................................ [5-11]
5.8 MATERIAL BALANCE SHEET.................................................................................................... [5-13]
5.9 INSTRUMENT INDEX SHEET.................................................................................................... [5-14]
5.10 SPECIFICATION DATA SHEET................................................................................................... [5-16]
5.10.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. [5-16]
5.10.2 Purpose..................................................................................................................... [5-16]
5.10.3 Description................................................................................................................ [5-16]
5.10.4 Field required to be considered .................................................................................. [5-16]
5.11 INSTRUMENT PROJECT SCHEDULE SHEET ............................................................................... [5-20]
5.12 PROJECT DOCUMENTATION AND STANDARDS ....................................................................... [5-22]
5.13 LOOP WIRING DIAGRAM OR CLOSED LOOP DIAGRAMS .......................................................... [5-23]
5.14 JUNCTION BOX SCHEDULE ..................................................................................................... [5-29]
5.15 Cable Schedule...................................................................................................................... [5-29]
5.16 MIMIC DIAGRAM................................................................................................................... [5-30]
5.17 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROJECT..................................................................................... [5-30]
5.18 GA DRAWING (GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING)............................................................. [5-31]
5.18.1 Importance of plantlayout and GA drawing................................................................. [5-32]
Review Questions [5-34]
6 PROCUREMENT AND CONTRACTING
6.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................[6-1]
6.2 VENDOR LIAISON.....................................................................................................................[6-1]
6.3 TENDERS ................................................................................................................................[6-2]
6.3.1 Types of tenders ..........................................................................................................[6-2]
6.4 Steps in purchasing [6-2]
6.4.1 Issue of purchase requisition ........................................................................................ [6-2]
6.4.2 Development of acceptable list of suppliers...................................................................[6-3]
6.4.3 Assemble the bid package ............................................................................................ [6-3]
6.4.4 Send the bid package for bid......................................................................................... [6-4]
6.4.5 Formally receive the proposals ..................................................................................... [6-4]
6.4.6 Evaluate the proposals.................................................................................................[6-4]

6. Table of contentsvi
6.4.7 Award of purchase order.............................................................................................. [6-5]
6.4.8 Receive the device .......................................................................................................[6-5]
6.5 PURCHASE ORDER [6-5]
6.6 VENDOR DOCUMENTS AND DRAWINGS...................................................................................[6-6]
6.6.1 Vendor data or vendor documents................................................................................ [6-6]
6.6.2 Vendor drawings..........................................................................................................[6-7]
6.7 SITE SELECTION AND LAYOUT OF A FACTORY............................................................................[6-7]
6.7.1 Site selection and construction details...........................................................................[6-7]
6.7.2 The problem of the selection of a factory ......................................................................[6-7]
6.7.3 Factory building...........................................................................................................[6-9]
6.7.4 Selection of site in a city............................................................................................. [6-10]
6.7.5 Factors affecting layout.............................................................................................. [6-10]
6.7.6 Factory layout............................................................................................................ [6-11]
6.7.7 Plant layout .............................................................................................................. [6-12]
6.8 CONTRACTING....................................................................................................................... [6-18]
6.9 BIDDER LIAISON AND EXPEDITING ......................................................................................... [6-18]
6.10 BID ANALYSIS........................................................................................................................ [6-20]
Review questions [6-22]
7 INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION
7.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................[7-1]
7.2 BILL OF MATERIAL [7-1]
7.3 PURPOSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF INSTALLATION SKETCHES........................................................[7-2]
7.3.1 Various tube plus pipe fittings....................................................................................... [7-3]
7.4 TYPICAL INSTALLATION DETAILS...............................................................................................[7-3]
7.5 INSTALLATION DETAILS OF SYSTEMS...................................................................................... [7-26]
7.5.1 Pressure instruments ................................................................................................. [7-27]
7.5.2 Installation of temperature instruments...................................................................... [7-28]
7.5.3 Flow instruments....................................................................................................... [7-29]
7.5.4 Final control element................................................................................................. [7-29]
7.5.5 Samplers and analyzers.............................................................................................. [7-30]
7.5.6 Installation details of wiring and cable......................................................................... [7-30]
7.5.7 Check or tests of wiring and cable in field quality control.............................................. [7-30]
7.5.8 Installation of thermocouples..................................................................................... [7-32]

7. Table of contents vii
7.5.9 Installation of temperature Installation ....................................................................... [7-33]
7.6 CONSTRUCTION AND START- UP............................................................................................ [7-33]
7.7 CONTRACTOR LIAISON........................................................................................................... [7-34]
7.8 REVIEW OF SCHEDULE ........................................................................................................... [7-34]
7.9 RECEIVING THE MATERIAL ..................................................................................................... [7-34]
7.10 CALIBRATION ........................................................................................................................ [7-35]
7.11 STORAGE AND FITTING.......................................................................................................... [7-35]
7.12 HARDWARE INSTALLATION AND SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION ................................................ [7-36]
7.13 INSTALLATION CONTRACT ..................................................................................................... [7-36]
7.14 VENDOR ENGINEERING REVIEW OF CONTROL........................................................................ [7-37]
Review questions .............................................................................................................. [7-37]
8 CABLE ENGINEERING AND NETWORKING
8.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................[8-1]
8.2 TYPES OF CABLE [8-1]
8.3 CABLE SUPPORT ......................................................................................................................[8-2]
8.4 INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS.............................................................................................[8-3]
8.4.1 Conduit....................................................................................................................... [8-3]
8.4.2 Tray............................................................................................................................. [8-3]
8.4.3 Marine cable................................................................................................................ [8-4]
8.4.4 Input and output cabling .............................................................................................. [8-4]
8.4.5 Cable layout[8-6]
8.5 IMPORTANCE OF PLANT LAYOUT AND GA DRAWING................................................................[8-7]
8.6 CLASSIFICATION OF CABLES.....................................................................................................[8-7]
8.6.1 Twisted pair cables.......................................................................................................[8-8]
8.6.2 Twinax Cable ............................................................................................................... [8-9]
8.6.3 Coaxial cable................................................................................................................ [8-9]
8.6.4 Tray Cables [8-11]
8.6.5 Fiber-optic Cable........................................................................................................ [8-11]
8.7 TYPES OF INSTRUMENT SELECTION HARDWARE..................................................................... [8-12]
8.8 NETWORKING ....................................................................................................................... [8-13]
8.8.1 Network topology...................................................................................................... [8-13]
8.8.1.1 Physical Topologies.................................................................................... [8-13]
8.8.1.2 Logical topologies...................................................................................... [8-16]

8. Table of contentsviii
8.8.2 Networking protocols................................................................................................. [8-18]
8.8.3 CAT cables .............................................................................................................. [8-18]
8.8.4 LAN cards.................................................................................................................. [8-18]
8.8.5 Networking hardware ................................................................................................ [8-19]
Review questions .............................................................................................................. [8-21]
9 COMMISSIONING
9.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................[9-1]
9.2 CONTRACTOR AND VENDOR LIAISON.......................................................................................[9-1]
9.3 LOOP AND HARDWARE CHECK.................................................................................................[9-2]
9.3.1 Loop check .................................................................................................................. [9-3]
9.3.2 Typical flow transmitter check out procedure................................................................ [9-4]
9.3.3 Typical temperature transmitter checkout procedure .................................................... [9-4]
9.3.4 Typical control valve check-out procedure.....................................................................[9-5]
9.3.5 Miscellaneous checks...................................................................................................[9-6]
9.4 SYSTEMS CHECK [9-6]
9.5 PUNCH LIST.............................................................................................................................[9-6]
9.6 CORRECTION VERIFICATION.....................................................................................................[9-7]
9.7 INSTRUMENT GROUNDING......................................................................................................[9-8]
9.8 PRE-COMMISSIONING THE CONTROL SYSTEM..........................................................................[9-8]
9.9 COMMISSIONING STAGE (HOT & COLD COMMISSIONING)........................................................[9-8]
9.10 CORRECTIVE ENGINEERING.................................................................................................... [9-11]
9.11 ACCEPTANCE TESTING ........................................................................................................... [9-12]
9.11.1 Factory Acceptance Testing (FAT)............................................................................... [9-12]
9.11.2 Customer Acceptance Test (CAT)................................................................................ [9-14]
9.11.3 Site Acceptance Test (SAT)......................................................................................... [9-16]
9.12 ERECTION AND COMMISSIONING .......................................................................................... [9-18]
9.13 DUTIES OF PROJECT ENGINEER IN PROJECT SCHEDULING........................................................ [9-18]
9.14 PROCESS START-UP ............................................................................................................... [9-19]
9.14.1 Beginning process testing........................................................................................... [9-19]
9.14.2 Contractor liaison....................................................................................................... [9-20]
9.14.3 Loop tuning .............................................................................................................. [9-20]
9.14.4 Startup Logs [9-20]..............................................................................................................
9.14.5 System refinements ................................................................................................... [9-22]

9. Table of contents ix
9.14.6 Documentation.......................................................................................................... [9-22]
9.14.7 Maintenance training................................................................................................. [9-22]
9.14.8 Production training ................................................................................................... [9-22]
9.15 INTERLOCK ELEMENTARY DIAGRAMS..................................................................................... [9-22]
9.16 CALIBRATION AND TESTING................................................................................................... [9-24]
Review questions .............................................................................................................. [9-27]
10 CONTROL CENTERS AND PANELS
10.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... [10-1]
10.2 CONTROL ROOM LAYOUTS .................................................................................................... [10-1]
10.3 CONTROL ROOM ENGINEERING............................................................................................. [10-2]
10.3.1 Electric power systems............................................................................................... [10-3]
10.3.2 Control Room Lighting................................................................................................ [10-7]
10.3.3 Communication systems............................................................................................. [10-7]
10.3.4 Panel placement........................................................................................................ [10-8]
10.3.5 Electrical classification................................................................................................ [10-8]
10.3.6 Operators’ comfort .................................................................................................... [10-8]
10.3.7 General considerations............................................................................................... [10-8]
10.4 ENGINEERING ASPECTS AND DESIGN CRITERIA....................................................................... [10-8]
10.5 CONTROL PANEL TYPES.........................................................................................................[10-10]
10.5.1 Comparison of panel types ........................................................................................[10-15]
10.6 PANEL LAYOUT.....................................................................................................................[10-16]
10.6.1 Face Layout [10-16]
10.6.2 Rear Layout [10-16]
10.6.3 Auxiliary racks and cabinets.......................................................................................[10-17]
10.7 PANEL PIPING AND TUBING..................................................................................................[10-17]
10.7.1 Air Headers [10-17]
10.7.2 Tubing Runs [10-17]
10.8 PANEL WIRING .....................................................................................................................[10-19]
10.9 NAMEPLATE AND TAGS ........................................................................................................[10-20]
10.10 GRAPHIC DISPLAYS [10-20]
10.11 PANEL BID SPECIFICATIONS...................................................................................................[10-21]
10.11.1 Scope..................................................................................................................[10-22]
10.11.2 Bids.....................................................................................................................[10-22]

10. Table of contentsx
10.11.3 Drawings.............................................................................................................[10-22]
10.11.4 Codes and Standards............................................................................................[10-22]
10.11.5 Panel Construction...............................................................................................[10-23]
10.11.6 Painting...............................................................................................................[10-23]
10.11.7 Graphic Section...................................................................................................[10-23]
10.11.8 Nameplates and Tags.......................................................................................... [10-23]
10.11.9 Piping..................................................................................................................[10-23]
10.11.10 Electrical Systems ................................................................................................[10-23]
10.11.11 Instrument Equipment.........................................................................................[10-23]
10.11.12 Testing and Inspection .........................................................................................[10-23]
10.11.13 Delivery...............................................................................................................[10-23]
10.11.14 Shipping..............................................................................................................[10-23]
10.11.15 Guarantees..........................................................................................................[10-24]
10.12 PANEL INSPECTION [10-24]
10.13 SIGNIFICANCE OF CONTROL CENTER AND ITS DESIGN OBJECTIVES.........................................[10-27]
10.13.1 Control center design..........................................................................................[10-27]
10.13.2 Control room plan, section and detail drawings ....................................................[10-27]
10.13.3 Central control rooms .........................................................................................[10-27]
10.13.4 Control room one line diagram ............................................................................[10-28]
10.13.5 Field mounted control center ..............................................................................[10-28]
10.13.6 Field electronic location and conduit plan.............................................................[10-29]
10.13.7 Electronic one line diagram..................................................................................[10-30]
10.14 INTELLIGENT OPERATOR INTERFACE (IOI)..............................................................................[10-31]
10.14.1 Basic principles for operator interface design .......................................................[10-31]
10.14.2 ..... Example of submarine control system for understanding operator interface [10-32]
10.14.3 Operatorinterface data types..............................................................................[10-33]
10.14.4 Watch station displays.........................................................................................[10-33]
Review Questions................................................................................................................ [10-34]
APPENDIX “A” ( Study of Specification sheet of sensors, transmitters, control valves)
APPENDIX “B”( Factory acceptance test procedure)
APPENDIX “C” (Miscellaneous sheets)