1. Classifying Living Organisms
Domains and Kingdoms

2. Carolus Linnaeus’ Classification System
Swedish botanist (1707-1778)
Binomial Nomenclature –
two-part scientific name
Genus species
Why Latin?
Latin was the language known
universally by the educated
Also used as a descriptor

3. Carolus Linneaus
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species

4. Common Names for
Lutjanus griseus
gray silk
mangrove snapper
mangrove pargue
mango snapper
pargue
black pargue
black snapper
lawyer
silk
snapper

5. Avoiding common names
Cat Cougar
Mountain Lion
Gato Puma
Koshka Catamount
Panther
Chien
kitty

6. Classifying by Relationship
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata
Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia
Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora
Family Canidae Canidae Felidae
Genus Canis Canis Felis
species familiaris latrans domesticus

7. Domains

8. 6 Kingdoms of Living Things
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

9. Domain Archaea
or Kingdom Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
unicellular
Often do not need oxygen
Live in harsh environments; classified base on
where they live (such as thermal vents deep in
ocean, salt-lakes, acidic environments, some
even in ice!)

10. Domain or Kingdom: Bacteria
Prokaryote
unicellular
Often do need oxygen
Live and feed by decomposing other cells.
Some can do photosynthesis.
Cell walls made of peptidoglycan.
video

11. Baceria Shapes
1. Bacilli:
- Rod-shaped
2. Cocci:
- Spherical (round
like a coconut)
3. Spirilla:
- Long and spiral
shaped.

12. Heterotrophic Bacteria
1. Free-living consumers: E. coli
Azobacter converts initrogen into ammonium, making it available for plant use;
E. coli lives in your colon, feeds on your waste and makes vitamin K for you.
2. Parasitic: Always needs an organism to get food or
shelter (host):
Impetigo is caused by strains Staphylococcus aureus
or Streptococcus pyogenes.
3. Decomposers:
Pseudomonas bacteria in the soil recycles dead plants and animals
by turning them into minerals and nutrients that
plants and microbes can use.

13. Autotrophic Bacteria
Producers -> Use
sunlight to make food
and are often green.
Example:
Cyanobacteria: Blue-
green algae
Lives in water
Has chlorophyll
(green pigment
for
photosynthesis)
Some others
have blue or red
pigment.

14. Domain Eukaryota
Eukaryote
Unicellular or multicellular
Includes Kingdom Animalia, KingdomPlantae,
Kingdom Fungi and Protista.

15. Protist Kingdoms
Eukaryote
Unicellular
Heterotroph or Autotroph
No cell walls in Protozoa

16. Protista includes
Protozoa of 4 main groups:
classified based on movement

17. Protista includes
several types of Algae and Seaweed
classified based on chemical criteria (PS pigments)

18. Kingdom Plantae
Eukaryote
multicellular
Autotrophs: Photosynthesis
Strong cell walls made of cellulose

19. 4 Main Divisions of Plants

20. Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryote
Multicellular or possibly unicellular
Heterotroph: absorb nutrients from
decomposing organisms
Cell walls made of protein (chitin), not
cellulose
video

21. Fungi are classified by how they
make SPORES

22. 9 Major Animal Phyla
Porifera (sponges)
Cnidaria (jellyfish)
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Nematoda (roundworms)
Annelida (segmentedworms)
Mollusca (snails, clams, squid)
Arthropoda (insects, crabs)
Echinodermata (starfish)
Chordata (vertebrates)

23. Kingdom Animalia
Eukaryote
multicellular
Heterotroph: eat other organisms
Cells lack cell walls

24. VIRUS: NOT A KINGDOM!!

25. What is a virus?
• Non-living particle, smaller than a cell that can infect living
organisms (hosts).
Structure of Virus:
•Capsid (Protein coat)
•Genetic Material (DNA
or RNA)

26. How to Classify Viruses
1. By their shape
2. Type of disease they cause.
3. Kind of genetic material they have (DNA,
RNA)

27. Shapes:
1. Cylinders 2. Spheres
 Ex. Tobacco mosaic virus,  Ex. Influenza virus
attacks tobacco plants.
3. Crystals 1. Spacecraft
 Ex. Polio Virus  - Attacks only bacteria.

28. Lytic Cycle more of their kind.
Process used by virus using a cell to make

29. Lysogenic Cycle

30. Are virus alive?
Don’t eat, grow, or break down food.
They are not made of cells.
They need a host cell to reproduce.
There is no cure, only a treatment.
Antibiotics DO NOT kill viruses
Antiviral medications only stop viruses from
reproducing.