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Extensive Cryptic Diversity in Indo-Australian Rainbowfishes Revealed by DNA Barcoding ❊  Akademi Perikanan Sorong, Papua Barat, Indonesia §  Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France #  Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) ‡   Badan penelitian dan Pengembangan Kelautan dan Perikanan Kadarusman   ❊ § , Hubert N   § , Hadiaty R.K   # , Sudarto ‡ , Paradis E  § ., Pouyaud L  § .
Interest for Rainbowfish ,[object Object],30,000 years ago 50,000 years ago Pearl for aquarium trade Diversity & Systematic confusion Threats on Papuan Melanotaeniids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(15) (61)
Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Study area and sampling localities 105 Localities 35 IRG specimens Iriatherina Glossolepis Chilatherina Melanotaenia 4 Genera 53 Nominal Species New Guinea Vogelkop Cape York Port Moresby
Methods and Analysis Expedition 2007-2010 Vogelkop Peninsula Half Northern New Guinea Breeding Specimens Commercial sources Rainbowfish Association-IRG Genomic DNA Extraction + PCR + Sequencing Sequences Alignment BOLD module Divergence: K2P Graphic representation : NJ Tree Deposited: GenBank + BOLD Datation Geology-based calibration + some published Mitochondrial molecular clock Phylogenetic Species 1. validate 2. define Diagnostic morphological characters
Results and discussion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Highlight four major clades : I:  Vogelkop Peninsula  New Guinea mapsof.net Include 9 australian species IA:  Main Vogelkop IB:  Bomberai II : Kuweri Lengguru III : South NG + Australia IV : North NG
Mixed COI cluster ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],New Guinea Vogelkop Australia
Cryptic lineages detected ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Vogelkop peninsula Bomberai Lengguru Ayamaru Nominal species Cryptic lineages
Mixed conspecific & Congeneric  Min. K2P = 0 Genetic divergence and taxonomic levels Overlap between within and among species K2P distances (closely related species) Genetic Divergence : Congeneric 14x higher than Conspecific Fig. 1. Distribution of the K2P distances 350 individuals 69 species analyzed
Fig. 2. Distribution of the K2P distances to NN Intraspecific divergence Overlap between within species genetic distances and distances to NN (closely related species)
Large scale pattern of genetic divergence Include 9 australian species Clade III Clade IV Clade II Clade I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Relationship among clades Clade IA Clade IB Clade II Clade III Clade IV ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Datation ,[object Object],[object Object],11.4 myr 8.8 myr Min.subs R: 27.4 and 21 Myr  Canonical ‘fish’  : - Estimated :  11.4  and  8.8  Myr - Fixed: 0.012 subst./Myr Can. Verteb. Subs R: 11.4 and 5.3 Myr Uplift Lengguru Arch : - Fixed :  12  and  9  Myr - Estimated: (0.009 and 0.015 subst./Myr Clade III Clade IV Clade IA Clade IB Clade II Synthetic cladogram among clades (lengguru)
Lengguru Arch Vogelkop and the role important of Lengguru Arch ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ayamaru plateau Raja Ampat Is
Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thanks

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Alta Kadarusman - Vertebrates Plenary

  • 1. Extensive Cryptic Diversity in Indo-Australian Rainbowfishes Revealed by DNA Barcoding ❊ Akademi Perikanan Sorong, Papua Barat, Indonesia § Institut de Recherche pour le DĂŠveloppement, France # Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) ‡ Badan penelitian dan Pengembangan Kelautan dan Perikanan Kadarusman ❊ § , Hubert N § , Hadiaty R.K # , Sudarto ‡ , Paradis E § ., Pouyaud L § .
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Study area and sampling localities 105 Localities 35 IRG specimens Iriatherina Glossolepis Chilatherina Melanotaenia 4 Genera 53 Nominal Species New Guinea Vogelkop Cape York Port Moresby
  • 5. Methods and Analysis Expedition 2007-2010 Vogelkop Peninsula Half Northern New Guinea Breeding Specimens Commercial sources Rainbowfish Association-IRG Genomic DNA Extraction + PCR + Sequencing Sequences Alignment BOLD module Divergence: K2P Graphic representation : NJ Tree Deposited: GenBank + BOLD Datation Geology-based calibration + some published Mitochondrial molecular clock Phylogenetic Species 1. validate 2. define Diagnostic morphological characters
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Mixed conspecific & Congeneric Min. K2P = 0 Genetic divergence and taxonomic levels Overlap between within and among species K2P distances (closely related species) Genetic Divergence : Congeneric 14x higher than Conspecific Fig. 1. Distribution of the K2P distances 350 individuals 69 species analyzed
  • 10. Fig. 2. Distribution of the K2P distances to NN Intraspecific divergence Overlap between within species genetic distances and distances to NN (closely related species)
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.