3. 9 Elements for Producing a Piece9 Elements for Producing a Piece
of Writingof Writing
• Syntax
• Grammar
• Mechanics
• Organization
• Word Choice
• Purpose
• Audience
• The Writer’s Process
• Content
4. Teaching Writing
1.1. Controlled to Free Approach : FirstlyControlled to Free Approach : Firstly
students change or write some sentences,students change or write some sentences,
and after reaching a high level, they beginand after reaching a high level, they begin
to write paragraphs freely (ACCURACY-to write paragraphs freely (ACCURACY-
FOCUSED).FOCUSED).
2.2. Free Writing Approach: It is just makingFree Writing Approach: It is just making
students write lots of ideas about a topicstudents write lots of ideas about a topic
freely (QUANTITY-FOCUSED)freely (QUANTITY-FOCUSED)
6 Approaches for Teaching Writing6 Approaches for Teaching Writing
5. Teaching Writing
3. Paragraph Pattern Approach: It is copying a3. Paragraph Pattern Approach: It is copying a
paragraph in a book or writing a paragraphparagraph in a book or writing a paragraph
by looking at a sample paragraphby looking at a sample paragraph
(ORGANIZATION-FOCUSED).(ORGANIZATION-FOCUSED).
4. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach: It4. Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach: It
wants students to write a paragraph about awants students to write a paragraph about a
grammar topic like past tense with squentialgrammar topic like past tense with squential
phrases such as firstly, secondly.phrases such as firstly, secondly.
6 Approaches for Teaching Writing6 Approaches for Teaching Writing
6. Teaching Writing
5. Communicative Approach: It is just giving a5. Communicative Approach: It is just giving a
purpose and audience in a real-life situationspurpose and audience in a real-life situations
and wanting the students write a paragraphand wanting the students write a paragraph
for a communicative purposefor a communicative purpose
(PURPOSE&AUDIENCE-FOCUSED)(PURPOSE&AUDIENCE-FOCUSED)
6. Process Approach: Iı is making the students6. Process Approach: Iı is making the students
write a paragraph by following writingwrite a paragraph by following writing
processes step by step like brain storming,processes step by step like brain storming,
free writing, first draft etc. (PROCESS-free writing, first draft etc. (PROCESS-
FOCUSED)FOCUSED)
6 Approaches for Teaching Writing6 Approaches for Teaching Writing
Hinweis der Redaktion
We know that students arrive at school with varying levels of word knowledge. Students’ word knowledge or vocabularies are influenced by their life experiences and cultural backgrounds. Once in school, students acquire some of their vocabulary knowledge through teacher instruction, frequent interactions with a variety of texts, and participation in a variety of language activities. Teachers need to build on students’ oral vocabularies and extend their developing reading vocabularies. Several types of vocabulary have been identified: Listening vocabulary includes words students hear and understand. Speaking vocabulary includes words students use in everyday speech. Reading vocabulary includes words in print that students know. As students begin to read, reading vocabulary is mapped onto their listening and speaking vocabularies. Writing vocabulary includes words that students understand and can reproduce when writing.
