The document defines a bibliography and annotated bibliography and provides examples of their formats. A bibliography is a list of sources used in a work, while an annotated bibliography includes a brief description of each source. The document outlines APA style guidelines for bibliographies, including formatting citations with hanging indents and references in alphabetical order. It also provides examples of citing different source types such as books, articles, websites and encyclopedias. For annotated bibliographies, each citation is followed by a 150-word paragraph evaluation.
2. General Definition:
List of books, magazines, articles,etc. relating to a particular subject,
period, or author.
The history, identification, or description of writings or publications .
A bibliography is a list, that goes at the end of a work of research
writing , that lists all the sources utilized in the paper.
Preparing bibliographies helps researchers keep track of the sources
they consulted or cited for their written material and gives readers a
framework of how the writers' arguments were formed.
The most important element of a research paper.
3. APA Style Definition:
American Psychological Association
Is most commonly used to cite sources within the social
sciences that is revised according to the 6th Edition
is widely accepted in the social sciences and other fields, such
as education, business, and nursing
requires parenthetical citations within the text rather than
endnotes or footnotes
Citations in the text provide brief information, usually the name
of the author and the date of publication, to lead the reader to
the source of information in the reference list at the end of the
paper.
4. Basic Bibliography
Standard Formats
1. Basics
a. End or new page with the centered title, References.
b. Alphabetize the entries in your list by the author’s last
name,
if the author’s name is unknown, alphabetize by the
title, ignoring A, An or The.
c. For dates, spell out the names of months in the text of
your paper.
5. Basic Bibliography
Standard Formats
2. Underlining or italics
a. name of the publications must be underline or italics
3.Hanging Indentations
a. APA citations should use hanging indents, that is, the
first line of an entry should be flush left, in the second and
the subsequent lines should be indented ½’’.
6. Basic Bibliography Standard Formats
4.Capitalization, Abbreviation and Punctuations
a. Sentence-style capitalization, title italicized.
b. More than one author, use an ampersand (&)
before the name of the last author; if there are more
than six authors, list only the first one and use et al.
for the rest.
c. place the date of publication in parenthesis ()
immediately after the name of the author, place a
period after the closing parenthesis.
7. Format Examples
1.Books
Author’s last name, first initial. (Publication date). Book
title. Additional information. City of Publication: Publishing
company.
Example:
Allen, T. (1974). Vanishing wildlife of North
America. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic
Society.
8. Format Examples
2. Encyclopedia and Dictionary
Author’s last name, first initial. (Date). Title of Article. Title
of Encyclopedia. (Volume, Pages).City of Publication:
Publishing Company.
Example:
Bergamann, P.G. (1993). Relativity. In The New
Encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508).
Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
9. Format Examples
3. Magazines & Newspapers Articles
Author’s last name, first initial. (Publication date). Article
title. Periodical Title, volume number (issue number if
available), inclusive pages.
Example:
Kanfer, S.(1986, July 21). Heard any good
books lately?Time, 113, 71-72.
10. Format Examples
4.Website or Webpage
Online periodical :
Author’s name. (Date of Publication). Title of
Article. Title of Periodical, volume number,
retrieved month day, year, from full URL.
11. Format Examples
For Online document:
Author’s name. (Date of Publication). Title of Work.
Retrieved month day, year, from full URL.
Example
Dove, R. (1998). Lady freedom among us. The
Electronic Text Center. Retrieved June 19,
1998, from Alderman Library, University of
Virginia Website:
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/subjects/afam.html
12. Annotated Bibliography
Is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents.
Each citation is followed by a brief (usually about 150
words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the
annotation.
The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of
the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited.
Link: guides.library.cornell.edu/annotatedbibliography
13. Basic APA Style Format
for an Annotated Bibliography
1.Double space the entire bibliography, including within
the citations and annotations.
2.Hanging Indents are required for citations in the
bibliography. The first line of the citation starts at the left
margin. Subsequent lines of the citation are indented 4
spaces.
3. At the end of the citation, press the Return Key to drop
down to the next line(double spaced).Do not add a blank
line.
14. Basic APA Style Format
for an Annotated Bibliography
4. The annotation is indented as a block, 2
additional spaces.
5. The right margin is the normal right margin of
your document.
6.In a long bibliography, organize your entries by
topic.
