This presentation provides an introduction to Primary Energy + Renewables (PER), as developed by the Passive House Institute, with new certification tiers that provide a design framework to enhance an all-renewable energy grid. This framework will be further expanded upon at the upcoming NAPHN17 Conference & Expo in Oakland, CA, on October 4-8th, 2017. Details on the event are included.

1. Bronwyn Barry, RA, CPHD
Introducing
PRIMARY ENERGY
+ RENEWABLES
A Building Framework for the
All-Renewable Energy Future:
As Developed by:

2. OVERVIEW
 What is Source (Primary) Energy?
 What is a Primary Energy ‘factor’
 Why factors are local, regional & climate-specific
 Designing for an All-Renewable Energy Future
 How Primary Energy Renewable (PER) was developed
 What this looks like in California
 A few building examples

3. PRIMARY ENERGY ACCOUNTING
SOURCE: Illustration from ‘California’s All Renewable Energy Future’ by Bronwyn Barry
‘SOURCE’ vs ‘SITE’
ENERGY

4. PRIMARY ENERGY ACCOUNTING
SOURCE: Illustration from ‘California’s All Renewable Energy Future’ by Bronwyn Barry
‘SOURCE’ vs ‘SITE’
ENERGY
‘SITE NET ZERO’ IS FUZZY MATH!

5. WHAT IS A UTILIZATION FACTOR FOR ELECTRICITY?
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

6. WHAT IS A UTILIZATION FACTOR FOR ELECTRICITY?
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

7. WHAT IS A UTILIZATION FACTOR FOR ELECTRICITY?
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

8. WHAT’S YOUR REGIONAL(SOURCE) ENERGY FACTOR?
SOURCE: Image - http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps, Data: Passive House Academy
kWh of Source Energy per kWh of delivered electricity (2004) National: 3.315

9. WHAT’S YOUR REGIONAL(SOURCE) ENERGY FACTOR?
SOURCE: Image - http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps, Data: Passive House Academy
kWh of Source Energy per kWh of delivered electricity (2004) National: 3.315
ERCOT:
3.574
Alaska: 3.568
Hawaii: 3.1917
Eastern: 3.394

10. WHAT’S YOUR REGIONAL(SOURCE) ENERGY FACTOR?
SOURCE: Image - http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps, Data: Passive House Academy
kWh of Source Energy per kWh of delivered electricity (2004) National: 3.315
Western: 2.853
ERCOT:
3.574
Alaska: 3.568
Hawaii: 3.1917
Eastern: 3.394

11. HOW DIRTY(OR CLEAN) IS YOUR GRID?
Nuclear
North East
Hydro North
West
Windy Great
Plains
Coal
Midwest
Solar
Coasts
Gas
Everywhere!
Solar
Coasts
Gas
Everywhere!

12. SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

13. SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

14. SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

✕

15. SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

✕
Renewables 3x better
site utilization

16. SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES
SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

✕
Renewables 3x better
site utilization
But non-Renewables
look equally good

17. SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZINGAN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE

18. SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZINGAN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE

19. SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZINGAN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE

20. SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZINGAN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE

21. SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZINGAN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE

22. SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,
VISUALIZINGAN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
New Design
Incentives
Needed

23. RETHINKINGPRIMARY (SOURCE) ENERGY
Heating/Cooling
Demand:
Peak Heat Load:
Air-tightness:
Total Primary Energy:
15 kWh/m2yr
or 4.75 kBTU/hr.ft2
10 W/m2
or 3.2 BTU/hr.ft2
n50 < 0.6 ACH
Primary Energy
Renewables (PER)
Factors 3 Certification Levels
Incentivizes RENEWABLE ENERGY sources
SOURCE: Image – Team Germany 2009 Solar Decathlon Passivhaus supplies 200% of it’s energy via renewable energy.
Creates a CARBON
EMISSIONS focus

24. THREE RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATION LEVELS
Energy Supply from Renewable Resources
Final Energy Demand at the BuildingPER =
INCENTIVIZES:
1. Total Demand Reduction & Peak Load Shifting
2. Fuel switching to all-electric with heat pumps
3. Regional renewable grid efficiencies
4. Allows local and off-site renewable credits
5. Seasonal storage of renewables at utility scale
6. Urban density & equitable renewable credit for all buildings
SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment

25. SOURCE: Illustrations by Bronwyn Barry, info: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment
BUILDINGAN ALL-RENEWABLE ENERGY FRAMEWORK
1. Total Demand
Reduction
Allocate by:
 Electricity
 Hot Water
 Heating
 Cooling
 Dehumidification
2. Seasonal Energy
Demand
3. Regional Grid
Renewable Supply
Account for:
 Wind
 Solar PV
 Hydro
~ Biomass
~ District Heat
4. Building
Site & Size
6. Renewable
Storage
Look at kWh of:
 Short-term &
 Long-term energy
5. Regional
Peak Load
Incentivize Load shifting
according to:
 Demand Type
 Daily Peak Use
 Seasonal Peak
7. Appliance
Energy Source
Incentivize fuel
switching to electric
heat pumps
Account for:
 Local renewable availability
 Building size vs roof area
 Supply vs Demand balance
 Viable short- vs long-term storage

26. FRAMEWORKFOR CALIFORNIA
5. Regional
Peak Load

27. FRAMEWORKFOR CALIFORNIA
5. Regional
Peak Load

28. FRAMEWORKFOR CALIFORNIA
5. Regional
Peak Load

29. FRAMEWORKFOR CALIFORNIA
5. Regional
Peak Load

30. FRAMEWORKPER FACTORS IN THE PHPP
SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/harrmann/the-new-phpp-version-9-project-specific-cause-effect

31. APPLIEDTO A HOME IN VANCOUVER, BC
SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/harrmann/the-new-phpp-version-9-project-specific-cause-effect

32. APPLIED TO A HOME IN MAINE
SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/harrmann/the-new-phpp-version-9-project-specific-cause-effect

33. APPLIEDTO A SAN FRANCISCO RENOVATION
SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/harrmann/the-new-phpp-version-9-project-specific-cause-effect

34. SUMMARIZINGPRIMARY ENERGY RENEWABLE
BASIC PRINCIPLES
1. Manages ‘Loss’
1. Driven by:
Comfort
Quality
Durability
3. Credits renewables
separately
PRIORITIZES
DEMAND
REDUCTION
Renewable sources given
beneficial ‘Primary Energy
Renewable’ factors
Credits allocated to:
On-site generation
Off-site generation
Green Roofs
(Regional grid supply
factored into this
calculus.)
SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD

35. EQUITABLECALCULATION FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
BASIC PRINCIPLES
1. Manages ‘Loss’
1. Driven by:
Comfort
Quality
Durability
3. Credits renewables
separately
SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD
RENEWABLE
CREDITS ALLOCATED
BY
Projected Building
Footprint
Incentivizes large-scale
and micro-grid renewable
supply.
Off-site generation allowed
for Premium Tier.
Does not penalize commercial, tall,
shaded or urban infill projects with
no site generation capacity.

36. LEARN MORE HERE
http://www.naphnconference.com/
Event Partners:
 Passive House Institute
 Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory
 Pacific Gas & Electric
 Living Futures Institute
OCTOBER 4-8TH
Oakland, CA
PASSIVE +
RENEWABLES
KEYNOTE:
Scott Foster, Director,
Sustainable Energy Division, United
Nations ECE (includes USA &
Canada.)

37. FURTHERREADING, THANKS AND CREDITS
SOURCE MATERIAL:
 Passive House Institute, passivehouse.com
 ‘The PER Sustainability Assessment,’ Passipedia.org
 Andre Harrmann, CertiPHiers & Harrmann Consulting
 Bronwyn Barry, ‘California’s All-Renewable Energy Future’
RECOMMENDED READING:
https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessme
nt
https://passipedia.org/basics/passive_house_-
_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply/passive_house_the_next_decade
SOURCE: Image – Cottle Passive House NZE, One Sky Homes
THANK YOU
Bronwyn Barry, RA, CPHD
Email: info@naphnetwork.org
Website: http://naphnetwork.org/

38. FRAMEWORKCALCULATION METHOLOGY
2. Seasonal Energy
Demand
Allocated by:
 Electricity
 Hot Water
 Heating
 Cooling
 Dehumidification
6. Renewable
Storage
kWh of:
 Short-term &
 Long-term energy
SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment

39. SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment
Figure 4: The PER factors are equivalent to the required additional
RE supply for each kWh of a consumer’s additional energy demand.
Examples are shown for domestic hot water, heating and cooling in
Boise, US.
Figure 5: Exemplary PER factors for selected locations in different
climate zones arctic, cool-temperate, warm and very hot.
Figure 6: PER factors for space heating for various
locations integrated into the PHPP. Average value and
variation.
4. Building
Site & Size
Accounts for:
 Local renewable availability
 Building size vs roof area
 Supply vs Demand balance
 Viable short- vs long-term storage
FRAMEWORKCALCULATION METHOLOGY