AMUL FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALISIS

1. A
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT
ON
Co – Operative Milk Producer’s Union Ltd.
(AMUL) {Financial Statement Analysis}
SUBMITTED TO
L.J. Institute of Management Studies
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
In
Gujarat Technological University
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Akshit Gandhi
Submitted on:
Submitted by:
August 2013
Brijesh Rana
Enrolment number: 127960592083
MBA SEMESTER: III
Batch No.: 2012-2014
AMUL
Page 1

2. Certificate
Certified that this comprehensive project report “Financial Statement
Analysis” is the bonafied work of Brijesh Rana
(Enr. No.
127960592083) who carried out the research under my supervision. I also
certify further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein
does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis
of which a degree or a work was conferred on an earlier occasion on this
or any other candidate.
Date:
Place:
Signature of the student
It is certified that the work mentioned above is carried out under my guidance.
Date:
Place:
AMUL
Signature of the faculty guide
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3. Students’ Declaration
I/We, Brijesh Rana (Enr. No. 127960592083) hereby declare that the
report
for
Comprehensive
Project
on
“Financial
Statement
Analysis(AMUL)” is a result of our own work and our indebtedness to
other
work
publications,
references,
if
any,
have
been
duly
acknowledged.
Date:
Place:
AMUL
Student Name:
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4. Index
Sr No.
Particular
1
2
3
4
5
6
Preface
Acknowledgement
Research Methodology
Executive Summary
Intro. To Organization
Financial Analysis
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
(a)Cost Sheet
(b)Comparative Analysis
(c)Ratio Summary
(d)Graphs
(e)Ratio Calculation
Working Capital Management
(a)Working Capital Statement
DuPont Analysis
Common size Statement Of P&L
Common size Statement Of Balance Sheet
Annual Progress Of AMUL Dairy
Conclusion
Bibliography
AMUL
Page
No.
4
5
6
28
29
61
61
64
66
68-85
86
88
91
92
95
96
97
99
100
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5. PREFACE
MBA is full time professional course of two year in which the
student are taught about the management aspects of company. Here the
student are given theoretical knowledge but this course emphasizes more
on practical knowledge and skilling.
As student of first year business admin, I was given an opportunity
to prepare a finance report on AMUL for the subject of financial
management. The preparation of financial report at the 1st year to
understand financial report and financial matter of the company.
The preparation of financial report helps the students to get a
detailed about the finance related management in a company like how the
funds are proved how they are utilized and many more aspects.
AMUL
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6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
As we know that no book is work of its authors. There are many
people who help authors to complete book. In the same way my report is
not only work of myself. There are many people who have been very
helpful to me in preparing this report.
To make the students familiar with the financial aspects and matter
of the company. I was given an opportunity to prepare a Financial Report
on “KAIRA DISTRICT CO-OPERATIVE MILK
PRODUCER’S UNION LTD. (AMUL)”
So, First of all I would like to thank our Honorable Dean Siddharth
Sir for given me permission to prepare the Financial Report on “KAIRA
DISTRICT CO-OPERATIVE MILK PRODUCER’S UNION LTD.
(AMUL)
I am also thankful to our prof. Akshit Sir who provided me with
essential Information and gave his value time and helped me in the
preparation of this report.
Finally, I am thankful to my collage and faculty who helped me to
collect information of the company.
AMUL
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7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
ABSTRACT
Accounting
information
provided
by
means
of
financial
statements- The income statement and the Balance Sheet are often in
summarized form. Viewed on the surface, the truths about the results and
the financial position of a business hidden in them remain veiled. To be
of optimal benefit and as well enable the users make well – informed
decisions, financial statements need to be analyzed by means of ratios.
Therefore, in order to establish the role of ratio analysis in business
decisions, this research is carried out. The researcher made use of both
primary and secondary sources of data collection. However, for the
former, questionnaires were administered, whereas for the later, relevant
were received. The data Collected via the primary data sources were
analyzed using simple averages and percentages. After ratios analysis
conducted on the chapter four, mode at 95 level of confidence (5% level
of significance). Finally, it was established that ratios analysis evils
business decision.
AMUL
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8. INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The two primary objectives of every business are profitability and
solvency. Profitability is the ability of a business to make profit, while
solvency is the ability of a business to pay debts as they come due.
However, the achievement of these objectives requires efficient
management of resources of the business through planning, budgeting,
forecasting, control, and decision – making. Also, the strengths and
weakness of the business need to be identified and necessary corrective
measures applied. Interestingly, accounting provides information that
facilitates these functions.
Basically, accounting measures and communicates economic
information needed for decision –making.
Thus, the American
Accounting Association defined accounting as “the process of
identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to
permit informed judgments and decisions by the information”. Statement
and the Balance Sheet. The Income Statement shows the profitability or
profitability or operational result of a business, while the balance sheet
shows the solvency or financial position of a business.
AMUL
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9. Although profiles are often used as the basis for judging the
performance of a business, such profits must be related to the various
items of the financial statements in order to be meaningful and useful for
decision making. Furthermore, owing to the summarized nature of
financial statements, a lot of truths are hidden in them. Thus, they need to
the analyzed and interpreted by means of financial ratios to enable the
users understand the meaning of the absolute amounts shown in them,
and make informed business decisions.
Financial statements carry lots of financial Information that are hidden
in the figures. The figures in financial statements become more useful
when they are related to each other or to some other relevant financial
data. Therefore, users of financial information go a further step to
establish relationships (or ratios) among selected data in financial
statements.
According to “Accounting {or financial} ratio is a proportion or
fraction or percentage expressing the relationship between one item in a
set financial statements and another item in the financial statements.
Accounting ratios are the most powerful of all tools used in analyzed and
interpreting financial statements”. Therefore, ratio analysis involves
taking stats of number (or items) out of financial statements and forming
ratios with them, to enhance informed judgments and decisions
AMUL
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10. defined decision-making as “a conscious process of making
choices among one or more alternatives with the interior of moving
toward some desired state of affairs.” Therefore, business decisions can
be defined as choices relating to the allocation and/or use of business
resources to achieve business goals.
“Managers want information because they need to make decisions. The
proper use of information is an important part of decision-making.”
Remarkably, one of the effective ways of providing information needed
for decision-making is ratio analysis.
Yes, business dictions of make or buy, investment or divestment,
expansion or contraction, capital-organization and reconstruction, and so
on cannot be properly made without the aid of financial ratios. They give
cue to the financial strengths and weaknesses of a business, and highlight
aspects of a business requiring further investigation.
Therefore, this research is carried out to show ratio analysis help
managers, shareholders, investors, creditors, and other stakeholders make
informed judgments and decisions about the past performance, present
condition, and futures potential of a business.
AMUL
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11. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Financial information provided in financial statements are useful in
business decisions. However, it must be noted that financial statements
are means to an and not an end in themselves. Thus the use of financial
statements in decision-making is not always easy owing to the following
problems:
1.
In view of the summarized nature of the information contained in
financial statements, they need to be analyzed and interpreted by
means of financial ratios to enable management and stakeholders
understand them and make well-informed business decisions.
2.
Many users of financial statements are not knowledgeable about
accounting ratios and how the ratios can be applied to financial
statements to aid decision-making.
3.
Despite the immense benefits of ratio analysis, there are a lot of
weaknesses or limitations associated with its use.
In view of the above stated problems, this research is embarked upon to
identify the proper use of financial ratios, and the roles ratio analysis
plays in business decisions
AMUL
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12. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
In consideration of the problems identified above, the objective of
this research include.
1.
To show how ratio analysis facilitates proper understanding of
information contained in financial statements.
2.
To show how ratio analysis aids business decisions.
3.
To examine the techniques used in analysis financial statements.
4.
To identify the usefulness of financial ratios in measuring and
predicting the performance and financial position of a business.
5.
To unravel the obstacles to the proper use of financial ratios in
business decisions.
6.
To suggest on ways to enhance efficient use of ratio analysis in
decision-making.
AMUL
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13. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
i.
Is ratio analysis useful in evaluating and prediction the
performance of a business as well as intensifying areas that regret
improvement?
ii.
Do you agree with the fact that ratio analysis facilitates proper
understanding of information contained in financial statements?
iii.
Is ratio analysis useful to management investors, shareholders and
creditors in their business divisions?
iv.
Does financial ratio helps to unravel the mass of truth hidden in
financial statements?
v.
Are there obstacles that affect the proper use of ratio analysis in
business decisions?
AMUL
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14. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study is that on its completion, the
following benefits will be derived:
1.
The study will help management of AMUL and others to know
how ratio analysis can help them understand the financial
contained in financial statements and enhance their business
decisions.
2.
The findings of the research and the supportive reference materials
will be of immense help to students in tertiary institutions and other
researchers to investigate further in the area of study.
3.
It is hoped that the result of the research will facilitate optimal
business decisions when the recommendations are complied with.
4.
The study will encourage businessmen, investors, managers, and
government authorities to appreciate quantitative techniques like
financial ratios when making economic and business decisions.
AMUL
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15. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
“scope of the study is the limits or boundary lines of the study. It
is the areas covered by the research or the extent the researchers would
go. Limitations of the study are hindrances or obstacles witnessed by the
researcher in the course of the study. Which could influence his
conclusions.”
In
view of the impossibility of covering every type of financial
statement, this study is therefore restricted to the analysis of the income
statement and the Balance Sheet by means of financial ratios. However,
other analytical techniques such as horizontal analysis, vertical analysis
and termed analysis would also be explained and illustrated.
Finally, although University Ratio Analysis is the core of the study,
nevertheless, multivariate Ratio Analysis would be partly illustrated using
Du Pont Equations.
AMUL
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16. LIMITATION OF STUDY
In the course of this research work, the researcher was faced with
some constraints which played a limit he the ability and performance of
the researcher encountered the following constraints among others.
Insufficient Financial: The researcher needed a lot of money to travel
as far as Aba to collect the necessary data from the firm under syudy.
Money was also required to visit secondary data sources such as the
internet, libraries, professional bodies, and so on.
Lack of Co-Operation: The employees of the firm under study were not
encouraging. Some of them were so biased and prejudiced that did not
care to understand the purpose of the research. This resulted to their
failure to provide sufficient information required for proper completion of
the study.
AMUL
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17. DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN THE STUDY
Accounting:
The process of recording, summarizing, analysis and
interpreting financial (money-related) activities to permit individuals and
organizations to make informed judgments and decisions.
Balance Sheet:
A
financial
statement
containing
assets,
liabilities, and owner’s equity or capital at a particular data or at the end
of a particular period, to show the financial position of a organization.
Business:
An activity, enterprise or organization established to
provide goods and services at a profit, in order to satisfy human wants.
Business Decision:
Choices made on matters relating to the
allocation and/or use of business resources for making, buying, selling, or
supplying goods or services at a profit.
Decision-Making: A mental process by which an individual or group of
individuals gather data and make a choice between two or more
alternative courses action.
Financial Ratio: A proportion, fraction, or percentage expressing the
relationship between one item ion set of financial statements and another
item in the same financial statements.
AMUL
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18. Financial Statement: Quantitative information on the economic
activities of an organization prepared to show the result and the financial
position of the entity, often presented in terms of Balance Sheet, Income
Statement, Funds flow statement, and so on.
Income Statement:
A financial statement often referred to as the
trading and profit loss account, matching revenues against expense to
show the profitability or operational results of an enterprise over a period
of time, such as a month or year.
Ratio: A fractional relationship of one number (or time) to another
Ratio Analysis:
A
systematic
review
of
accounting
data
by
establishing relationships among various figures on the financial
statements which bring together the results of the activities a business.
Time Pressure:
Time allowed was not enough for through completion
of the research, in consideration of the fact the we were also facing other
academic studies during the semester.
AMUL
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19. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
One of the effective ways of communicating financial information
about a business is through financial statements. Thus, the recording and
summarizing of financial data are necessary part of accounting
information system.
However, no matter how well prepared and presented, financial
statements need to be analyzed and interpreted to unveil the truths hidden
in them and enhance decision-making. Interestingly, such analysis and
interpretation can be made by means of ratios and comparisons.
Therefore, in the this chapter, expert opinion on the role ratio
analysis in business decisions with particular reference to financial
statement analysis are reviewed
AMUL
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20. FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS
Financial statement analysis consist of applying analysis tools and
techniques to financial statements and other relevant data to show
important relationships and obtain useful information. Therefore,
financial statement analysis can be defined as the breaking down,
interpretation, and translation of data contained in financial statements to
provide information and show important relationships among the items of
financial statements and drawing conclusion about the past performance,
current financial position, and future potentials of a business.
AMUL
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21. PARTIES INTERESTED IN FINANCIAL STATEMENT
ANALYSIS
With particular reference to business organizations, parties
interested in financial statement analysis are divided into two categories,
namely: internal users and external users.
The internal users include management and employees of an
organization, while external include shareholders, investors, creditors,
debenture/bond holders, financial analysis, etc.
Management and Employees
Financial statement analysis helps management and employees to
know the operating results, financial position and future potentials of a
business.
Shareholders/Owners
The analysis helps shareholders or owners of a business to
ascertain the profitability of the operation of the business, as well as
return on their investments.
Investors and Creditors
Financial statement analysis helps investors to know the
profitability and return on investment in a business. In the other hand, it
helps trade creditors and note holders to know the liquidity or the ability
of a business to pay its debts when they fall due.
AMUL
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22. Debenture/bond holders
Those who lend money to the business would like to know the
ability of the business to repay on maturity both the interests and the
principal of the loans granted to it.
Financial analysis
Financial statement analysis enables financial analysis to offer
professional advice to their clients on investments.
AMUL
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23. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the methods and procedures used in
geothermic data that was analyzed in chapter four, necessary to
accomplish the purpose of this study. The research methodology is
vital part of the research report it is the background against which the
reader evaluates the findings and the contusions.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study is a surrey designed to find out the role of ratio analysis in
business decisions; it is descriptive and analytical in nature.
DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUE
The two main sources of data collection used in the study are the
primary and the secondary sources.
*
PRIMARY SOURCES
Primary sources of data collection are first hand information i.e.
information that was gathered by the researcher himself directly from the
respondents. In this regains, questionnaire and oral interviews were used
to collect the requisite data from the respondents the management staff
and non-management staff of the organization under study.
AMUL
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24. *
SECONDARY SOURCES
Secondary sources of data collection are information’s that were
obtained from published maternal such text books, journals, magazines,
newspapers, articles, and so on, which were considered necessary for the
purpose of this research. They were the major sources from which the
knowledge and opinions of experts in the subject from which the.
POPULATION
population is any theoretically specified aggregation of items,
elements or things with common characteristics or interest.
The population of the study is 27 members of the management and
staff of AMUL. it cores all the departments of sales and marketing, the
purchase and supply department, the administration and personnel
department and the finance and accounts department. All the is staff of
these departments are further grouped into two groups namely;
management staff and Non management staff.
The management staff comprises of administration and personnel
department, and the finance and accounts departments. While the Nonmanagement staff comprises of the sales and marketing department, and
purchasing and supply department.
AMUL
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25. INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION
Owing to the departments collared by this study, a questionnaire
was designed for data collection and analysis. Data was also collected
through relevant journals, oral interviews, textbooks, and literature from
authors.
QUESTIONNAIRES ADMINISTRATION
The questionnaires used for the study was made up of 10 questions.
It was mainly designed in such a way that alternative answers were
produced for the respondents.
Random method was used for the distribution of the questionnaires
to the respondents.
AMUL
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26. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
With particular reference to the organization under study as well as
the literature review, the research are summarize and discussed as
follows:
1.
Ration analysis facilitates proper understanding of information
continued in financial statements and aids business decisions. “financial
statements carry lots of financial statements become more useful when
they are related each other or to some other relevant financial data by
means of rations.”
2.
despite the obstacles to the proper use of financial ratios, there are
helpful suggestions on ways to enhance efficient use of ratio analysis in
decision-making.. Analysis have to be careful not to apply the techniques
blindly to any set of statements they come across, due to differences in
business and accounting methods.
Percentages and rations are guides to aid comparison and useful in
uncovering potential strengths and weaknesses. However, the financial
analysis should seek the basic causes behind and established trends”.
AMUL
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27. RECOMMENDATIONS
With reference to the findings of the study, the researcher
recommends the following:
1.
Users of financial statements need to have at least, a fair
knowledge of accounting so as to enable then understand and appreciate
accounting information.
2.
Prospective investors should properly analyze the financial
statements of companies before deciding to invest in the companies.
3.
Users of financial statement who are not knowledgeable enough to
analyze or understand the information contained in them should seek the
services of qualified financial analysts, accountants, stockbrokers,
bankers, etc.
4.
In view of the remarkable influence which accounting informations
have on the decisions of the users, it is pertinent that only qualified and
honest persons should and audit financial statements.
5.
Financial rations should be used with careful examination and
proper understanding of the meaning, implication and effect of the actual
figures shown in financial statements, in order to avoid making wrong
judgments, conclusions and decision.
AMUL
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28. CONCLUSION
Financial statements contain lots of information summarized in
figures. Viewed on the surface, they do not provide enough information
about the viability of the reporting entity. Thus, they need to be analyzed
by means of financial ratios to unravel the mass of truth hidden in them,
and to enhance decision-making.
Ratio analysis helps to reveal, compare and interpret salient
features of financial statements. When applied to a set of financial
statements, financial ratios highlight significant aspects of the financial
position and operational results of a business requiring further
investigation. They help to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a
business.
In fact, ratio analysis helps to evaluate the past performance, the
present condition, and the future prospects of a business. It enables us to
ask the right questions about a business, and paves way to finding the
useful answers. Such analysis therefore, aids planning, control,
forecasting and decision- making.
AMUL
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29. Executive summary
It is necessary to principal knowledge before doing any work
because of today’s competition world.
For the practical knowledge I have taken visit in KAIRA
DISTRICT CO OPERATIVE SOCIETY MILK PRODUCERS UNION
LIMITED , ANAND.
Mainly in the report the focus is on the financial department and
general information relating to the organization. Financial position of
amul dairy. The source of getting data was annual report .in this analysis I
have first given the company profile that gives all the information about
the company that what is the company status in the market right now.
And my topic is the financial statement analysis and then some
information was provided to me by them and guidance to properly
complete my works.
AMUL
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30. INTRODUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION
Name of Unit:
KAIRA DISTRICT CO-OPERATIVE MILK PRODUCER’S UNION
LTD. (AMUL).
Anand-388001
Gujarat,
India.
Location :
Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers' Union Ltd
Amul Dairy Road
Anand. – 388 001.
Phone:
+91 – 02692 – 256124
+91 – 02692 – 256225
Nature of the company:
By nature the company is registered as “Co-Operative Union Ltd.”
Sector and under a “Co-Operative” Societies act,14th December 1946.
PROMOTERS: Shri Tribubvandas K. Patel
Shri Sardar Vallabhhbai Patel
Shri Morarjibhai Desai
Dr Vargnese Kurian
Dr H.M. DalayaOffice
TIME:-
10:00 am to 06:00 pm
Slogan/Punch line:
“THE TASTE OF INDIA”
Website:
www.amul.com
www.amuldairy.org
AMUL
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31. The Jingle:
Utterly, butterly delicious……..AMUL
Name of the company:
KAIRA DISTRICT CO-OPERATIVE MILK
PRODUCER’S UNIONLTD. (AMUL)
Chairman of company:
Dr. Verghese Kurien
Chief financial officer:
Rakesh Shukla
Meaning:
The relationship between two related items of financial statement is
known as Ratio. It’s mathematical yardsticks that measures the
relationship between two figures.
Ratio analysis is a process of comparison of one figure against
another and the interpretation of the ratios to know the strengths and
weakness of the firms operations and of its financial positions.
BANKERS OF AMUL
(1) Kaira district Central Co-operative Bank Limited
(2)
State Bank of India
( 3 )
B a n k o f B a r o d a
(4)
Bank of Maharashtra
(5)
HDFC Bank Limited
(6)
Corporation Bank
( 7 )
A x i s B a n k
LOGO OF THE AMUL
AMUL
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32. Logo of AMUL is a ring of four hands, which are cocoordinated each o t h e r .
The actual meaning of this symbol is co-ordination
o f h a n d o f different people by whom this union is now at top.
FIRST HAND: Is for farmers (producers), without whom the
organization would not be existed. Farmers are the inspiration
of the AMUL-taste of India.
SECOND HAND: Is for the representatives of processors by whom the
raw milk processed in to different finished products.
THIRD HAND: Is for marketers without whom the products
would not been able to reach to the customers.
FOURTH HAND: Is for customers without whom the organization
could not carry on because they are the people who consume the
products.
ORGANIZATION BRIEF HISTORY
AMUL
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33. A Former is Kaira district as elsewhere in India, deprived his
income almost entirely farm seasonal crops. The income from milk was
poultry and could not been depended upon. The main buyers were milk
traders of Polson Ltd. privately owned company that enjoyed monopoly
for supply of milk from Kaira to the Govt. Milk Scheme Bombay.
Farmer of Kaira district were thus at the Marcy of milk traders
with dictated the process they had nowhere to turn to this unfair system
spread widespread discontent . The farmers appeal to Shri Sardar Patel
great leader of India’s freedom movement for help Shri Sardar Patel
advised them to market the milk through a co-operative of their own. He
sent his trusted deputy Shri Morarji Desai to organise the farmers at a
meeting held Samarkha Village on January 4,1946, it was resolved that
milk co-operative society would be organised in each village of Kaira
district to collect milk from the producers and federation in to a district
union. The govt. should be asked to buy milk from the union.
When the govt. turned down the demand Kaira farmers
organised a milk strike from 15 days not a single drop of milk was sold to
the traders. The Bombay milk scheme was badly visited Anand assessed
the situated and decided to concede to the farmer’s demand.
AMUL
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34. Thus, The Kaira district co-operative milk producers union
Ltd. And came into existence. It was formally registered n December
14,1946 in the beginning there were only few farmers supplying about
250 litres. of milk in a day. Soon the no. increased and the Bombay milk
scheme hence the customers were forces to sell the surplus milk to traders
at very few.
A plant to manufacture balanced cattle feed donated by one
foam was formally commissioned on October 31,1934 by Shri Lal
Bahadur Shastri the P.M of India. The dairy was declare open by Shri
Morarji Desai in April 1965. In 1974 the Kaira Union set up a plant to
manufacture high protein weaning food, chocolates and melted foods at
Mogar about 8 k.m. south of Anad.
MISSION OF AMUL
1. The main mission of Amul is to help farmers. Farmers were the
foundation stone of Amul The system is work only for farmers and for
consumers not for profit.
2. The main aim of Amul is to provide quality product to the consumers
at minimum cost.
3. The goal of Amul is to provide maximum profit in term of money to
the farmers.
AMUL
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35. VISION OF AMUL
1. Vision of Amul was to provide and vanish the problems of farmers of
their livelihood.
2. AMUL’s apparition was to run the organization with the co-operative
of four hands which are the farmers, the representative, the marketers, the
customers.
Future Plans
1.
Expansion distribution network, Creative, Marketing, Consumer,
Education and Product innovations, we will Leverage effective on
raising income level and growing affluences among Indian consumers.
. 2. Tapping the rising demand for new value added products.
AMUL
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36. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Amul is a biggest dairy in the Asia he is taken a steps innovative to
go ahead more and more. Amul dairy’s main work is to producing a milk
product in his work he is taken a step. He is organizing a wide and
innovative organization structure. Amul dairy’s employ are creative and
qualified to improve working condition and productivity and efficiency.
In his above organizational structure can be divided upon top level
executive to middle level executive. It is structure made by top to bottom
level authority can be divided by same power. It is empowering to taken a
decision by authority level .in his structure divided to 17 officers on same
post but given to a different authority and responsibility to a person. In
his structure called vertical organization structure and decision taken by
his formal type its decision is mutually exclusive decision can be made.
In organizational structure taken a decision are a accurate and
efficient he is taken decision based on cycle board of director to workers
AMUL
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37. and he is top level to bottom level of position can be work on level of
position of a employs and he is accurately. All decision taken by can be
approved higher authority and decision can be apply.
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
B.O.D

Chairman

Vice Chairman

Managing Director

General Manager (Dairy Plant & Technology)

Assistant General Manager

Manager

Deputy Manager

Assistant Manager

AMUL
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38. Superintendent

Deputy Superintendent

Senior Officer

Assistant

Junior Assistant

Workers
NATURE
The name Amul itself indicates that it is a co-operative
union. There are various types of co-operative society which are
as under:
(1) Producers or manufactures co-operative society
(2) Consumer co operative society
(3) Housing co-operative society
(4) co-operative farming
(5) co-operative credit
solvency this firm is the firm of association in which
person combine together to form a society for the purpose
of manufacturing
Goods.
Although it is democratic management of industrial production.
This is useful where large capital is neither necessary nor much technical
and expert knowledge of the management is needed. In India some of the
Sugar mill and ginning mills are running under this formation. Dairies
are also adopting co-operating format. Amul is the producers' cooperative society.
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39. COMPETITORS
Competitors are the person who produce and sales the
same product
as produced by the unit. Competitors affect the business with several cau
ses. The main rivals of AMUL are as following
Rich Milk
Sardar milk
Nestle
Britannia
Cheese of Le-Beon
Gowardhan






PLANTS LOCATION
In amul dairy mainly four plant in Gujarat first in anand second
khatraj plant third Mogar plant and fourth kanjary plant. In four plant
main handling can be handle by amul anand.
1. Anand plant:
In anand amul can producing cheese, butter and milk
powder. In his plant all four plants handling can be made here. He is big
plant from amul dairy
2. Khatraj plant:
In amul khatraj plant called satellite dairy and this plant can
be producing amul cheese and paneer
3. Mogar plant:
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40. In amul third plant is called bal plant this amul plant
producing amul chocolate, pro powder,backery product,paneer.
4. Kanjary plant:
In amul fourth plant is called amul dan and this plant
producing a amul dan.
In Amul dairy mainly launches a new product is based on new
innovative idea can be created by to mutually agreed to what to do and
made by him. In new product development to idea screening, idea
generation, product development it is just like necessary to implement
and recovered a new product development manly.
GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD OF FACILITIES
The employees are prime assets of any Union AMUL DAIRY is
greatest assets is its resources of skilled and talented human resources. To
improve efficiency and effectively of employees the addition facility
provided to employees so they can do work with efficiency and zeal.
AMUL DAIRY is one of the largest and popular unions for
providing more facility to employees facility provided by AMUL DAIRY
are follow:
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41. 1. Uniform: amul providing a employs to a uniform to wearing during a
working hours and providing a safety shoes and cap for safety purposes.
2. Medical facility: AMUL providing a medical facility to a employs and
his family. Amul providing medical facility to farmers
3. Quarter facility: amul providing a quarter facility to a employs for
resident purposes.
4. Leave facility: amul providing a leave facility toa employ to spend a
time for family and his child and others like C.L, P.L
5. Canteen facility: AMUL providing a canteen facility to a employ and
his training student like employs Rs 7 and training student Rs 10
6. Accident benefit scheme: amul providing to a employ accident benefit
scheme to injury during accident like accident insurance
7. Guest house facility: amul providing a guest house facility to a main
visited guest for reputation purposes.
8. Loan facility: amul providing a loan facility to a employ for personal
reason like student education and purchasing asset.
FUNCTIONAL AREAS
MARKETS AND MARKETING FUNCTION
Marketing department plays an imp. role in business for
accomplishment of certain goals the product which are produced in the
company how they are distributed to market. This is central function if
organization can not running business successfully without a proper mkt.
department. Today world is very competitive world.
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42. According to knot market is not a main particular in which
things are bought and sold but whole of any reasons which buyers and
sellers are in such type in to cost with work one another that the price of
the same goods tends to equality is easily & quickly. Marketing is a link
between the producers & ultimate consumers.
Convert moving the products & services to find
consumers & users & satisfy such needs & wants of specific consumers
segment with the emphasis of probability ensuring the optimum uses of
the services available to the organisation.4
Sales Promotions
Sales promotion is one type of interact port of the marketing.
In takes place as a very important food in the competition present age is
an age of competition. We can see competition in call market.
The American marketing association defined sales promotion as
sales promotion consist of these activates that are design to bring a
company’s goods & services to the favorable attention of customers.
The AMUL DAIRY is producing a wide range of products. Its
product have been popular in the customer’s mind. All the products of the
dairy are sold by GUJARAT CO-OPERATIVE MILK MARKETING
FEDERATION, ANAND.
Distribution Channel
Its play a very important role in advertising the market
objective of the company. The time & place utilities of product as
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43. services in great by distribution channel. As a main element of marketing
mix. Its functions are to find out appropriate any through which goods are
to find out appropriate any through which goods are to be made available
to the market.
Distribution channel are as follows:
1. Channels without middleman – Direct sales
2. Channel with one middleman – through agents and retailers
3. Channel with two middleman – through wholesaler and retailers
4. Channel with three middleman – through wholesale
There are 37 branches of the federation in all over country and distribute
its product through them.
Advertising
There are two type of advertising
1. Intermiative advertising
2. Money qualities’ advertising
An intermative advertisement is generally needed a
new product. Introduce in the market such advertisement are as aim at
informally the potential customers about the product, its qualities money
qualities’ advertisement is aimed to create psychological performance in
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44. devour of the product being advertise. In both all case advertisement is
basically on instrument to create demand for the product “AMUL
DAIRY” is closely associated with the Gujarat co operative milk
marketing federation, Anand. So all marketing are done through the
above federation. So the marketing department of this dairy does not pay
any special action for this activities.
PRODUCTION/OPERATION FUNCTION
How to produce the things? How to decrease the cost of things?
How to decrease the cost of production? Means Manufacture. This matter
are important from this point we say that manufacturing process is very
important part in production process. Production is a part of the business
activities. Any business concerned with the creation of the product
require to satisfy consumers wants.
AMUL DAIRY’S production is increase by day to day. Amongst the
milk product is 32.45 cr. k.g. of powder made
milk powder, amulya, whole milk powder respectively. Moreover 11045
M.T. butter, 1250 M.T. ghee produced during this year.
Raw milk receiving on the dock
It is big open area dock where produced raw milk from the
various societies is being received by the way of tankers and cans. The
cans are emptied in the milk tanks by the way of best system and
therefore the cans are washed in the automatic washer machine. The
average no. of cans washed per minutes are 5 to 6. Before dis filling the
cans one taken and sent to the laboratory where they are graded in the
terms of fate and SNF. Once the milk is collected in the tank the next
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45. process will start to separate fate and SNF from the milk each will be
stored separately in tanks. So this process is continues.
Refrigeration plant
This plant is very good plant in this plant. Water is kept at 0
temp. and it is to keep butter and milk in cold storage. This plant is a
capacity of 400 N.T.
For storage there are 12 tanks in this plant. After passing
the milk and through pasteurised cream and milk storage tank. It is
spending to be stainless still and inflated tank for storage. This plants
capacity is 15000 liters each tank for storage.
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46. Milk product section
The first department is of milk product section. The milk is the
nutritive food. It means conversion of raw milk in to packing raw of the
village. After collection raw milk it is sent in to driller this chiller makes
cold than it is pured in to storage, after that it passes tanks to pesturide. In
pasteurized milk is hold. Slowly up to high temperature. Milk is heated to
destroy bactaria in raw milk than it is chilled up to 5 second. This milk
sent in to and it can be presented, than it is packed in to pouches after
than 500 ml milk packing is done.
Butter production section – 1
In this plant butter is made when pasteurised milk is at 50. It is
send to cream separator in cream. This cream is sent to cream pasteurised.
This cream butter is extracted and all this collected butter. They are
making two kinds of butter white butter and table butter.
Butter production section – 2
In this second butter section yellow butter is made by butter
charges from pesturised cream. Its capacity is 12 M.T. per day. It is a
used as table butter.
Butter packing section
When the butter is made then all the butter goes to butter
packing section. There the packet at weighted 100 g.m. and 500 g.m.
packed by machine and the capacity of this plant to packing butter is 200
M.T per day.
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47. Other product
Milk is fundamental products of this co operative society.
They are making types of milk powder whole and skimmed.
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48. SUPPLY CHAIN AND LOGISTICS
AMUL’s network are strongly driven by the objective of
establishing and operating an efficient supply chain from milk production
and procurement to product delivery to customers. Management of this
network is built around two key elements – (a) coordination of the diverse
elements of the network and (b) use of appropriate technology that
includes product, process and information technology and managerial
practices and systems. In what follows, we describe various features of
these elements that have contributed to the evolution of an efficient
supply chain.
Coordination for Competitiveness
Robust coordination is one of the key reasons for the success of
operations involving such an extensive network of producers and
distributors at GCMMF. Some interesting mechanisms exist for
coordinating the supply chain at GCMMF. These range from ensuring
fair share allocation of benefits to various stakeholders in the chain to
coordinated planning of production and distribution. More importantly,
the reason for setting up of this cooperative is not amiss to any one in
this large network organization. Employees, third part service providers,
and distributors are constantly reminded that they work for the farmers
and the entire network strives to provide the best returns to the farmers,
the real owners of the cooperative. It may be remembered that
coordination mechanisms have to link the lives and activities of 2.12
million small suppliers and 0.5 million retailers!
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49. There appear to be two critical mechanisms of coordination that
ensure that decision making is coherent and that the farmers gain the
most from this effort. These mechanisms are:
• Inter-locking Control
• Coordination Agency: Unique Role of Federation
Inter-locking Control
Each Village Society elects a chairperson and a secretary from
amongst its member farmers of good standing to manage the
administration of the VS. Nine of these chairpersons (from amongst
those VS affiliated to a Union) are elected to form the Board of Directors
of the Union. The Chairperson of the Union Board is elected from
amongst these members. The managing director of the Union,
who is a professional manager, reports to the chairperson and the board.
All chairpersons of all the Unions form the Board of Directors of
GCMMF. The managing director of GCMMF reports to its Board of
Directors. Each individual organization, the Union or GCMMF, is run by
professional managers and highly trained staff. It must be pointed that all
members of all the boards in the chain are farmers who pour milk each
day in their respective Village Societies.
A key reason for developing such an inter-locking control
mechanism is to ensure that the interest of the farmer is always kept at the
top of the agenda through its representatives who constitute the Boards of
different entities that comprise the supply chain. This form of direct
representation also ensures that professional managers and farmers work
together as a team to strengthen the cooperative 25. This helps in
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50. coordinating decisions across different entities as well as speeding both
the flow of information to the respective constituents and decisions.
Coordination Agency: Unique Role of the Federation
In addition to being the marketing and distribution arm of the
Unions, GCMMF plays the role of a coordinator to the entire network
within the State – coordinating procurement requirements with other
Federations (in other states), determining the best production
allocation for its product mix from amongst its Unions, managing interdairy movements, etc. It works with two very clear objectives: to ensure
that all milk that the farmers produce gets sold in the market either as
milk or as value added products and to ensure that milk is made available
to an increasingly large sections of the society at affordable prices. In
addition, it has to plan its production at different Unions in such a way
that market requirement matches with unique strengths of each Union and
that each of them also gets a fair return on its capacity. In this regard,
GCMMF follows an interesting strategy. GCMMF, in consultation with
all the Unions, decides on the product mix at each Union location. Some
considerations that govern this choice are the strengths of each Union, the
demand for various products in its region as well as the country, long
term strategy of each Union, procurement volumes at different Unions,
distribution costs from various locations etc.
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51. Technology for Effectiveness
Service to customers required the following: better and newer
“products”, “processes” that would deliver the low cost advantage to the
network and “practices” that would ensure high productivity and delivery
of the right product at the right time. Thus technology or knowledge that
was embodied in products, processes, and practices became an important
factor in delivering effectiveness to the network of cooperatives. One
distinguishing feature of AMUL (in comparison with other similar
cooperatives globally) is the large variety in their product mix. Producing
them not only requires diverse skills but also knowledge of different
types of processes. AMUL dairy led the way in developing many of these
products and establishing the processes for other member Unions.
Equally impressive are the achievements on process technology.
While several continuous innovations to equipment and processes have
been done at AMUL, the most significant one has been the development
of processes for using buffalo milk to produce a variety of end products.
Gujarat (and most of India) is a buffalo predominant area. As more
farmers joined the cooperatives, the need to develop a mechanism for
storage of increasing quantities of milk became intense. Moreover, the
cooperative was established on the promise that it would buy any quantity
of milk that a member farmer wanted to sell. The need to store milk in
powder form increases as excess milk quantities in winter seasons could
then be used in lean summer seasons. Moreover, demand for liquid milk
was not growing along with growth in milk production. No technology,
however, existed worldwide to produce powder from buffalo milk.
Engineers at AMUL successfully developed a commercially viable
process for the same – first time in the history of global diary industry.
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52. Subsequently, it also developed a process for making baby food out of
this milk powder. It has also developed a unique process for making good
quality cheese out of buffalo milk thereby converting a perceived
liability into a source of comparative advantage – the task was done
through process technology research. Most of its plants are state of art
and automated. Similar efforts in the area of “embryo transfer
technology” have helped create a high yield breed of cattle in the country.
AMUL’s innovations in the areas of energy conservation and recovery
have also contributed to reduction in cost of its operations. AMUL also
indigenously developed a low cost process for providing long shelf life to
many of its perishable products.
TQM at the grassroots has been a strong movement to
develop leadership, operational and strategic capabilities in the entire
network – farmers, village cooperatives, dairy plants, distributors and
wholesalers and retailers. Key elements of this TQM movement have
been:
• Friday Departmental Meetings: Each Friday, at a prescribed time, every
one in the network (from the farmers to the carry & forwarding agents)
joins their respective departmental meeting to discuss quality initiatives
and share policy related information.
• Training for Transformational Leadership so that individuals are able to
control their thoughts, feelings and behavior and take more responsibility
in one’s life and surrounding environment.
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53. • Application of Hoshin Kanri principles to bring about a bottom-up
setting of objectives – aligning policies for effective management of
Unions & village societies on hand with those of channel member on the
other hand. ISO/HACCP certification was obtained for all the Unions and
each village society is in the process of obtaining the same.
• Training for farmers and their families emphasizing the need for good
health care for not only cattle during its pregnancy and feeding but also
for expecting and feeding mothers and the whole family. This effort has
brought about a significant social change towards such issues in villages
that have cooperative milk societies.
• Retail Census: GCMMF undertakes a census of all retail outlets (over
500,000) to evaluate customer perceptions and distribution efficacy of
their network. Interestingly, this is being done by wholesalers in their
respective territories at their own cost. This information is used for policy
deployment exercise.
The extent of IT usage includes a B2C ordering portal, an ERP
based supply chain planning system for the flow of material in the
network, a net based dairy kiosk at some village societies (for
dissemination of dairy related information), automated milk collection
stations at village societies and a GIS based data network connecting
villages societies to markets. Milk collection information at more than
10,000 villages is available to all dairies (or Unions) to enable them make
faster decisions in terms of production & distribution planning, and
disease control in more than 6,700,000 animals. Similarly, this is linked
with information at all 45 distribution offices and 3900 distributors. This
network is being extended to cover all related field offices in the network.
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54. The GCMMF cyber store delivers AMUL products at the doorsteps
of the consumers in 125 cities across the country. What is remarkable
about the above is implementation of very contemporary practices in rural
areas where both education and infrastructure are generally low. One of
the key sources of competitive advantage has been the ability of the
cooperative to continuously implement good practices across all elements
of the network – the federation, unions, village societies and the
distribution channel. Whether it is implementation of small group
activities or quality circles at the
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55. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FUNCTION
Human Resource Department are essential part of today.In
all work related to company can be maintained by H.R.D. In Human
Resource mainly recruitment, selection, and performance appraisal are
component of HR.
In HR department Sr. officer has to see that all the sub
department order him function
properly. He has to take reports from
them times he has to see that all the department in the organization work
smoothly and co-ordinately. It is his duty to ensure the good relation
between the organisation and its employees. In this chart we show that all
the persons have authorised and responsibility to his post and
qualification.
FUNCTION OF HRD
Some information related to the persons department of
AMUL DAIRY are as under:
1. Recruitment and Selection
2. transfer
3. job description
4. salary
5. promotion
6. training
7. demotion
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56. RECRUITMENT
The recruitment process is mainly connected with over all man
power system. This definition shows the importance of the recruitment
policy of the unit. Recruitment is very important function even for the
establishment of the business. Recruitment is the positive process of
employment. In AMUL DAIRY it has adopted both the sources of
recruitment if any section of department has surplus of employee then the
using internal sources if recruitment.
Sources of Recruitment:
1. Internal
2. 2. External
SELECTIONS
Selection is the process where the mgt. decides certain
terms and conditions to adhere to standards on the basis of which
discrimination between qualified and unqualified candidates can be
made. A sound selection policy will ensure the selection of the
suitable candidate selection is the process.
Selection process:
1. Application
2. Interviews
3. Physical examination
4. Final selection
5. Placement
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57. SALARY/ WAGES
In AMUL DAIRY Wage and Salary of the employee are
determined according to rules and regulation of Govt and payment of
salary is Made on Monthly basis payment of every Month. Also for the
extra Work they are paying certain type of allowances. Such as leave,
travelling, Medical, house Rent allowances. In AMUL DAREY Salaries
are paid according to the Motivate Job and Bonus. So AMUL DAIRY
Total Salary paid in 2011-12 is 25,18,81,000 Salary and Wages.
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Industrial visit has reached a stage of development
where it can not be challenged. Training is one of the effective instrument
which help reduce wastages of resources improve quality of the product
and lessor possibility of accident in the company. In AMUL DAIRY
there is no separate department for training mostly them adopting on the
job training method.
DEVELOPMENTS
The executive development planned systematic and
continuous process of learning and growth designed to induce
behavioural change in individuals by cultivating their method abilities
and interests qualifies through the acquisition understanding and use of
new knowledge in sight and skill as they are needed for are effective
performance.
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58. FINANCE FUNCTION
Finance is a prime factor in all economic activities. It is the life of
blood. One may not think progress & property without finance it is not to
impossible to margin that may carry on without sufficient financial help
finance means proper source, proper requirement , proper interest and
proper time. Thus, for effective mgt. there must be a sound finance
department.
This is know that finance is an essential part of every industrial
unit and without finance to run the business is not possible. So the
powerful financial department must be in the unit which may regulate the
financial of the unit, which may project accounts, profit & loss, balance
sheet, journal etc. At the end of the year and so as per my report is
concern “ AMUL DAIRY” has a effective and efficient finance
department. Some information about “ AMUL DAIRY’S” . Finance
department may be given as below:
OBJECTIVES:
The main objectives of finance department are as under:
1. To develop long term corporate plan to provide adequate growth
activity of the corporation.
2. To ensure maximum economy
3. Continue the make and afford in decline a cost of production
4. To generate sufficient internal resources
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59. LONG TERM & SHORT TERM FINANCIAL MGT
1. Share Value
In ‘AMUL DAIRY’ all share are can be given to the farmers
and milk producers. It is a Real share holder of AMUL neither other
persons can be owner of share.
In Debenture are long term fund can be issued by AMUL. In his
debenture interest rate and present rate can be make by him in present
rate is 8.5%.
AMUL DAIRY are taken a Bank loan for investment in a company.
Mainly AMUL DAIRY taken a loan from the Kaira district central co
operative bank ltd. In his loan base rate can be cut by bank. It is declared
by RBI.
In AMUL are can be invested in fixed deposits like
deposits due to societies etc. around 80 crores.
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60. WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
1. Operating Cycle
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61. Sources of Working Capital
1. Gross working capital
2. Net working capital
AMUL DAIRY are a financial company. In a many Accounting
policy AMUL are used a Mercantile Accounting Policy for daily maintain
accounts.
Budgetary control system
In budget mainly two types :
1. Revenue budget
In revenue budget mainly company’s daily expenses and incomes can
be included e.g. employees salary, stationary etc.
2. Capital budget
In capital budget mainly expenses are created capital. For e.g.
milk transportation
Three tires process
AMUL can be adopted three types of process:
1. Milk producer/ farmer
2. Village co operative society
3. AMUL
In AMUL can be adopted a monthly and yearly budget period.
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62. DECISION MAKING
4.1 DECISION MAKING AT AMUL
The above table explains about the decision making of Amul.
chairman and board of directors take decisions at Amul's General meeting.
Managing directors, chairman, vice-chairman, board of directors takes all
good and bad decisions about the firms production, transportation,
warehousing, sales etc...Middle management like deputy manager, Assistant
manager, superidentant, deputy superidentant, senior officer take decisions
at their limit and all decisions passed on top management and take decisions.
lower level management like assistant, junior assistant and A to G grade
employees take small decisions like machine ,food, conflict between
employees complaint to the top and middle management and solve the
problem every month there will be one meeting or paternal meeting
.Decisions at Amul are taken formally.
In this above authority are work under step by step order to
fulfilling power and position of a company on top to bottom level complete
line to line order wise. Chart of decision making of AMUL DAIRY is put in
annexure.
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63. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(5.1) COSTING OF PRODUCT
( Amt. in Lacs )
PARTICULARS
Opening Stock of raw material
Add : Milk Purchase
Add: Raw Material Purchase including direct expense
Add: Oil Purchases
Less: Closing Stock of raw material
DIRECT MATERIALS CINSUMED
Add: Direct Labour/ wages
Add: Other direct expense
PRIME COST
Factory overhead/work overhead
Add: Research and Extension expense
Add: Processing Expenses
Add: Packaging Expenses
Add: Power and fuel Expenses (60% )
Add: Salaries and wages (60%)
Add: Staff PF gratuity & other amenities (60%)
Add: Repair and Maintenance expenses (60%)
Add: Insurance Premium (60%)
Add: Rent, Rates, And Taxes (60%)
Add: Total Deprecation (60%)
Add: Opening stock of WIP
Less : Closing stock of WIP
FACTORY COST
Administration overheads / expense
Add: Audit fee
Add: Administrative expenses
Add :Postage, Telegram, Telephone, printing, and
2009-10
415.92
111402.36
26967.26
0
-527.77
138257.77
2010-11
527.77
144763.65
28151.9
1123.63
-289.37
174277.58
2011-12
289.37
159452.14
57527.08
0
-74.21
217194.38
2012-13
116.22
201445.06
54312.9
0
-234.09
201327.19
0
0
138257.77
0
0
174277.58
0
0
217194.38
0
0
255640.09
1423.57
2912.69
10946.73
2942.51
1183.73
779.72
819.67
27.77
80.08
672.85
2539.55
-3709.66
158876.98
744.39
3623.2
12935.08
3431.49
1591.16
485.15
946.21
30.44
77.51
968.78
3709.92
-2618.92
200201.73
761.18
3260.62
13813.88
4340.24
1511.29
640.96
1284.07
60.24
101.03
1135.03
2618.92
-4500.8
242221.04
504.78
6827.76
17609.40
5913.83
1672.8
530.88
1323.17
74.86
329.37
1355.72
4500.80
-8472.66
287810.8
162.65
255.16
59.39
178.67
355.79
64.93
201.19
266.85
106.24
198.35
484.49
92.85
Stationary exp.
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64. Add: Power and fuel Expenses (40% )
Add: Salaries and wages (40%)
Add: Staff PF gratuity & other amenities (40%)
Add: Repair and Maintenance expenses (40%)
Add: Insurance Premium (40%)
Add: Rent, Rates, And Taxes (40%)
Add: Total Deprecation (40%)
1961.67
789.15
519.82
546.44
18.52
53.39
448.56
2287.66
1060.78
323.43
630.8
20.29
51.68
645.85
2893.49
1007.52
427.31
856.05
40.16
67.35
756.69
3942.55
1115.2
353.92
882.11
49.91
219.58
903.82
COST OF PRODUCTION / OFFICE COST :
Add: Opening stock of Finished Goods:
Finished Goods stock
Stock in Transit
Parlour Stock
Less: Closing stock of Finnish Good :
Finished goods stock
Stock in Transit
Parlour stock
163691.73
205821.61
248843.89
12583.97
791.41
3.65
11121.03
0
3.94
9356.68
134.9
4.45
15348.12
33.43
8.58
-11121.03
0
-3.94
-9356.68
-134.9
-4.45
-15348.12
-33.43
-8.58
-28086.05
-210.57
-6.32
COST OF PRODUCTION OF GOODS SOLD:
165945.79
207450.55
242949.79
283140.77
Selling and Distribution expenses:
Add: Freight and Forwarding expenses
Add: Marketing expenses
COST OF PRODUCTION
1807.78
136.06
1677889.63
1839.47
149.36
209439.38
818.34
106.45
243874.58
1016.89
119.22
284276.88
Add: PROFIT as per costing
1049.1
1203.03
2760.12
SALES
168938.73
210642.68
246634.7
296053.58
In above are costing of a product is important part of studing a
costing of a main product it is specifically note a all expenditure of company
and all income of a company separately to basically. It is a one type of task
to denoted from individually. In this costing profit of a company and sales of
company can be calculated separately.
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722.12
284999

65. .
In year 2011-12 total profit of a company is 2760.12 and total
sales of a company are 246634.7. In comparison to other year 2011-12 total
sales and profit is high compared to other year. In his position company are
profitable. It is a good situation of a company. Amul dairy’s marketing
expense total is 243874.58
COMPERATIVE ANALYSIS
The most important task of a financial manager is
t o i n t e r p r e t . T h e financial information in such a manner, that it
can be well understood by the people, who are not well versed in
financial information figures. The technique, by which it is to be calculated,
is known as ‘Ratio Analysis’.
AMUL
Page 65

66. 1) Percentage
2) Rate
3) Proportion
Ratio Analysis is an important technique of financial analysis. It
depicts the efficiency or shortfall of the organization in the form of trend
Analysis.
Different ratio appeal to different people managements, having the
task of running business efficiency, will interest in all ratios.
A Supplier of goods on credit will be partially interested in
liquidity ratios, which indicate the ability of the business to pay its bills.
Existing and future share holders will indicate the ability of
business to purchase.
Existing and future share holders will interest in investment ratios,
which indicate the level of return that can be expected on an investment in
business.
Major customers, intent on having a continuing source of supply, will
be interested in the financial stability, as reveled by the capital structure,
liquidity and profitability ratios.
Debenture and loan stock holders will be interested in
A b i l i t y o f a business will be interested in the ability of a business to pay
interest, and ultimately to repay capital.
A banker, giving only short term loans, will be
i n t e r e s t e d m a i n l y i n t h e liquidity of the business, and its ability
to repay those loans.
STEPS IN RATIO ANALYSIS
 Collection of information, which are relevant from the fin
ancial statements and then to calculate different ratios accordingly.

AMUL
Page 66

67.  Comparison of computed ratios of the same organization or
with the industry ratios.

 Interpretation, drawing of the inference and report-writing.
RATIO ANALYSIS
Ratio analyses are a powerful tool of financial analysis. A
ratio is defined as “the indicated quotient of two mathematical
expressions” and as “the relationship between two or more things”. In
financial analysis a ratio is used as a benchmark for evaluating the
financial position and performance of a firm.
The relationship between two accounting figures
expressed mathematically, is known as a financial ratio.
RATIO SUMMARY
P a r t i c u l a r 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012
GrossProfit
G.P.
=""""""""×100
AMUL
10.80%
8 . 9 1 % 8 . 6 3 % 7 . 4 0 % 10.96%
2012-13
7.84% 7.73%
Page 67

68. Net Sale
N e t P r o f i t
N.P.
""""""""×100
Net Sale
0 . 5 0 % 0.42% 0.42% 0 . 4 4 % 0.48% 0.43% 0.25%
Current Ratio
C.A.
= """"""""
C.L.
1 . 7 4 : 1 2.14:1
1.66:1 1 . 3 9 : 1 1.11:1 1.19:1
1.24:1
Liquid Ratio=
Liquid Asset
""""""""""""""
Liquid Liabil.
Operating Ratio =
COGS+Op.Exp
"""""""""""""""×100
Net Sale
Acid Test Ratio
Quick Asset
=""""""""""""""""
Quick Liability
Properitor Ratio
Sh. holder Fund
= """""'"'""'"''''''"'"
Total Assets
Debt. Equity Ratio
Debt.( Long)
= """""""'"''
Equity
Return on Capital Employed =
EBIT
=""""""""""""""x 100
Capital Employed
0 . 9 5 : 1 0.98:1
0.55:1 0 . 7 6 : 1 0.80:1 0.72:1
0.73:1
99.15%
1 . 1 9 : 1 1.49:1
99.86% 100.05%
1.37:1 1 . 3 9 : 1 1.04:1 0.95:1
1.53:1
1 . 7 4 1 . 2 7 1 . 2 5 0 . 8 3 0 . 8 7 0 . 7 1 0 . 6 4
0 . 0 8 0 . 2 6 0 . 1 6 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 8 0 . 2 5 0 . 6 8
2 . 5 6 % 2.86% 4.02% 4 . 9 8 % 5.90% 7.52% 6
Interest Coverage
Ratio
EBIT
= """'"'"'"'"""
Interest
Fixed Asset T.over
AMUL
9 2 % 1 0 0 % 1 0 1 % 105.5%
1 . 6 0 1.57
1.61:1
1 . 7 9 1.73:1
2.42:1
1.34:1
1 5 . 2 0 17.51 19.9 2 12.03 13.84 15.58 14.38
Page 68
%

69. Ratio
Sales
= """'"'"""'""'"
Fixed Assets
CapitalT.over Ratio
Sales
= "'"'"''"'''"""''""""""
Capital Employed
Stock T.over Ratio
COGS
= ""'""''''''""'
Avg. Stock
Expense Ratio =
Admin. Exp.
"""""""''""""''" × 100
Net Sale
Debtors Ratio =
Debtor+B/R
"""'"'"'''''"'''""'× 365
Credit Sale
Creditor Ratio=
Creditor+B/p
""''"""'''""""'''"'×365
Credit Purchase
Avg. Coll.Period =
No.of Working day
"''""'"""""''""''"''""''"'
DTR
Leverage Ratio=
Long Term Liablity
"""''""'''""''""''""''"'""
Stockholder Equity
1 . 8 4 2.40
3.06 3.75 4.60 5.30 6.04
9 . 7 5 9.56
8 . 4 1 10.49 13.55 1
4 9.27
0.16% 0.16% 0.15% 0.15% 0.17% 0.11% 0.17%
29 days
30 days
13 days 23 days
4 days
15 days
3 days 2 days
1 days 23 days
4 days
5 days 4 days
13 days
28 days 16 days
96 days
25 days
12 days
0 . 0 8 0.25
21 days
107days
0 . 1 6 0 . 2 4 0.078 0 . 2 3 0 . 6 8
GrossProfit
AMUL
Page 69

70. INTERPRETATION:
A Gross profit is not good for the management. Here the gross profit
ratio of the year 2012-13 is 7.73%, is show the low profit margin of the
company, but in the year of 2011-12 it become 7.84% which show better
condition of the company in comparison with previous year 2007,2008.
Net Profit
AMUL
Page 70

71. INTERPRETATION:
In AMUL DAIRY net profit of a company higher in 2006-07 and
lower in year 2012- 2013. This condition year 2011-12 net profit is high
compared to 2012-13 so denote that profitability can be decrease.
Current Ratio
AMUL
Page 71

72. INTERPRITATION:
The current ratio measure the form's short term, it indicated the
availability of current assets in rupees for current liability. This ratio is
generally 2:1 it show the satisfactory position of the business or company.
Here in year 2012 it was 1.22:1 and in the year 2010 it was 1.39:1 and in
the year it was 1.65:1 it show that the company is not in good condition.
Liquid Ratio
AMUL
Page 72

73. INTERPRETATION:
This ratio indicated the company liquidity position. The liquid ratio is
helpful to show the amount of the cash available to meet immediate
payment. Amul's liquid ratio is in compare of other year is very high in
2007-2008 around 0.98 after that the suddenly the ratio was decrease in
2008-2009. but after the company was going so good in upcoming next year
now in 2011-2012, 2012-2013 Liquid ratio of the company is 0.72, which is
so good for the company.
Operating Ratio
AMUL
Page 73

74. INTERPRETATION:
Operating ratio indicates the level of expenses as compared to the
current year sales. this ratio shows the efficiency of the production or
operation management. this ratio suggest the higher this ratio the less
profitability. it would prove insufficient to pay divided to the shareholders.
Amul operating ratio was very low in the year2007.
Acid Test Ratio
AMUL
Page 74

75. INTERPRETATION:
It is a ratio expressing relationship between Quick Assets and Liquid
liabilities to earned sales. It is an useful indication of the profitability of
business. This ratio is usually expressed as a percentage. This ratio shows
whether the mark up obtained on cost of standard showing reasonableness of
gross profit. In year 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-2013 the Acid Test
Ratio is 1.39,1.04,0.55 and 1.53 respectively.
Properitor Ratio
AMUL
Page 75

76. INTETPRETATION:
The ratio show the properitors funds to the total assets employed in
the business. In 2012-13 it is around 0.64 in compare of previous year it was
0.71 in 2011-2012. so, it is Bad fund level of the company.
Debt. Equity Ratio
AMUL
Page 76

77. INTERPRETATION:
This ratio indicates amount of capital while is barred by the owner or
proprietors. In the year 2012-2013 the debt equity ratio is 0.68 but in current
the ratio of the company is around 0.25 in2011-2012.
Return on Capital Employed
AMUL
Page 77

78. INTERPRETATION:
It helps to know much return the company gets with the capital of Rs.
100. In the year 2012-13, the ratio is 6 %. It means that the average net
return of capital is Rs 6. Thus the return in the capital of the company has
decreased as previous year. It shows bad situation of the company.
Interest Coverage Ratio
AMUL
Page 78

79. INTERPRETATION:
In the year 2012-13, the ratio is 1.34 times respectively. It means the
ratio has decreased as compared to previous years. In the year 2011-12, the
ratio is 2.42 which can better, compared to this year.
Fixed Asset T.over
AMUL
Page 79

80. INTERPRETATION:
This ratio measures the efficiency of the firm in managing and
utilizing its assets. The higher the ratio, the more efficient ids the
management and utilization of the assets. While low ratio indicates
underutilization of available resources and presence of idle capacity. Here
the fixed assets turnover ratio is increasing in the year 2008-09, but after that
year the fixed assets turnover ratio is decreased in year in 2009-2010. In the
year 2010-11 and 2011-12 the fixed assets turnover ratio is increased, but
this year 2012-13 the ratio is decreased once again. So it is bad for the
company.
Capital T.over Ratio
AMUL
Page 80

81. INTERPRETATION:
In the year 2006-2007 the capital turnover ratio is very low, it is 1.84
but afterwards the ratio is increased year by year, this year the ratio is high,
it is 6.04 and the ratio is increased compared to previous year. So it is good
for the company.
Stock T.over Ratio
AMUL
Page 81

82. INTERPRETATION:
The ratio shows that many times the stock has been turned out in a
year. In the year 2010-2011 the ratio is 13.55 and in the year 2011-12 the
ratio is 14 but this year 2012-2013 the ratio is 9.27.the stock turnover ratio
has decreased this year.
Expense Ratio
AMUL
Page 82

83. INTERPRETATION:
In the year 2011-12 Ratio is 0.11 but in the 2012-13 the Ratio is 0.17.
The ratio is increase in this year, So it is good for the Company.
Debtors Ratio
AMUL
Page 83

84. INTERPRETATION:
This Ratio indicate the speed with which debtors are being converted
or turnover in to sales .The higher the value of debtors the more efficient is
the management of credit. But in the company the debtor turnover ratio is
increase and decrease year to year this show that their credit policy liberal as
compare to previous year.
Creditor Ratio
AMUL
Page 84

85. INTERPRETATION:
In signifies the credit period enjoyed by the firm in paying creditors.
Account payable include both sundry creditors and B/P .higher the payable
period lower the working capital requirements but on the other hand it may
affects the prestige of the firm so the company has to frame the credit policy
in such manner.
Avg. Coll.Period
AMUL
Page 85

86. INTERPRETATION:
The average collection period measures the quality of the debtors and
it helps in analysis the efficiency of collection efforts. It also helps to
analysis the credit policy adopted by the company in the firm average
collection period is increase year to year. It show that the firm has liberal
credit policy. It is not good for the company.
Leverage Ratio
AMUL
Page 86

87. INTERPRETATION:
Leverage ratio calculated to judge the long term solvency or financial
position of the firm there should be appropriate mix of debt and owners
equity in the firms assets. The composition of capital of business and the
proportion of owners capital and capital provided by the outsides the
reflected by leverage ratios.
RATIO SUMMARY
AMUL
Page 87

88. P a r t i c u l a r
G r o s s P r o f i t
G.P.
=""""""×100
Net Sale
N e t
P r o f i t
Net Profit
="'"''"""''"×100
Net Sale
1 0 - 1 1
195395.02
""'"""'''""'×100
211349.04
=7.54%
9 2 6 . 6 5
"'"'""''"''"'×100
211349.04
=0.48%
1 1 - 1 2
19342.43
""""""'""×100
246634.70
=7.84%
1 0 7 0 . 2 9
"'"""'"'''"×100
246634.70
=0.43%
1 2 - 1 3
2 2 0 5 1 . 8 5
"'"'"'"'"'"'"''×100
284999.60
=7.73%
7 2 2 . 1 2
"'"'"'"'"'"'×100
284999.60
=0.25%
Current Ratio
Current Asset
="'"'"''""'"""""'"
Current Liabili
Liquid Liabilit
Liquid Assets
"""""""'"'"''""""
Liquid Liabilit
37418.25
"'""'""''""'"'"
33561.01
=1.11:1
20955.87
"'""'"'''''"""
26061.01
=0.80:1
4 8 9 6 2 . 6
"'"'"''"'"""
41033.55
=1.19:1
23238.74
""''"''""'"''"
32491.98
=0.72:1
6 6 5 4 1 . 9 7
"'"'"'"'"'"'"''
53612.22
=1.24:1
2 3 8 9 5 . 7
"'"'"'"'"'"'"
32720.85
=0.73:1
Operating Rat.
Cogs+Ope.Ex
='""'""''"'''×100
Net Sale
AcidTest Ratio
Quick Asset
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'
Quick Liabilit
Properitor Rat.
Sh.HolderFund
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'
Total Assets
Debt.EquityRatio
Debt.
="'"'""'"'"'
Equity
223629.42
="'"'"'"'''''×100
211349.04
=105.81%
35236.31
="'"'"'"'"'"'""'"
33561.01
=1.04:1
45899.92
="'"'"'"'"'''"'"
52689.12
=0.87:1
3 6 0 1 . 1 3
="'"'"'"'"'''
42789.53
=0.08:1
266264.05
="'"'"'"''"×100
246634.70
=91.74%
38901.75
="'"'"'"'"'"'""'
41033.55
=0.95:1
46466.82
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'
64790.45
=0.71:1
10911.91
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'
42832.15
=0.25:1
285144.31
"'"'"'"'"''"'''×100
284999.60
=100.05%
49975.33
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'
32720.85
1.53:1
4 7 1 6 0
='"'''"'"'"'"
73432.5
=0.64:1
32075.04
="'"'"'"'"''''
47160
=0.68:1
ReturnOnCapital
Employed=
EBIT
AMUL
2 7 0 8 . 8 1
= "'"'"'"'""'×100
45899.92
3 4 9 4 . 6 2
="'"'"'"'"'×100
46466.82
2851.27
="'"''''""""'×10
0
Page 88

89. "'"'"'"'"'"'""''''×100
Capital Employed
Int.Coverage Rat
EBIT
="'"'"'"'"'''""'
Interest
FixeAssetT.Ratio
Sales
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'
Fixed Assets
C a p i t a l T . R a t i o
Sales
="'"'"'"'"'""'"'"'"'"'''
Capital Employed
StockT.OverRatio
COGS
="'"'""'"'"'"'"'
Avg.Stock
E x p . R a t i o =
Admin.Exp
"'"'""'"'"'"'"'"×100
Net Sale
D e b t o r s R a t i o =
Debtors/R
"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'×365
Credit Sale
Creditor Ratio=
Creditors/P
"'"'""'"'"'""'"'"×365
Credit Purchase
Avg.C ollP erio d
No.workingDays
"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'
DTR
Leverage Ratio=
Long term liability
"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"
Stockholder equity
=5.90%
=7.52%
47160
=6%
2 7 0 8 . 8 1
3494.62
2851.27
="'"'"'"'"'"'
="'"'"'"'"'"'"
="'"'"'''""'
1569.38
1441..25
2129.15
=1.73:1
=2.42:1
=1.34:1
2 1 1 3 4 9 . 0 4 2 4 6 6 3 4 . 7 0 284999.60
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'"
15270.87
15827.85
19820.28
=13.84
=15.58
=14.38
2 1 1 3 4 9 . 0 4 2 4 6 6 3 4 . 7 0 284999.60
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'
="'"'"'"'"''"'"'
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'
45899.92
46466.82
47160
=4.60:1
=5.30:1
6.04:1
1 8 8 1 7 9 . 0 9 2 2 0 7 3 1 . 0 9 262947.75
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'
="'"'"'"'"'"''"
13883.36
16184.73
28378.97
=14Days
=14Days
=9Days
3 5 5 . 7 9 2 6 6 . 8 5
4 8 4 . 4 9
"'"'"'"'"'"'"×100
"''"'"'"''"'×100
="'"'"'"'"'×100
211349.04
246634.70
284999.60
0.17%
0.11%
=0.17%
2 1 8 1 . 9 4 + 0 1 0 0 6 0 . 8 5 + 0 16566.64+ 0
"'"'"'"'"'"''"×365
"'"'"'"'"'"×365
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'×3
211349.04
246634.70
65
=4Days
=15Days
284999.60
=21Days
1 5 6 8 . 7 2 + 0 1865.66+0 1 8 9 4 . 8 1
"'"'"'"'"'"'"'×365
'"'"'""'"'"×365
="'"'"'"'"'"'×36
145887.28
159452.14
5
=4Days
=5Days
201445.06
=4Days
3 6 5
3 6 5
3 6 5
=''"''""""
="'"'"'"'"'
="'"'"'"'
3.77
14.68
3.43
96Days
24Days
100Days
3 6 0 1 . 1 3
1 0 9 1 1 . 9 1 32075.04
="'"'''"'"'"'"'
="'"'"'"'"'"'"
="'"'"'"'"'"'"'"
45899.92
46466.82
47160
=0.078
=0.23
=0.68
Working Capital Management
AMUL
Page 89

90. Working capital is the amount of capital that a business has
available to meet the day to day cash requirement of operation or more
specially, for financing the conversion of raw material in to finish d goods,
which the company sell for payment. Funds are also needed for short term
purpose for the purpose of raw material, payment of wage and other day to
day expenses, etc. these fund are known as working capital.
In simple words, working capital refer to that part of the firms
capital ,which is require for financing short term or current assets such as
cash , marketable securities debtors and inventories. Working capital is a
valuation metric that is calculated as CA - CL.
AMUL
Page 90

91. TYPES OF WORKING CAPITAL
1. GROSS WORKING CAPITAL:
It refers to the firm’s investment in the entire all the assets taken
together. The total of investment in all the individual current assets is the
gross W.C.
2. NET WORKING CAPITAL
The term net W.C. may be defined as the excess of total CA over CL .
CL refer to those liability which are payable within a period of 1 year . the
net WC may either be positive or negative . if total CA are more than CL
difference is known as positive WC. otherwise known as negative W.C. the
greater the margin the better will be liquidity of the firms
NWC= TOTAL C.A. - TOTAL C.L.
Finance manager must consider both because they provide different
interpretation. the gross WC denote the total WC or total investment in CA
these will help avoiding un necessary stoppage of work or chance of
liquidation due to insufficient WC and also give us an idea of total fund
require for maintaining CA.
on the other hand net WC refer to the amount of fund that must be invested
by the firm more or less regularly in CA.
AMUL
Page 91

92. B. ON THE BASIS OF TIME
(a) Fixed WC Fixed WC may be defined as the minimum level of CA which is
required by the firm to carry on its business operation every firm has to
maintain minimum level of RM, WIP, FG, cash balance.
(b) FLUCTUATING WC
It is the extra WC needed to support the changing production and
sales activities of the firm. The amount of temporary WC keeps on
fluctuating time to time on the basis of business activity both kind of WC
1. Permanent
2. Fix are necessary to Facilitate production and sales through the operating
cycle.
AMUL
Page 92

93. WORKING CAPITAL STATEMENT
CURRENT ASSETS
(in lacs)
Particular
Stock
Advances
Debtors
Cash & Bank
Total
(A)
2010-11
16462.38
4162.15
2181.94
14484.14
37290.61
2011-12
25723.86
25723.86
10060.85
4205.59
48815.85
2012-13
42646.27
5439.69
16566.64
1889.37
66541.97
CURRENT LIABILITY
Particular
Creditors
Provision
Adv. From
Customers
Total
(B)
2010-11
1568.72
1301.68
31992.29
2011-12
1865.66
1790.38
39167.89
2012-13
1894.89
1351.21
20891.37
34862.09
42823.93
24137.39
W.C. (A-B)
2428.52
5991.92
42404.58
DUPONT ANALYSIS
AMUL
Page 93

94. These give insight into overall effect of assets management and
debts management on the profitability of the business. They focus on the
relationship between Return on Assets (ROA), return on Sales (ROS), Total
Assets Turnover (TAT), Equity Ratio and return on Equity (ROE). They
indicate how the performance of a firm in these ratios reflects on the earning
ability and the managerial efficiency of a firm.
In fact, DPEs draw insight into areas or aspects of the business-ROS
(profitability) to be TAT (efficiency) to be regarded as responsible for any
return (ROA or ROE) made from the business. For instance DPEs may help
us see how a firm whose ROS is above industry average may be forced to
produce a ROA which is below industry average, due to low TAT (which is
below industry average).
The first Du Pont Equation is developed by writing the definition of
ROA and multiplying by sakes/sales (= 1, so that the multiplication does not
change the value of expression).
The equation is stated a follows:
Net Income
Sales
ROA = """"""""""""""" x """"""""""
Total Assets
Sales
Reversing the order of the denominator:
Net Income
Sales
ROA= """"""""""""""" x """"""""""""''''
Sales
Total Assets
That is, ROA
AMUL
=
ROS
X
TAT
Page 94

95. This shows that ROA is a product of ROS and TAT. Well, it must be
recalled that ROA is a fundamental measure of performance indicating how
well a company uses its assets to generate profits. ROS measures how well a
firm keeps some of its sales naira in profit. And TAT measures the
company’s ability to generate sales with the assets it has. Therefore, the
above Du Pont Equation tells us that to run a business well as measured by
ROA, we have to manage costs and expenses well and generate a lot of sates
per naira of assets.
P A R T I C U L A R
ROA
2
0 1 0 - 1 1 2 0 1 1 - 1 2
926.65
211349.04
1070.29
246634.70
"""""'""""''''" ×
"""""""""""" × """"""""""""
"""""""""""" =
246634.70
64790.45
211349.04
52689.12
0.016 × 100 =1.60% 0.015×100 = 1.50 %
The second but extended Du pont Equation is developed by writing
the definition of ROE and multiplying sales/sales and by total assets/total
assets. The equation is stated as follows:
Net Income
Sales
Total Assets
ROA= ””””""""""""""""" x """""""""
Equity
Sales
x
"""""""""""""""""""
Total Assets
Re-arranging the denominators:
Net income
Total Assets
ROE = """"""""""""""" x
Sales
That is, ROE =ROA
Then, ROE =
AMUL
x
""""""""""""""""""
Equity
Equity Multiplier.
ROA x Equity Multiplier.
Page 95

96. It must be noted that the equity multiplier has to do with the idea of
leverage, using borrowed money instead of your own to work for you. In
fact, the equity multiplier is related to the proportion to which the firm is
leveraged, geared or financed by other people’s money as opposed to
owner’s money. The more the leverage, the larger the equity multiplier.
The extended Du Pont Equation says something very important about
running a business. The operation of the business itself is reflected in ROA.
This means managing customers, people, Costa, expenses and equipment.
But that result, good or bad, can be multiplied by borrowing. In other words,
the way you finance a business can greatly exaggerate the results of nuts and
bolts operations
ROE
P A R T I C U L A R
ROE
AMUL
2 0 1 0 - 1 1
2 0 1 1 - 1 2
926.65
52689.12
1070.29
64790.45
"""""""""""" * """"""""=
"""""""""""" * """"""""""""
211349.04 42789.53
=
246634..70 42832.15
0.004*1.23 =0.49% 0.004*1.51 =0.60%
Page 96

97. Common size Statement of P&L
Particular
Sales
-COGS
G.P
-Operating Exp.
Research
&devlopement
Admin.Exp
Selling &
Destribution Exp.
NPET
AMUL
2011-12
246634.7
220731.09
25903.61
2012-13
286084.75
262947.75
23137
%
100
89
10.96
%
100
89.49
10.50
%
100
91.91
8.08
744.39
761.18
504.078
0.35
0.31
0.18
355.79
21945.82
266.85
24539.79
484.49
21929.41
0.17 0.11
10.38 9.95
0.17
7.67
23046
+Operating
Income
Other income
Dividend income
Interest Income
2010-11
211349.04
188179.09
23169.95
25567.87
22929.41
10.90 10.37
7.67
395.97
106.73
300.02
802.72
916.67
274.21
127.52
332.77
734.5
1070.29
435.08
236.92
199.83
866.83
1085.15
0.19
0.05
0.14
0.38
0.15
0.08
0.07
0.30
0.11
0.05
0.13
0.29
Page 97

98. Common Size Statement of Balance Sheet
Particular
Liability
Sh.Capital
Res.Surplus
Secure Loans
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
%
%
%
2789.53
3110.39
3152.92
1.03
4.73
6.07
17.4
9
0.73
3.06
4.56
12.33
448.21
33561.0
1
557.78
43619.8
4
41033.5
5
1491.98
59904.2
7
2879.32
4280.68
11607.6
2
20467.4
2
53612.2
2
1100.44
93947.7
6.39
7.13
7.23
Unsecure
Loans
Current
Liability
Tax
TOTAL
2832.15
3634.68
10476.6
8
435.23
76.9
4
1.28
100
68.4
9
2.49
100
57.07
15270.8
7
Investment
1040.40
Current
37290.6
Assets
1
Miscellaneous 127.64
Exp.
TOTAL
53729.5
2
15827.8
5
1040.58
48815.8
5
146.75
19820.2
8
1040.58
66541.9
7
164.43
28.4
2
1.94
69.4
0
0.24
24.0
4
1.58
74.1
5
0.22
22.63
65831.0
3
87567.2
6
100
100
100
Asset
Fixed Assets
AMUL
21.79
1.17
100
1.19
75.99
0.19
Page 98

99. ANNUAL PROGRESS OF DAIRY HUSBANDRY
ACTIVITIES
Indicators
Primary Milk Cooperative Societies
Members of
Societies
Milk procured from
Societies (in Kegs)
Chilling Units in
Societies
Sale of Amuldan
( in Metric tons)
Milk Collection
Centers ( Owned by
Societies)
A.I.Centres
(a) Liquid Semen
(b) Frozen Semen
Artificial
Insemination
Pregnancy
Diagnosis
(a) Infertility
(b) No. of Cases
Veterinary First Aid
Cases
Special Veterinary
Visits
AMUL
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
1,163
1,176
1,195
634,675
669,546
676,349
515,961,530
554,784,962
616,189,029
741
823
886
243,615
288,952
333,470
957
1,054
124
930
963
1,054
99
955
970
1,023
0
1,023
882,159
898,472
904,211
321,207
1,102
72,704
308,558
1,761
101,798
321,446
1,540
92,526
117,319
116,692
97,341
573,998
642,995
692,860
Page 99

100. CHALLENGES TO BE MET
 Expansion upgrading of plant and equipment to met
I n c r e a s i n g demanded for quality and quantity with the help of
better-qualified personnel.
 Rapid increase in productivity while respecting the basic man
land animal dynamic that is control to dairy and agriculture
development in India
 Development of new markets and expansion of old ones
replacing additional system with quality packaged milk products
and vegetable.
 Creating a national information network to ensure that accurate timely
information is available to all who need it.
 R a pid
progress towards the highest qualifies standard
Strengthens institutions leaders, managers and members.
AMUL
Page 100

101. CONCLUSION
AMUL is a highly successful co-operative sector in world. Which
truly work for farmers, who are the members of union all departments are
working well
and help the union to reach toward top position. I have list
o u t s o m e recommendations they are follow.
AMUL has competitive established system. The four hands of
AMUL are working successfully with corporation. The people of
AMUL are very co-operative and enthusiastic. AMUL is famous as
“ANAND pattern” for its co-operative organization in world. So it’s a
matter proud for people of ANAND as well as India. AMUL is really “The
Taste of India”.
By this summer internship report anybody can
get the overview of the condition of the financial statement and the
organization’s past and present s i t u a t i o n .
The ratio analysis shows the direction of the
O r g a n i z a t i o n ’ s growth. According to my point, success factor being
AMUL are hard work discipline, co-operative structure, production
technology development, and the proper method for paying the debt and
collecting the payment. The main cost for AMUL is transportation cost
for collecting the milk from different villages. But
now AMUL have the chilling facilities to some big
villages (milk collection centre). So that the milk is stored up to 2-3
days. Then AMUL collect the milk from there after 3 days.
AMUL
Page 101

102. BIBLIOGRAPHY
(1)Company’s Annual Reports (last 6 years)
(2)www.Google.com
(3)www.Amuldairy.com
(4)Prasanna Chandra, Financial Management Fourth Edition.
AMUL
Page 102

103. Amul
AMUL
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104. AMUL
Page 104