An independent study with a sample size of 6 found a mean difference of 4 points between two groups and a pooled variance of 12. To calculate the t-statistic for this study, the formula is t = (M1 - M2) - (u1 - u2)]/sqrt(Vp/n1 + Vp/n2) where M1 and M2 are the sample means, u1 and u2 are the population means, Vp is the pooled variance, and n1 and n2 are the sample sizes.