Program for Innovations Time For Change: Reframing the Conversation on Energy & Climate November 24, 2009

innovations
TECHNOLOGY | GOVERNANCE | GLOBALIZATION

Sponsoring Institutions

Time For Change School of Public Policy
George Mason University

Reframing the Conversation on Energy and Climate Center for Climate Change
Communication,
A discussion on the occasion of the release of the George Mason University
Innovations journal special issue on energy & climate Legatum Center for Development
and Entrepreneurship, MIT
November 24, 2009
1:00-6:45PM Belfer Center for Science and
International Affairs
The National Academy of Sciences
Kennedy School of Government
21st and Constitution Avenue, NW Harvard University
Washington, DC
MIT Press

The solutions to our climate challenge aren't just “out there,” Supporting Institution
they are right here-before your eyes, in your hands.
The Lemelson Foundation
—John P. Holdren, Science Adviser to the President of the United States
Introduction to Innovations 4(4),
“Energy for Change: Creating Climate Solutions” Participating Institutions

Ashoka,
EVENT DESCRIPTION Innovators for the Public
The goal of this meeting is to contribute to reframing the conversation on
Association of Public and
energy and climate by illuminating opportunities inherent in the
Land-grant Universities
transition away from carbon intensity. The meeting will focus on how
technologies already in use can be combined with common-sense policies Carnegie Institution
and 21st century modes of organization to create jobs, advance
Center for American Progress
innovation, and enhance international cooperation. The meeting will take
place at the National Academy of Sciences and will engage leaders from Environmental and
business, government, and academia in a discussion of the societal Energy Study Institute
possibilities inherent in the creation of climate solutions.
Get America Working!
The event is timed to take place two weeks before the United Nations
Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, and coincides with the Natural Resources
release of the Innovations journal special issue on energy & climate titled Defense Council
“Energy for Change.” Led by the Science Adviser to the President of the Pew Center on
United States, John Holdren, and informed by a year-long project on Global Climate Change
energy & climate at the National Academy of Sciences, the meeting will
be organized into a set of forward-looking conversations respectively United Nations Foundation
emphasizing opportunities for business, for the United States, and for the
global community of nations.

editors@innovationsjournal.net
ENTREPRENEURIAL SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL CHALLENGES
mitpressjournals.org/innovations

Innovations is about entrepreneurial solutions to global challenges.
The journal features cases authored by exceptional innovators; commentary and
research from leading academics; and essays from globally recognized executives and
political leaders. It is jointly hosted at George Mason University's School of Public
Policy, Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, and MIT’s Legatum Center for
Development and Entrepreneurship.
Each issue of Innovations consists of four sections:
1. Lead essay. An authoritative figure addresses an issue relating to innovation, empha-
sizing interactions between technology and governance in a global context.
2. Cases authored by innovators. Case narratives of innovations are authored either by,
or in collaboration with, the innovators themselves. Each includes discussion of moti-
vations, challenges, strategies, outcomes, and unintended consequences. Following
each case narrative, we present commentary by an academic discussant. The discussant
highlights the aspects of the innovation that are analytically most interesting, have the
most significant implications for policy, and/or best illustrate reciprocal relationships
between technology and governance.
3. Analysis. Accessible, policy-relevant research articles emphasize links between prac-
tice and policy—alternately, micro and macro scales of analysis. The development of
meaningful indicators of the impact of innovations is an area of editorial emphasis.
4. Perspectives on policy. Analyses of innovations by large scale public actors—nation-
al governments and transnational organizations—address both success and failure of
policy, informed by both empirical evidence and the experience of policy innovators.
The development of improved modes of governance to facilitate and support innova-
tions is an area of editorial focus.
mitpressjournals.org/innovations
editors@innovationsjournal.net

National Academy of Sciences
November 24, 2009

AGENDA

1:00-1:10
Welcome
Stephen Merrill, National Academy of Sciences

1:10-1:50
Building Change
The built environment and electric power service delivery
moderator: Ellen Vaughan, Environmental and Energy Study Institute
panelist: Ralph Cavanagh, Natural Resources Defense Council
panelist: James Turner, Association of Public and Land-grant Universities
panelist: Henry Green, National Institute of Building Sciences

1:50-2:30
Driving Change
Transport and reduced oil consumption
moderator: Philip Auerswald, George Mason University
panelist: Judi Greenwald, Pew Center on Global Climate Change
panelist: L. Jerry Hansen, United States Army
panelist: William Drayton, Ashoka and Get America Working!

2:30-2:50
BREAK

2:50-3:30
Legislating Change
U.S. policy options and directions
moderator: Edward Maibach, George Mason University
panelist: Richard Meserve, The Carnegie Institution
panelist: Jason Grumet, Bipartisan Policy Center
panelist: Bracken Hendricks, Center for American Progress

3:30-4:00
Introduction of Keynote Speaker
Philip Auerswald, George Mason University
Keynote Address
John Holdren, Science Adviser to the President of the United States

Time for Change
Reframing the Conversation on Energy and Climate

4:00-5:00
Negotiating Change
International agreements and new institutional arrangements at a global scale
moderator: William Bonvillian, MIT
panelist: Thomas Schelling, University of Maryland
panelist: Frank Alix, Powerspan Corp.
panelist: Iqbal Quadir, MIT

5:00-5:30
Closing Address
Rear Admiral Philip Hart Cullom

5:30-5:40
Concluding Remarks
William Bonvillian, MIT

5:45-6:45PM
Reception

November 24, 2009

SPEAKER BIOGRAPHIES
Listed in order of appearance on the agenda

Welcome
Steven Merrill has been Executive Director of the National Academies’ Board on
Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP)* since its formation in 1991.
With the sponsorship of a growing number of federal government agencies,
foundations, international institutions, and multinational corporations in various
sectors, the STEP program has become an important discussion forum and
authoritative voice on technical standards, trade, taxation, human resources, and
statistical as well as research and development policies. For his work on patent
reform he was recognized as one of the 50 leading world intellectual property
experts by Managing Intellectual Property magazine and awarded the Academies’
2005 Distinguished Service Award. Previously, Dr. Merrill was a Fellow in
International Business at the Center for Strategic and International Studies
(CSIS), where he specialized in technology trade issues. Dr. Merrill holds degrees
in political science from Columbia (B.A., summa cum laude), Oxford (M. Phil.),
and Yale (M.A. and Ph.D.) Universities. In 1992 he attended the Senior Managers
in Government Program of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at
Harvard University.

Panel 1. Building Change
Ellen Larson Vaughan is Policy Director and buildings specialist for the
Environmental and Energy Study Institute, a nonprofit organization founded by
a bi-partisan group of members of Congress in 1984 to advanced sustainable
energy solutions. Vaughan came to EESI from Steven Winter Associates, Inc.,
where she concentrated on high–performance building design training and policy
development for a variety of clients including the Naval Facilities Engineering
Command (NAVFAC) and the Sustainable Buildings Industry Council.
Ralph Cavanagh is the Energy Program Co-Director at the Natural Resources
Defense Council. Cavanagh has been a Visiting Professor of Law at Stanford and
UC Berkeley, and a Lecturer on Law at the Harvard Law School; he has also been
a faculty member for the University of Idaho’s Public Utility Executives Course
for more than a decade. From 1993-2003, Cavanagh served on the U.S. Secretary
of Energy’s Advisory Board and his current board memberships include the
Bipartisan Policy Center, the Bonneville Environmental Foundation, the
California Clean Energy Fund, the Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Technologies, the Energy Center of Wisconsin, the Northwest Energy Coalition,
and the Renewable Northwest Project. He is a graduate of Yale College and the
Yale Law School.

Time for Change

James Turner is Senior Counselor and Director of Energy Policy for the
Association of Public and Land Grant Universities. Turner earlier served as Chief
Counsel, Technology Staff Director, and Energy Counsel for the House of
Representatives Committee on Science and Technology. He served on both the
Obama and Clinton Presidential Transition Teams for the Department of
Commerce. He is a Trustee of the engineering school at the University of Virginia
(UVA) and the Academic Co-Chair of the President’s Advisory Committee for
Heinz College at Carnegie Mellon University and on the Board of Advisors for
MIT Press’s journal Innovations. He graduated from Georgetown, Yale, and
Westminster College.
Henry L. Green is President of the National Institute of Building Sciences. Before
coming to the Institute in 2008, Green was Director of the Bureau of
Construction Codes & Fire Safety for the State of Michigan. He is also a past
President and co-founder of the International Code Council, developer of the
International Building Code. The National Institute of Building Sciences is a pri-
vate, nonprofit organization established by Congress as a single authoritative
national source to make findings and advise both the public and private sectors
on the use of building science and technology to achieve national goals and bene-
fits. Green has held such positions as president of BOCA International, Inc. and
as a member of the board of directors of the Council of American Building
Officials.

Panel 2. Driving Change
Philip Auerswald is an Associate Professor at the School of Public Policy.
Auerswald's work focuses on entrepreneurship, technology, and innovation. He is
co-founder and co-editor of Innovations: Technology | Governance | Globalization,
a quarterly journal from MIT Press about entrepreneurial solutions to global
challenges. Prior to joining the faculty at George Mason University, Auerswald
was a lecturer and Assistant Director of the Science, Technology, and Public
Policy Program at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. He
has been a consultant to the National Academies of Science, the Commonwealth
of Massachusetts, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. He
holds a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Washington and a B.A. (politi-
cal science) from Yale University.
Judi Greenwald is the Vice President of Innovative Solutions at the Pew Center
on Global Climate Change. She oversees the Solutions program which analyzes
and promotes innovative solutions in the major sectors that contribute to climate
change, including transportation, electric power and buildings. Ms. Greenwald
has over 25 years of experience working on energy and environmental policy.
Prior to coming to the Pew Center, she worked as a consultant, focusing on inno-
vative approaches to solving environmental problems, including climate change.
She also served as a senior advisor on the White House Climate Change Task

November 24, 2009

Force. Ms. Greenwald has a Bachelor of Science in Engineering, cum laude, from
Princeton University, and an M.A. in Science, Technology and Public Policy from
George Washington University.
L. Jerry Hansen is the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Strategic
Infrastructure. As such, he is responsible within Installations & Environment for
Strategic Planning, Business Transformation, Lean Six Sigma implementation,
Strategic Infrastructure Analysis, and Strategic Management Systems implemen-
tation. He also serves as Project Executive Officer for the National Museum of the
U.S. Army. A career member of the Senior Executive Service since 2003, Mr.
Hansen's previous assignment was as Deputy Inspector General for Policy and
Oversight for the DoD Inspector General. Mr. Hansen is a retired Army officer
whose service included Vietnam, Germany, the Pentagon, and numerous troop
assignments with the 1st Infantry Division, the 1st Cavalry Division, and the 82d
Airborne Division. Mr. Hansen is a graduate of the Industrial College of the
Armed Forces and Defense Systems Management College. His degrees include a
BS from the United States Military Academy, an MA from Central Michigan
University, and a JD from McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific. His
awards include the DODIG Distinguished Civilian Service Award, the Defense
Superior Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, and the German Cross of Honor
(Silver).
William Drayton is the founder and current CEO of Ashoka: Innovators for the
Public, a citizen movement dedicated to finding and fostering social entrepre-
neurs worldwide. Drayton also serves as board chair of Get America Working!, a
nonpartisan, fuller employment policy citizen group that framed the payroll tax
shifting proposal. Named by US News & World Report as one of America’s 25 Best
Leaders in 2005, he pioneered the concept of and coined the phrase “social entre-
preneurship.” Drayton is also a MacArthur Fellow. A former management con-
sultant at McKinsey and Company and faculty member at both Stanford and
Harvard, during the Carter administration he served as Assistant Administrator
of the Environmental Protection Agency (1977-1981) where he launched emis-
sions trading among other reforms. He is a graduate of Harvard, Oxford, and Yale
Universities.

Time for Change

Panel 3. Legislating Change
Edward Maibach is a highly experienced public health and social change profes-
sional and a leading academic in the field of communication. His work over the
past 25 years has helped define the fields of public health communication and
social marketing, and his book, Designing Health Messages: Approaches from
Communication Theory and Public Health Practice, is widely used by academics
and practitioners alike. Ed has previously had the pleasure of serving as an associ-
ate director of the National Cancer Institute, as worldwide director of social mar-
keting for Porter Novelli, as chairman of the board for Kidsave International, and
as a member of the faculty at Emory and George Washington universities.
Richard Meserve is president of Carnegie Institution and has been a member of
Carnegie’s board of trustees since 1992. Prior to Carnegie Institution, Meserve
served as Chairman of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) under
both Presidents Clinton and Bush. As Chairman of the NRC, Meserve served as
the principal executive officer of the federal agency with responsibility for ensur-
ing the public health and safety in the operation of nuclear power plants and in
the usage of nuclear materials. Before joining the NRC, Meserve was a partner in
the Washington, D.C., law firm of Covington & Burling, and he now serves as
Senior Of Counsel to the firm. He holds a Ph.D. in applied Physics from
Stanford, a law degree from Harvard and an undergraduate degree from Tufts
University.
Jason Grumet is the Founder and President of the Bipartisan Policy Center
(BPC). Since 2001, Jason has directed the National Commission on Energy Policy
(NCEP), which is now a project of the BPC. Under Jason’s leadership, the NCEP
has released a number of significant studies and continues to actively advocate
for its policy recommendations in Congress and with the Administration. NCEP
continues to play a significant in the national climate change debate. Most recent-
ly, NCEP worked with Congress on key aspects of the Energy Independence and
Security Act of 2007. Prior to joining the Commission, Jason worked for
NESCAUM (Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management), which rep-
resents the Northeast Governors on Environmental Matters. Jason received a
Bachelor of Arts degree from Brown University and his Juris Doctorate from
Harvard University.
Bracken Hendricks is a Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress.
Hendricks works at the interface of global warming solutions and economic
development. He is a longtime leader in promoting policies that create green
jobs, sustainable infrastructure, and investment in cities. Hendricks served as an
advisor to the campaign and transition team of President Barack Obama, and
was an architect of clean-energy portions of the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act. He also served in the Clinton administration as special assis-
tant to the Office of Vice President Al Gore, with the Department of Commerce’s

November 24, 2009

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and with the President’s
Council on Sustainable Development.

Keynote Address
John Holdren is Assistant to the President of the United States for Science and
Technology and Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology
Policy. Prior to joining the Obama administration, Holdren was a professor at
Harvard in both the Kennedy School of Government and the Department of
Earth and Planetary Sciences, Director of the Woods Hole Research Center, and
Co-Chair of the National Commission on Energy Policy. His work has focused on
causes and consequences of global environmental change, options and choices in
energy technology and policy, ways to reduce the dangers from nuclear weapons
and materials, and the interaction of content and process in science and technol-
ogy policy. Holdren holds MS and PhD degrees in aerospace engineering and
plasma physics from MIT and Stanford.

Panel 4. Negotiating Change
William Bonvillian is the director of MIT’s Washington office, and he teaches
innovation policy on the Adjunct Faculty at Georgetown University. Prior to his
current positions, Bonvillian served as a senior advisor for seventeen years in the
U.S. Senate, working on R&D and technology issues. He also serves on the Board
on Science Education of the National Academies of Sciences and on two other
Academy study committees. He has published articles on the connected science
model in innovation, on U.S. competitiveness and innovation challenges, on
DARPA as an innovation model, on the application of that model in the energy
policy area, on homeland security innovation challenges, and on education and
employment issues in the innovation sector. Bonvillian holds a B.A. from
Columbia University with honors, an M.A.R. from Yale, and a J.D. from
Columbia Law School.
Thomas Schelling is the Lucius N. Littauer Professor of Political Economy, emer-
itus, at Harvard University and a Distinguished University Professor, emeritus, at
the University of Maryland. From 1948 to 1953, he worked in Europe with the
Executive Office of the President in support of the Marshall Plan. During the
Carter administration, Schelling was selected to chair a committee of the
National Academy of Sciences on global warming. In 2005, he received the Nobel
Prize in Economics, shared with Robert Aumann, for “having enhanced our
understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis.”
Schelling served in the Economic Cooperation Administration in Europe, and has
held positions in the White House and Executive Office of the President. He
holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard and an A.B. in Economics, University
of California, Berkeley.

Time for Change

Frank Alix Frank Alix is CEO of Powerspan Corp, which he co-founded in 1994.
Frank has over 30 years of experience in energy related fields, beginning his
career as a nuclear engineer at General Dynamics and later as an engineering
manager at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. Prior to this, Frank worked as a venture
capital investor where he directed investments in early-stage technology ventures.
Frank has a BS degree in nuclear engineering from the University of
Massachusetts-Lowell and an MBA from the University of New Hampshire.
Frank is co-inventor on several of Powerspan’s patents. Powerspan develops and
commercializes proprietary carbon capture and multi-pollutant control technolo-
gies for coal-fired electric power plants.
Iqbal Z. Quadir is the founder and director of the Legatum Center for
Development and Entrepreneurship at MIT and Professor of the Practice of
Development and Entrepreneurship at MIT. In the 1990s, Quadir founded
GrameenPhone Ltd., which provides effective telephone access throughout
Bangladesh, and has now become Bangladesh’s largest telephone company, with
net income of $250 million in 2006. Its rural program is already available in more
than 60,000 villages, providing telephone access to more than 100 million people,
while helping to create 250,000 micro-entrepreneurs in these villages. Quadir is
also co-founder and co-editor of Innovations: Technology | Governance |
Globalization, a quarterly journal from MIT Press about entrepreneurial solutions
to global challenges. He holds an MBA and an MA from the Wharton School,
University of Pennsylvania, and a BS with honors from Swarthmore College.

November 24, 2009

Closing Address
Rear Admiral Philip Hart Cullom is Director, Fleet Readiness Division on the Navy
Staff, as position he has held since September 2008. At sea, Admiral Cullom has served
in various operational and engineering billets aboard USS Truxtun (CGN 35), USS
Jesse L. Brown (FF 1089), USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69) and USS Mobile Bay
(CG 53), participating in numerous exercises and counter-narcotics patrols as well as
Operations Desert Storm and Southern Watch. Ashore, he has served in various staff,
policy, strategy, and technical positions to include: Shift engineer & staff training offi-
cer of the A1W nuclear prototype at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, spe-
cial assistant to the CNO’s Executive Panel (OP-00K) and branch head for Strategy &
Policy (N513). Joint assignments have included defense resource manager within the J-
8 Directorate of the Joint Staff, White House fellow to the Director of the Office of
Management and Budget and director for Defense Policy and Arms Control at the
National Security Council. Cullom's personal awards include the Defense Superior
Service Medal (two awards), Legion of Merit (five awards), Defense Meritorious
Service Medal, Navy Meritorious Service Medal (two awards), Navy and Marine Corps
Commendation Medal (three awards), Joint Service Achievement Medal, and Navy
and Marine Corps Achievement Medal. A native of Flossmoor, Ill., Rear Admiral Philip
H. Cullom graduated with distinction from the U.S. Naval Academy with a bachelor's
degree in Physics. He also holds a master’s degree in business administration with dis-
tinction from Harvard Business School.

Acknowledgements
Many people contributed to the two-year process of first producing the Innovations
special issue on energy and climate, and second organizing today’s release event at the
National Academy of Sciences. For their substantial efforts in making this event possi-
ble the editors of Innovations would like to thank our hosts at the National Academies,
particularly Stephen Merrill, Peter Blair, John Horan, Daniel Mullins, Maureen
O'Leary, Patsy Powell, and James Rogers; our media relations and public relations
team, led by Julie Jacobs and supported by Tom Dawkins (Ashoka), Erica Fabo (U.N.
Foundation), Sam Foreman (Belfer Center, Harvard), Wendy Formichelli (Powerspan
Corp), James Greif (GMU), Alison Jordan (MIT Press), Stephen Kent (Kent
Communications), Julie Mullins (Better Place), Stephanie Procopis (Powerspan
Corp.), Jocelyn Rappaport (GMU), Beverly Schwartz (Ashoka), Thomas Steinfeldt
(Pew Center), Sasha Talcott (Belfer Center, Harvard), and June Taylor (Get America
Working!); and the event production team led by Halima Aquino and Whitney Burton
and supported by Allison Basile, Alex Denny, Katy Kobzesfs (Legatum Center, MIT),
Yu Jin Jung, Joni Rodebaugh, Alan Tone (FilmMaker, etc.) and a number of other vol-
unteers. For collaborating in creating the special issue we thank the thirty-one authors
who contributed to the issue and our outstanding editorial team, including Winthrop
Carty, Nicholas Sullivan, Erin Krampetz, Helen Snively, Dody Riggs, and Adam Hasler.

MIT Press

innovations
TECHNOLOGY | GOVERNANCE | GLOBALIZATION

Among the authors in our first four years of publication:
Fazle Abed
William Baumol
Rita Colwell
Susan Davis
William Drayton
Peter Eigen
Paul Farmer
Matt Flannery
Entrepreneurial William Foege
Francis Fukuyama
Solutions to Laurie Garrett
Peter Gabriel
Global Victoria Hale
Stuart Hart
Challenges Pamela Hartigan
John Holdren
Mo Ibrahim
Vinod Khosla
Richard Nelson
Jacqueline Novogratz
Julia Novy-Hildesley
María Otero
Mary Robinson
Carl Schramm
Klaus Schwab
Thomas Schelling
Lawrence Summers
Timothy Wirth

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Program for Innovations Time For Change: Reframing the Conversation on Energy & Climate November 24, 2009

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