Introducing Flow: The Blockchain For Open Worlds

Copyright © Blockchain Council www.blockchain-council.org
Introducing Flow :The Blockchain For Open
Worlds
Blockchain technology is the biggest thing to happen to the internet since
the invention of the iPhone. It has reshaped how we interact with digital
worlds.
After launching CryptoKitties in 2017, the Dapper team was involved in testing
and evaluating different approaches to solve the problem of scalability. Dapper
Labs announced the development of Flow, a new blockchain that has been built
to enable decentralized applications at scale. Flow is a fast, developer-friendly
blockchain developed for supporting the entire ecosystem of the games, digital
assets, and apps that power them.
2

The Need For a New Blockchain
The scaling plan of every decentralized blockchain is based on some kind of
sharding or side chains. The team at Dapper Labs earlier recognized that
interactivity between smart contracts is more complex and error-prone due to
these approaches.
3

Though sharding may be a suitable solution for payments, it may not be good for
an ecosystem of complex applications like social networks or games. The Flow
blockchain by Dapper Labs is a result of two years of research. Flow is a
blockchain design that can meet the expectations of mainstream developers
and consumers without compromising decentralization or sharding the
network.
4

Sharding refers to database partitioning done to separate large databases
into easily manageable, faster, and smaller parts known as data shards. The
term ‘shard’ means a small part of a whole. Sharding is the synonym used for
horizontal partitioning. The governing concept of sharding is that as the number of
transactions made per unit of time and the size of the database increase linearly,
the response time for querying the database increases exponentially.
5

A Brief About Dapper Labs
Dapper Labs is a technology company that develops CryptoKitties, a
consumer blockchain application. CryptoKitties is a game on the Ethereum
blockchain that allows you to acquire, breed, and sell virtual cats, sometimes even
for serious cash. Dapper Labs operates on the mission of making the world more
open and trustworthy by introducing consumers to blockchain technology through
fun and games.
6

What Makes Flow Unique?
In a traditional blockchain, each node stores the entire state that comprises of
smart contract code, account balances, etc. and performs all the tasks involved in
processing every transaction in the chain. Flow has a pipelined architecture
that segregates the jobs carried out by a single node across five different
types of nodes.
7

This significantly improves efficiency and reduces redundant effort. For supporting
this approach, the Flow team developed a cryptographic technique to address the
Verifier’s Dilemma known as Specialized Proofs of Confidential Knowledge
(SPoCKs).
8

SPoCKs, the new cryptographic technique developed by the Flow team,
allows an unlimited number of provers to demonstrate to a third-party
observer that each of them has access to the same confidential knowledge.
These proofs are non-interactive and will not leak any information regarding
confidential knowledge. The SPoCK of every prover is specialized to them, and it
cannot be forged or copied by any other prover.
9

Flow rethinks many design choices for improving usability for both developers and
customers, including human-readable security and upgradable smart contracts.
The protocol is secured using HotStuff. It is a Proof of Stake consensus
algorithm developed by VMWare research. This results in a single shared state
for all smart contracts ensuring that every transaction has full ACID guarantees.
ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.
10

This approach allows developers to safely and easily build above each other’s
code, thereby creating new products and services at an accelerating pace. This is
referred to as composability. Just like open-source software, composability
enables developers to innovate faster, thus leading to more consumer choice.
11

Flow is built for open ecosystems, and once Flow goes live, it will allow consumers
to access assets and applications easily. Flow will enable players to use the
Dapper Wallet to take CryptoKitties into applications on Flow, thus
benefiting from a new universe of games and other apps that will emerge.
12

What Can You Built Using Flow?
It is a dependable platform for applications that provides entirely new benefits and
features to users. Some of the experiences that can be powered by Flow are:
· Artists or bands making use of crypto tokens for giving the millions of fans
opportunities to show their fandom.
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· Platforms for sports enthusiasts across the globe to trade authentic, verified,
limited-edition memorabilia in real-time.
· Games that reward players for adding value and enable assets and
identities for users to take across infinite open environments
Entertainment legends such as Warner Music Group and Ubisoft and high growth
innovators like Animoca Brands and crypto game developers such as Sandbox
and Delta Time are involved in the flow project.
14

Proof of Stake Mechanism for the Flow
Blockchain
Dapper Labs has introduced the flow blockchain using the Proof of Stake
mechanism. Flow is being developed to process high volumes of data without
compromising on the speed. There are five nodes in the network, and the work is
divided among them. As a result, everybody ranging from both home computers to
data centres can help build the network.
15

The flow blockchain applies decentralized participation where it allows a wide
range of participants to commit to a series of financial and technical commitments.
This gives rise to five different roles, such as collection, consensus, execution,
verification, and observation. Flow differentiates the consensus mechanism from
the computing mechanism. As mentioned by Dapper Labs, performance increases
with a factor 56.
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Let us now discuss the five type of nodes
· Consensus and Verification Nodes
These nodes are the foundation of security in the Flow network. They hold the rest
of the network accountable for malicious behaviour or errors with crypto-economic
incentives and penalties. The roles of the consensus and verification nodes can
be streamlined even by individuals with consumer-grade hardware running on
home internet connections, to allow high levels of participation.
17

Observation Nodes
These connect the blockchain with the outside world. These nodes do not directly
participate in the transaction flow through the network. They exist for providing
cryptographic proofs of transaction outcomes. Client software works with
observation nodes to provide users with a view of the network that is secure and
accurate. There is no need for the clients to keep up with the torrent of traffic
flowing through the network.
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Collection and Execution Nodes
These nodes give the network its scale. All the actions delegated to these nodes
are fully deterministic. The Flow is designed in such a manner that even a single,
honest node can find, punish, and trigger recovery from invalid data that is
introduced by dishonest nodes.
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Conclusion
Dapper Labs plan to launch Flow in 2020 at the right time to support several of the
company’s large-scale music, computer-facing entertainment, and gaming
projects in the works.
If you aim to pursue a career in blockchain and want to know more about
blockchain certifications, check out Blockchain Council.
20

Blockchain Council Certifications
You can check out our certifications, and kick start your career in the Blockchain
space today.
● Certified Blockchain Expert
● Certified Blockchain Developer
● Certified Smart Contract Developer
● Certified Solidity Developer
● Certified Ethereum Developer
21

THANK YOU!
Any questions?
You can mail us at
hello@blockchain-council.org
Copyright © Blockchain Council www.blockchain-council.org 22

Introducing Flow: The Blockchain For Open Worlds

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