1. Ideas on
Lighting for Parking Structures
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

2. Lighting for Parking Structures
Evaluate two distinct areas:
1. Lighting
2. Economic View
Simple proposition: Replacing light fixtures
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

3. Lighting
Three Basic Questions:
1. What is the task we are lighting?
2. What is the required light level?
3. What environmental factors affect the space?
[SOLUTION]
How we operate within these parameters
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

4. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
1. What is the Task?
The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) has stated that parking structures
often have a high incidence of:
PEDESTRIAN – VEHICLE CONFLICT
“Driver and pedestrians must contend with:
Structural Columns
Pipe Bollards
Guard Rails
Railings
Changes in surface elevation (steps and curbing)
Lane information
Pavement markings”
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

5. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
1. What is the Task?
The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) has stated that parking structures
often have a high incidence of:
PEDESTRIAN – VEHICLE CONFLICT
The Task is SAFETY and SECURITY
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

6. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
2. What is the required light level?
The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) has a published report,
RP-20-98, titled “Lighting for Parking Facilities”
IES RP-20-98 Provides foot candle requirements for:
Garage Floor Uniformity
Ramps and Entrances
Stairwells
Emergency Lighting
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

7. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
3. What environmental factors affect the space?
• Temperature – Virginia average Temp 51-58F (11C)
• As Built – Existing engineered structure
– Limited ability to dramatically change lighting without
extensive capital expense
• Vibration – HID arc tubes
• Humidity / Water
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

8. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
How do we operate within these parameters?
• Model existing space and calculate light levels
and light power density
• Light Source Selection – Lighting technology
suited to the environment of the space
HID (HPS and PSMH)
Fluorescent (T5 and T8)
LED
Induction (Fluorescent)
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

9. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
High Intensity Discharge HID (HPS and PSMH)
FEATURES: 10,000-24,000 Hour
HPS systems are very economical
‘Performance to beat’
No temperature sensitivity
DRAWBACKS: System wattage when looking at energy reduction
Lamp / Ballast system
Mercury containing lamp – EPA Title 40
HPS color temperature and CRI
Not Instant-On, Instant-Off
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

10. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
Fluorescent (T8 and T5)
FEATURES: 24,000 Hour
Fluorescent systems are very economical
‘New preferred garage fixture’
Color temperature and CRI
DRAWBACKS: Temperature sensitivity
Uniformity issues (systems lack optics)
Luminaire inefficiency
Mercury containing lamp – EPA Title 40
Limited dimming
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

11. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
Fluorescent (T8)
Data taken from GE T8 Polylux Technical Data Sheet
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

12. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
Fluorescent (T5)
Data taken from GE T5 Starcoat Technical Data Sheet
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

13. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
Fluorescent (T5)
Data taken from GE T5 Starcoat Technical Data Sheet
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

14. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
LED – Solid State Lighting
FEATURES: 50,000-70,000 Hour
Low Total-Cost-of-Ownership
Low System Wattage
Excellent Color Temperature and CRI
Instant-On, Instant Off
Dimmable
DRAWBACKS: Newer Technology
LM-79, LM-80, UL, IP Rating
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

15. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
Operating parameters – Light Source Selection
Induction (Fluorescent)
FEATURES: 100,000 Hour
Low Total-Cost-of-Ownership
Good Color Temperature and CRI
Low System Wattage
DRAWBACKS: Temperature sensitivity
Lumen Depreciation
Philips QL Induction Information for Original Equipment Manufacturers, July 2007
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

16. Lighting – Three Basic Questions:
How do we operate within these parameters?
REVIEW
What is the Task? Safety and Security
Ensure Safety and Security? Proper Light Levels
Proper Light Levels? IES RP-20-98
Achieve Proper Light Levels? Model Existing Space
Modeling Accounts for? Environmental Factors
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

17. Lighting
Conclusion
QUESTIONS?
NEXT: Economic View
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

18. Lighting for Parking Structures
Evaluate two distinct areas:
1. Lighting
2. Economic View
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

19. Economics
What is the total cost of system ownership?
• Energy Efficiency: Luminaire
Controls
• Operational Efficiency: Maintenance costs
Some costs are internalized (energy reductions)
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

20. Economics
Energy Efficiency:
Luminaire: Wattage
Burn-Time
kWh Rate
Controls: Is the garage used 24/7?
Would occupancy sensors be
appropriate?
Would dimming be appropriate?
Perimeter fixtures photo-controlled?
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

21. Economics
Operational Efficiency:
Maintenance costs: Lamps per fixture
Ballast per fixture
Rated life lamp / ballast
Cost per lamp / ballast
Controls / Control cost
Maintenance Tech Labor Rate
Electrician Labor Rate
System Life
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

22. System Efficiency (ROI)
Efficiency factors are easily measured
Three Primary Components:
1. Luminaire Fixture Specific
2. Operating Conditions Operation of the light system
3. Project Specific Labor Rates, Utility Rates, Cost of
Capital, Contractor Rates (install)
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

23. System Efficiency (ROI)
Similarly to Modeling Existing Space
We collect specific client information to demonstrate “real
world” on-going expenses
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

24. System Efficiency (ROI)
Case Study-
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

25. System Efficiency (ROI)
Case Study-
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

26. System Efficiency (ROI)
Case Study-
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

27. Capabilities on
Lighting for Parking Structures
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

28. Lighting for Parking Structures
Capabilities
SUPPLY
Block Lighting, Inc. – Distributor 1992
DESIGN-BUILD
PULLER CORP – General Contractor 2010
PPEA 2002 Proposals
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

29. Lighting for Parking Structures
Capabilities
City of Virginia Beach, Virginia – June 2009
9th Street Municipal Parking Garage – 160 Units
Price per unit installed: $1184.00
Fixture Price: $1100.00
Supply Component 93%
Manufacturer – Agent – Distributor – Electrical
Contractor – General Contractor
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010

30. Lighting for Parking Structures
Capabilities
What’s Next?
Identify: Low Performing Structure
Begin: Pilot Program
Ideas on Lighting for Parking Structures – PULLER CORP Presentation with Block Lighting, Inc. © 2010