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Unit 7 A walk through history
- 3. Prehistory is the period of History that began when humans first appeared and finished when they learned to read and write.
- 4. The first humans were nomads, moving from one place to another. They hunted, fished and collected wild plants and fruit. They learned to use fire to keep warm, cook and give light at night. They wore animal skins and slept in caves.
- 5. Later, humans stopped moving around. They learned to cultivate plants and raise animals. They built larger larger villages and towns. They made clay containers to store and carry food and water.
- 6. At the end of Prehistory, they started building the first cities. They also started to exchange products. It was the beginning of trade. People made ovens to melt metals and learned to shape them to make tools and jewellery.
- 8. Ancient History is the period that began when people learned to read and write. In this period there were important civilisations around the Mediterranean Sea, like the Phoenicians, the Greeks and the Romans.
- 9. The Phoenicians and the Greeks were great merchants. They established trading centres in Spain and Portugal. The Phoenicians came to the Iberian Peninsula looking for metals. They taught the people their alphabet.
- 10. The Greeks built beautiful buildings and made beautiful sculptures. Some of the Greeks were great writers and philosophers. Democracy is a Greek word It means ‘goverment by the people’. The first Olympic Games were in Greece.
- 11. The Romans conquered many lands and made a great empire. This included the Iberian Peninsula which they called Hispania.
- 12. The Romans built roads to connect all the cities they conquered to Rome. They also built aqueducts to carry out water from the countryside to the cities. All over the Roman Empire, people used the same language, Latin.
- 13. The Middle Ages is the period of History that began in the V century. It was the time of feudal lords and castles. Because of the wars people moved from the cities into the countryside. They worked on the land and the feudal lords protected them.
- 14. The feudal lord lived in his castle. The knights defended the lord’s castle and his land. The peasants worked on the land and went into the castle for protection when necessary. This social system is called feudalism.
- 15. At the end of the Middle Ages, people began to move back into cities. They built city walls around them for protection. Merchants began to trade again and there were markets and fairs.
- 16. In the Middle Ages, the Iberian Peninsula was divided into 2 areas: In the north were small Christian kingdoms. Most people lived in villages next to the castle. In the south there was an Islamic territory called Al-Andalus. The Muslims built beautiful buildings.
- 18. The Modern Age is the period of History that began in the XV century. In this period explorers discovered almost all the lands on the Earth. The invention of a new kind of ship (the caravel) helped to make important geographical discoveries: • Cristóbal Colón dicovered America. • Magallanes and Elcano sailed around the world. This impulse international trade and the first banks were established to look after money.
- 19. There were important inventions in many other areas. The printing press was invented in the middle of the XV century. After this more and more people read books and shared ideas. There were more libraries, bookshops and new universities all over Europe.
- 20. The Contemporary Age is the period of History that began in the XVIII century and continues today. In this period there have been many discoveries and inventions that have changed the way people live. The invention of the steam engine started the Industrial Revolution. As a result there were huge changes in industry and transport.
- 21. Inventions in the area of communications, like the radio, the television and the computer, mean that we can find out what is happening all over the world as soon as events occur. These inventions bring music, art, film and other forms of culture into our homes.