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Economic & Motor Carrier
    Industry Update

        March 3, 2009

          Bob Costello
Chief Economist & Vice President
American Trucking Associations
Macroeconomic View
Worst U.S. Economy in Decades
         (Real GDP, 2000 dollars)
 8.0%
 7.0%
 6.0%
 5.0%
 4.0%
 3.0%
 2.0%
 1.0%
 0.0%
-1.0%
-2.0%
-3.0%
        1960   1965   1970   1975     1980   1985   1990   1995   2000   2005




Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
Worst U.S. Economy in Decades
        (Real GDP, 2000 dollars)
 5.0%

 4.0%

 3.0%

 2.0%

 1.0%
 0.0%

-1.0%

-2.0%
-3.0%
          2000   2001   2002   2003   2004   2005   2006   2007   2008   2009   2010   2011




Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
Fiscal Stimulus Impacts
                     (Real GDP, Annual percent change)
  3%
  2%
  1%                          Baseline   No Stimulus

  0%
 -1%
 -2%
 -3%
 -4%
                    2008                 2009            2010
Source: IHS Global Insight and ATA
U.S. Economic Growth Slips
          Well Below Potential

         (Real GDP, Annual percent change, 2000 dollars)
    8                                                 Forecast Starts
                                                      with Q1 2009
    6
    4
    2
    0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8
        2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
Broad-based Recession
        (Real GDP, 2000 dollars)

                      Total Consumption              Nonresidential Fixed Investment
                      Residential Fixed Investment   Exports
                      Imports                        Federal Government
 10.0%                State & Local Government

  5.0%

  0.0%

 -5.0%

-10.0%

-15.0%

-20.0%

-25.0%
                          2008                               2009

Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
Inflation No Longer a Concern, but
         Deflation is the New Threat
         (Consumer Prices)
   4%

   3%

   2%

   1%

   0%

  -1%

  -2%
                                                      First annual drop since 1955
  -3%
          2001   2002   2003   2004   2005   2006   2007   2008   2009    2010   2011

Sources: IHS Global Insight, Department of Labor, and ATA
Interest Rates to Remain Low in
        2009
       (Average Quarterly Data; Percentage)
   8

   7

   6

   5

   4

   3

   2

   1

   0
    2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
                   Fed Funds Rate     30-year Mortgage
Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
Consumer Outlook:

 Many Headwinds
U.S. Employment
                      Millions; Seasonally Adjusted
  139                     Through January 2009


  137
                 Unemployment rate will reach 10%
                 before the labor market improves.
  135

  133                                                       2008 was the largest
                                                            drop since 1946.

  131

  129
        2000   2001   2002    2003   2004    2005    2006      2007    2008

Sources: Department of Labor and ATA
Fiscal Stimulus Impacts
           (Cumulative job losses from the peak, millions)
 0
-1
-2
                                        Baseline      No Stimulus
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
   Q4:07 Q1:08 Q2:08 Q3:08 Q4:08 Q1:09 Q2:09 Q3:09 Q4:09 Q1:10 Q2:10 Q3:10 Q4:10
Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
U.S. Unemployment Rate
   Percent

  10
   9
   8
   7
   6
   5
   4
   3
   2
   1
   0
         2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Sources: Department of Labor, ATA, IHS Global Insight
Housing Price Index
                                                 Average Annual Growth Rate: -8.5%
200                                                        2006 – 2008



175

150

125

100

 75

 50
      1987   1989   1991   1993   1995   1997   1999   2001   2003   2005   2007

Sources: S&P/Case-Shiller National Index and ATA
U.S. Housing Starts
      (Millions of Units)



                                            466,000 in January 2009
  2




  1




  0
      2001       2003       2005     2007        2009        2011


Sources: IHS Global Insight, Department of Commerce, and ATA
Household Debt Service Ratio
             Percentage of Disposable Personal Income
15.0


14.0


13.0


12.0


11.0


10.0
     1980   1983   1986   1989   1992   1995   1998   2001   2004   2007

Sources: Federal Reserve and ATA
Consumer Spending on Durables
      Is Hit Hard in This Recession
      (Percent change, chained 2000 dollars)

   Fact: Households have lost $8 trillion of their net worth since the summer of 2007,
   which is enough to reduce consumer spending by $400 billion, or 4%.

  7
  5
  3
  1
 -1
 -3
 -5
 -7
      2001          2003           2005          2007           2009          2011

                  Durable Goods                     Nondurable Goods
Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
Industrial Outlook
Industrial Production
        (Includes Manufacturing, Mining, and Utilities; Percent Change)

    6

    4

    2

    0

   -2
   -4

   -6
   -8

  -10
         2001       2003      2005       2007       2009       2011

Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
U.S. Manufacturing Production
                  Through January 2009; 2000 = 100
  115.0

  110.0

  105.0                                                      Already a 13.0%
                                                             drop peak-to-trough
                                                             with more to come


  100.0
                        6.8% drop peak-to-trough
    95.0

    90.0
           1998     2000         2002              2004   2006         2008

Sources: Federal Reserve Board and ATA
Light Vehicle Sales
       (Millions of Units)

  18


  16


  14


  12


  10
       2001        2003      2005     2007   2009   2011


Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
Total Business Inventories-to-
                        Inventories-to-
         Sales Ratio
  1.6      (Includes retail, wholesale, and manufacturing; Through December 2008)



                                            Inventories are bloated
  1.5


  1.4


  1.3


  1.2
        1992   1994      1996      1998     2000      2002      2004     2006       2008

Sources: Department of Commerce and ATA
U.S. Trucking Industry
ATA’s For-Hire Truck Tonnage
              For-
                   Index
125                      Seasonally Adjusted; 2000 = 100

                              Through January 2009
120

115

110

105
                                                                     Already a 13.4%
                                                                     drop peak-to-trough
100                                                                  with more to come



              9.3% drop peak-to-trough
 95
      1999    2000     2001     2002     2003   2004   2005   2006   2007     2008     2009
Source: ATA
For-
           For-hire Trucking Employment
                       Millions; Seasonally Adjusted
  1.46                    Through January 2009

  1.44
  1.42
  1.40
  1.38
  1.36                                              Employment fell
                                                    75,000 in 2008 and
  1.34                                              25,000 in January
                                                    2009 alone.
  1.32
  1.30
         2000   2001    2002   2003   2004   2005   2006   2007    2008

Sources: Department of Labor and ATA
ATA’s For-Hire TL Loads Index
              For-
125              Seasonally Adjusted; 2000 = 100

120               Through December 2008

115

110

105

100
                                    Largest six-month drop since ATA
                                    began collecting the data in 1993:
 95                                 -23.2%

 90
      1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Source: ATA
ATA’s For-Hire TL Dry Van Loads
            For-
                   Index
                Seasonally Adjusted; 2000 = 100
120
                                    Through December 2008
115
110

105
100

95
90

85
80
    1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
 Source: ATA
ATA’s For-Hire TL Refrigerated
               For-
                  Loads Index
125               Seasonally Adjusted; 2000 = 100

120
115
                           Through December 2008
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
      1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
 Source: ATA
ATA’s For-Hire TL Flatbed Loads
              For-
                     Index
140               Seasonally Adjusted; 2000 = 100



130

120

110

100
                                    Through December 2008
90

80
      1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
 Source: ATA
ATA’s For-Hire TL Tank Loads
              For-
                   Index
160              Seasonally Adjusted; 2000 = 100


150

140                  Through December 2008

130

120

110

100

 90
      1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Source: ATA
Cumulative Decrease in Loads July
              2008 through December 2008
    0%
   -5%
                                                             Reefer
 -10%
 -15%
 -20%
 -25%                                    Dry Van
                          Tank
 -30%                                              Flatbed

 -35%
Source: ATA’s Trucking Activity Report
Cumulative Decrease in Loads July
             2008 through December 2008
    0%
   -5%
 -10%
 -15%
 -20%
                                         Med-Haul

 -25%                      Short-Haul


 -30%
                                                    Long-Haul
 -35%
Source: ATA’s Trucking Activity Report
ATA’s For-Hire Truck Revenue
               For-
                    Index
150

140           2000=100; Through December 2008


130

120

110

100

90
 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Source: ATA
Truck capacity will
 tighten once a recovery
  commences, but until
then it will be difficult for
          fleets.
Truckload Demand vs Supply
                       Through December 2008; 2000 = 100

 120                                                        175
              Demand: ATA’s For-Hire TL
                             For-
               Loads Index (left scale)                     165
 115
                                                            155
 110
                                                            145
 105                                                        135
                                                            125
 100
                              Supply: ATA’s For-Hire TL
                                             For-
                                                            115
    95                        Tractor Index (right scale)
                                                            105
    90                                                      95
         2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Source: ATA’s Trucking Activity Report
Trucking Failures

 1,400
 1,200                                      Failures only includes fleets
                                            with at least five trucks
 1,000
   800
   600
   400
   200
           Q1 00



                   Q1 01



                           Q1 02



                                   Q1 03


                                               Q1 04



                                                       Q1 05



                                                               Q1 06


                                                                       Q1 07


                                                                               Q1 08
                                           Trucking Failures
Source: Avondale Partners, LLC
Net Change in TL Fleet

   1%

   0%
                                                 -0.4%
 -1%

 -2%

                          -2.6%
 -3%
                          2007                   2008
Source: ATA’s Trucking Activity Report
U.S. Used Class 8 Tractor Exports
  25,000


  20,000                                Nigeria



                                       Russia
  15,000
                        Rest of the World


  10,000


   5,000


         0
                2004       2005             2006   2007   2008
Source: US Trade Data
In the long-run, trucking
       long-
capacity will remain tight
    due to the driver
        shortage.
Line-
                 Line-Haul Driver Turnover
 140%                             Annualized Rates

 120%             113%

 100%                                    87%
                                                     Q3:2007
   80%
                           65%
                                               58%   Q3:2008
   60%
   40%
   20%                                               9%   9%

      0%
                   Large TL              Small TL     LTL
Source: ATA’s Trucking Activity Report
Energy Price
  Outlook
On-
                    On-Highway Diesel Prices
                                Price Per Gallon
                                                   Record: $4.76
 $4.90                                              (07/14/08)
 $4.40
 $3.90
 $3.40
 $2.90
 $2.40
 $1.90
                                                                   $2.13
 $1.40                                                          (02/23/09)

 $0.90
          Jan-94   Jan-96   Jan-98   Jan-00   Jan-02   Jan-04   Jan-06   Jan-08
Source: Energy Information Administration
Crude Oil Prices
                             WTI, US$ per Barrel
$110
$100
 $90
 $80
 $70
 $60
 $50
 $40
 $30
 $20
 $10
  $0
          2000    2002   2004   2006   2008   2010   2012   2014   2016   2018

Source: IHS Global Insight
Retail Diesel Prices
                              US$ per Gallon
$4.50
$4.00
$3.50
$3.00
$2.50
$2.00
$1.50
$1.00
$0.50
$0.00
           2000   2002    2004     2006   2008   2010   2012   2014   2016   2018

Source: IHS Global Insight & ATA
Thanks!

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Economic & Motor Carrier Industry Update: Worst Economy in Decades

  • 1. Economic & Motor Carrier Industry Update March 3, 2009 Bob Costello Chief Economist & Vice President American Trucking Associations
  • 3. Worst U.S. Economy in Decades (Real GDP, 2000 dollars) 8.0% 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% -1.0% -2.0% -3.0% 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
  • 4. Worst U.S. Economy in Decades (Real GDP, 2000 dollars) 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% -1.0% -2.0% -3.0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
  • 5. Fiscal Stimulus Impacts (Real GDP, Annual percent change) 3% 2% 1% Baseline No Stimulus 0% -1% -2% -3% -4% 2008 2009 2010 Source: IHS Global Insight and ATA
  • 6. U.S. Economic Growth Slips Well Below Potential (Real GDP, Annual percent change, 2000 dollars) 8 Forecast Starts with Q1 2009 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
  • 7. Broad-based Recession (Real GDP, 2000 dollars) Total Consumption Nonresidential Fixed Investment Residential Fixed Investment Exports Imports Federal Government 10.0% State & Local Government 5.0% 0.0% -5.0% -10.0% -15.0% -20.0% -25.0% 2008 2009 Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
  • 8. Inflation No Longer a Concern, but Deflation is the New Threat (Consumer Prices) 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% -1% -2% First annual drop since 1955 -3% 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Sources: IHS Global Insight, Department of Labor, and ATA
  • 9. Interest Rates to Remain Low in 2009 (Average Quarterly Data; Percentage) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Fed Funds Rate 30-year Mortgage Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
  • 11. U.S. Employment Millions; Seasonally Adjusted 139 Through January 2009 137 Unemployment rate will reach 10% before the labor market improves. 135 133 2008 was the largest drop since 1946. 131 129 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Sources: Department of Labor and ATA
  • 12. Fiscal Stimulus Impacts (Cumulative job losses from the peak, millions) 0 -1 -2 Baseline No Stimulus -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 Q4:07 Q1:08 Q2:08 Q3:08 Q4:08 Q1:09 Q2:09 Q3:09 Q4:09 Q1:10 Q2:10 Q3:10 Q4:10 Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
  • 13. U.S. Unemployment Rate Percent 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Sources: Department of Labor, ATA, IHS Global Insight
  • 14. Housing Price Index Average Annual Growth Rate: -8.5% 200 2006 – 2008 175 150 125 100 75 50 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 Sources: S&P/Case-Shiller National Index and ATA
  • 15. U.S. Housing Starts (Millions of Units) 466,000 in January 2009 2 1 0 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Sources: IHS Global Insight, Department of Commerce, and ATA
  • 16. Household Debt Service Ratio Percentage of Disposable Personal Income 15.0 14.0 13.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 Sources: Federal Reserve and ATA
  • 17. Consumer Spending on Durables Is Hit Hard in This Recession (Percent change, chained 2000 dollars) Fact: Households have lost $8 trillion of their net worth since the summer of 2007, which is enough to reduce consumer spending by $400 billion, or 4%. 7 5 3 1 -1 -3 -5 -7 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Durable Goods Nondurable Goods Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
  • 19. Industrial Production (Includes Manufacturing, Mining, and Utilities; Percent Change) 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
  • 20. U.S. Manufacturing Production Through January 2009; 2000 = 100 115.0 110.0 105.0 Already a 13.0% drop peak-to-trough with more to come 100.0 6.8% drop peak-to-trough 95.0 90.0 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Sources: Federal Reserve Board and ATA
  • 21. Light Vehicle Sales (Millions of Units) 18 16 14 12 10 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Sources: IHS Global Insight and ATA
  • 22. Total Business Inventories-to- Inventories-to- Sales Ratio 1.6 (Includes retail, wholesale, and manufacturing; Through December 2008) Inventories are bloated 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Sources: Department of Commerce and ATA
  • 24. ATA’s For-Hire Truck Tonnage For- Index 125 Seasonally Adjusted; 2000 = 100 Through January 2009 120 115 110 105 Already a 13.4% drop peak-to-trough 100 with more to come 9.3% drop peak-to-trough 95 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Source: ATA
  • 25. For- For-hire Trucking Employment Millions; Seasonally Adjusted 1.46 Through January 2009 1.44 1.42 1.40 1.38 1.36 Employment fell 75,000 in 2008 and 1.34 25,000 in January 2009 alone. 1.32 1.30 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Sources: Department of Labor and ATA
  • 26. ATA’s For-Hire TL Loads Index For- 125 Seasonally Adjusted; 2000 = 100 120 Through December 2008 115 110 105 100 Largest six-month drop since ATA began collecting the data in 1993: 95 -23.2% 90 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: ATA
  • 27. ATA’s For-Hire TL Dry Van Loads For- Index Seasonally Adjusted; 2000 = 100 120 Through December 2008 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: ATA
  • 28. ATA’s For-Hire TL Refrigerated For- Loads Index 125 Seasonally Adjusted; 2000 = 100 120 115 Through December 2008 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: ATA
  • 29. ATA’s For-Hire TL Flatbed Loads For- Index 140 Seasonally Adjusted; 2000 = 100 130 120 110 100 Through December 2008 90 80 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: ATA
  • 30. ATA’s For-Hire TL Tank Loads For- Index 160 Seasonally Adjusted; 2000 = 100 150 140 Through December 2008 130 120 110 100 90 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: ATA
  • 31. Cumulative Decrease in Loads July 2008 through December 2008 0% -5% Reefer -10% -15% -20% -25% Dry Van Tank -30% Flatbed -35% Source: ATA’s Trucking Activity Report
  • 32. Cumulative Decrease in Loads July 2008 through December 2008 0% -5% -10% -15% -20% Med-Haul -25% Short-Haul -30% Long-Haul -35% Source: ATA’s Trucking Activity Report
  • 33. ATA’s For-Hire Truck Revenue For- Index 150 140 2000=100; Through December 2008 130 120 110 100 90 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: ATA
  • 34. Truck capacity will tighten once a recovery commences, but until then it will be difficult for fleets.
  • 35. Truckload Demand vs Supply Through December 2008; 2000 = 100 120 175 Demand: ATA’s For-Hire TL For- Loads Index (left scale) 165 115 155 110 145 105 135 125 100 Supply: ATA’s For-Hire TL For- 115 95 Tractor Index (right scale) 105 90 95 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: ATA’s Trucking Activity Report
  • 36. Trucking Failures 1,400 1,200 Failures only includes fleets with at least five trucks 1,000 800 600 400 200 Q1 00 Q1 01 Q1 02 Q1 03 Q1 04 Q1 05 Q1 06 Q1 07 Q1 08 Trucking Failures Source: Avondale Partners, LLC
  • 37. Net Change in TL Fleet 1% 0% -0.4% -1% -2% -2.6% -3% 2007 2008 Source: ATA’s Trucking Activity Report
  • 38. U.S. Used Class 8 Tractor Exports 25,000 20,000 Nigeria Russia 15,000 Rest of the World 10,000 5,000 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: US Trade Data
  • 39. In the long-run, trucking long- capacity will remain tight due to the driver shortage.
  • 40. Line- Line-Haul Driver Turnover 140% Annualized Rates 120% 113% 100% 87% Q3:2007 80% 65% 58% Q3:2008 60% 40% 20% 9% 9% 0% Large TL Small TL LTL Source: ATA’s Trucking Activity Report
  • 41. Energy Price Outlook
  • 42. On- On-Highway Diesel Prices Price Per Gallon Record: $4.76 $4.90 (07/14/08) $4.40 $3.90 $3.40 $2.90 $2.40 $1.90 $2.13 $1.40 (02/23/09) $0.90 Jan-94 Jan-96 Jan-98 Jan-00 Jan-02 Jan-04 Jan-06 Jan-08 Source: Energy Information Administration
  • 43. Crude Oil Prices WTI, US$ per Barrel $110 $100 $90 $80 $70 $60 $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 $0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Source: IHS Global Insight
  • 44. Retail Diesel Prices US$ per Gallon $4.50 $4.00 $3.50 $3.00 $2.50 $2.00 $1.50 $1.00 $0.50 $0.00 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Source: IHS Global Insight & ATA