This PPT file is basic knowledge of Mango Cultivation

1. Production Technology of
Mango
By Bhupendra Patel

2. • Scientific Name : Mangifera indica
• Common Names : Mango
• Family : Anacardiaceae
• Origin : Indo burma
• Importance
– The king of fruit
– India is the largest producer of mango
– It is grown in india over 40 years.
– India shares about 56% total mango production in world
– Andhra Pradesh tops in total production whereas Uttar
Pradesh tops in area- wise.

3. Indian Mango Varieties By States

4. • Area : 2315 ha
• Production : 20899 MT
• Productivity : 9.02 MT
• Highest Area (State) : Uttar Pradesh
• Highest Production (State) : Andhra pradesh

5. • Chromosome number : 2n=40
• Fruit type : Drupe
• Inflorescence type : Panicles
• Edible part : Mesocarp
• Other features:
– Mango is the richest source of Vitamin A
– Mango is low in coalories yet high in nutrient -particularly
vitamin c,which aids immunity,iron absorption and cell
growth and repair

6. Climate Requirement
• Tropical fruit
• It can be grown from sea level to an altitude of about 1400 m.
• The optimum temperature range is 24°c to 27°c
• However, it can tolerate up to 48°c during fruit development
with regular irrigations
• Low temperatures (13°C-19°C) are good for flower bud
differentiation.
• It can be grown in areas with rainfall from 25cm to 250cm per
annum
• There should not be high humidity, rain or frost during
flowering

7. Soil Requirement
• Mango grows in all type of soils with good depth and drainage
except black cotton soils.
• Soil pH 5.5-7.0
• It grows well in soils with slightly acidic pH.
• It does not perform well in soils having pH beyond 7.5.
• Soils having good drainage are ideal for mango.
• Soil should be free from hardpan and skicky clay.

8. Varieties/ Cultivars
Major Commercial mango varieties grown in different states
State Varieties
Uttar Pradesh Bombay Green, Chausa, Dashehari, Langra, Lucknow Safeda,
Rataul, Ramkela, Amrapali, Mallika, Dashehari-35 and Dashehari -
51
Bihar Bombay Green, Chausa, Dashehari, Langra, Amrapali, Fazli,
Gulabkhas, Kishen Bhog. Himsagar, Mithua, Zardalu, Sepia and
Shukul
Gujarat Kesar, Alphonso, Rajapuri, Vanraj, Zamadar, Totapuri and Neelam
Madhya
Pradesh
Alphonso, Bombay Green, Dashehari, Langra, Mallika, Sunderja,
Neelam and Vanraj
Punjab Chausa, Dashehari and Langra
Haryana Amrapali, Bombay Green, Dashehari, Langra and Fazli
Rajasthan Bombay Green, Chausa, Dashehari, Langra, Raj Bhog, Kesar,
Amrapali and Mallika
Maharashtra Alphonso, Kesar, Ratana, Sindhu, Vanraj and Pairi

9. MOST PROMISING VARIETIES
Variety Salient feature
Dashehari Tree medium, moderately vigorous and spreading. Bearing mid season
heavy and alternate. The fruit size is small to medium, Fruit quality is
excellent and keeping quality is medium to good (6-10 days). It is a mid
season variety and is mainly used for table purpose.
Langra Tree tall and spreading, bearing medium and biennial, pulp firm, lemon
yellow, Fruit is of medium size and lettuce green colour. Fruit quality is
good but keeping quality is poor (5 days). It is a mid season variety.
Mallika Tree semi -vigorous to vigorous, moderately spreading. Bearing regularly,
Peel thick, apricot yellow, pulp firm golden yellow fibreless. Fruit quality
superb with excellent sugar/acid blend, keeping quality good.
Kesar This is a leading variety of Gujarat with a red blush on the shoulders.
Biennial bearing, Fruit size is medium to large, shape oblong and keeping
quality is good. It is an early season variety.
Bombay
Green
Tree large, moderately vigorous and spreading. Bearing early , medium and
biennial. early season variety. Fruit medium size, keeping quality is poor to
medium (4-5 days).
Amrapali Tree small to relative dwarf, medium spreading, bearing regular and prolific,
Contain high carotenoid content 16830 mg/100 g pulp.

10. Propagation
• Asexual methods and sexual methods
• Mango can be popagated by stone grafting, veneer grafting,
softwood grafting, inarching and saddle grafting methods.
• However stone grafting is most popular and successful method
of mango propagation.
• Mango is commercially propagated by Veneer grafting.
• June to Sept/Oct is best for grafting.
• Polyembryonic seedlings are best in providing uniform root
stocks

11. Planting and Spacing
• The planting method of square, rectangular and hexagonal are
followed at different places.
• However, square and rectangular systems are also popular
• Pit size :- 90x90x90cm
• Spacing :- 8-10m.and then filled with well decomposed FYM.
• Planting is done during rainy season;
• Before planting, pits are filled with well-rotten farmyard manure
• Soil drenching with paclobutrazol (2 ml/tree) induces flowering
during off year
• After planting staking should be given for support and watering
have to be given soon after planting

12. Nutrient Management
Age of
plant
N (g) P (g) K (g) FYM (kg)
1 100 50 100 10
2 200 100 200 20
3 300 150 300 30
4 onwards 400 200 400 40

13. Irrigation/ Water management
• Irrigation during preflowering phase increases floweringr
• Irrigation should be given according to the soil and weather
conditionsl.
• Bearing trees need to be irrigated regularly at 10-15 days
interval from fruit set to maturity.
• Irrigating grown-up trees after fruit set at 10-day interval
increases the yield..
• Method usually followed to irrigating mango plant is basin
irrigation.
• Drip irrigation will not only reduce the water requirement but
also help in fertigation in root zone of plant.
• Through drip irrigation the tree may be given @ 40 litres/tree
twice a week

14. Training and Pruning
• Training is an important practice during the first few years after
planting
• Mango needs no regular pruning except removing dead and
diseased branches. .
• Young plants should be trained properly to get good
framework.
• It is essential to space the branches properly to facilitate
intercultural operations.

15. Cultural Operations and Use of PGRs
• The problem of fruit drop in mango can be controlled by
hormones sprays like 2,4-D (10-30ppm) NAA(5-50ppm)
• Mulching can be done with straw mulch especially effective
against spongy tissue.
• Flowers are polygamous-sex ratio can be improved by
application of NAA 200ppm at flower bud initiation staget.
• Ethrel versatile plant growth regulator which improve
colouration and accelerate uniform ripening of mango can be
deployed in specific uses like defoliation in breaking alternate
bearing in mango

16. Harvesting and Yield
• Starting of Colour development
• Mangoes should be harvested with pedicel
• Falling of one or two fruits from the plant.
• Mango normally takes 90-120 days from fruit set to maturity.
• Harvesting is done using pole harvesters without causing any
damage to the fruit.
• Grafted plant start fruit bearing at the age of 4 to 5years
• `yields may be expexted after 8-10 years of planting and may
continue up to 40-60 years
• An average mango tree yields 8tonnes /ha depand upon variety
and locality

17. Major diseases
• Sooty mould:- Capnodium mangiferae
• Black encrustation is formed
which affect the photosynthetic
activity.
• The fungi produce mycelium, which is
superficial and dark. These growths take
place on sugary secretions made by the plant
hoppers, jassids, aphids and scale insects
Management: –
• Controlling the insects by spraying systemic
insecticides like monocrotophos or methyl
dematon 0.2% or 2 ml/l.

18. Major diseases
• Red-rust:-Cephaleuros virescens
• Caused by algal attack foliage and young
twigs.
• Rusty spots appear on leaves, initially
circular, slightly elevated, coalesce to form
irregular spots
• The spores mature fall off and leave cream to
white velvet texture on the leaf surface
Management: –
• Spray Bordeaux mixture (0.6%) or copper
oxychloride (0.25%).

19. Major diseases
Powdery mildew :-Oidium
mangiferae
• It attacks theleaves, flowers,panicle stalks
andfruits
• Shedding ofinfected leaves occurs when the
disease is severe
• The affected fruits do not grow in size, turn dark
and then drop before attaining pea size
Management: –
• Dusting the plants with sulphur powder (250-300
mesh) at the rate of 0.5 kg/ tree.
• The first application may be soon after flowering,
second 15 days later (or) spray with wettable

20. Major diseases
Anthracnose :-Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides
• Produces brown to dark brown leaf spots,blossom
blight, wither tip, twigs blight and fruit rot.
• Small blister like spots develop on the leave and
twigs. Young leaves wither and dry.
• Infected fruits drop.
Management: –
• Spray Psuedomonas fluorescens at three weeks
interval from March @ 5 g/ l on flower branches
• About 5-7 sprays one to be given on flowers and
bunches.
• After harvest the fruits are treated with hot water

21. Major Pest
Nut weevil :-Cryptorrhynchus mangiferae
Symptoms of damage:
• Fruit droping at marble stage and injuries on
marble size fruit
• Grub makes zigzag tunnels in pulp
Management:
• Collect and destroy the fallen fruits
• General cleanliness in orchard, destroying
the adults in the bark crevices and holes and
spraying with Fenthion 100EC 1ml/1(first at
marble stage fruit and second 15 days
intervel)

22. Major Pest
Mealy bug: Drosicha mangiferae
Symptoms of damage:
• Drying of leaves and inflorescene
• Presence of pinksh bnymphs and adult mealy
bugs fruit and fruit stalk
Management:
• Remove weeds like Clerodendum
inflortunatum and grasses by ploughing
during june- july
• Stem with jute thread and apply a littel mud
of fruit tree grease on lower edge of the band.
• Release Cryptolaemous montrouzieri beetles
@ 10/tree

23. Major Pest
Mango hoppers: Amaritodus atkinsoni
Symptoms of damage
• Nymphs and adult sucks the sap of infloroscence
• Withering
• Shedding of flower buds and flower
• Hoppers provide shelter in the crack and crevices of the bark on the tree
Management
• Avoid close planting and cleaniness should be done and removal of weed
• Spray phosalone @ 0.05% or carbaryl 2 g/ lit or phosphamidon 1 m1/litre.

24. Major Disorders
• MANGO MALFORMATION
• Two types: Vegetative and floral malformation
• Secondry branches are transformed into number
of small leaves giving a witches become
appearance
• It may result in loss of about 50-60% crop
• BLACK TIP
• The distal end of fruit become black and hard.
• Due to polluted atmosphere with smoke, carbon
monoxide,carbondioxide,sulphurdioxide,acetylen
e
• Spraying with Borax @ 0.6% from fruit set at 10-
15 days intervals

25. Major Disorders
• CLUSTERING (Jhumka)
• It implies the developmnet of fruit in cluster at the tip
of the panicle.
• Such fruit cannot grow beyond pea or marble stage
and drop down after a month of fruit set.
• adverse climate during February-March, particularly
the low temperature
• SPONGY TISSUE
• Fruit appears normal extremely but contains yellowish
• Sour spongy tissue inside high temperature
• Convertive heat and exposing to sunlight after harvest
are supposed to be the cause.
• Mulching in the orchard and harvesting fruits at 3/4th
mature stage only.