In this slide indicate that, unbalance of Ecosystem and suddenly change environment due to Soil , Air & Water pollution then we go to harmful dangerous condition for survival on earth of different biological agent .in condition we are how can reduce ecological pollution their monitoring and management it.

1. MASTER SEMINAR ON
“EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON SOIL, AIR
AND WATER QUALITY AND THEIR
CONTROL MEASURES’’
Presented by
BHOLE SHANKAR PAIKARA
Soil Science & Agricultural chemistry

2. CONTENT
• POLLUTION
• SOIL POLLUTION, CAUSE,EFFECT & CONTROL MEASURES
• AIR POLLUTION ,CAUSE,EFFECT & CONTROL MEASURES
• WATER POLLUTION ,CAUSE,EFFECT & CONTROL
MEASURES

3. POLLUTION
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that
cause adverse change.
Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat
or light.
Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies
or naturally occurring contaminants.
Forms of Pollution
Air pollution
Noise pollution
Soil pollution
Thermal pollution
Water pollution
Plastic pollution
Radioactive contamination
Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/pollution.html

4. SOIL POLLUTION
SOIL
Soil is the natural medium for the growth of plants.
Soil has also been defined as a natural body consisting of layers (soil horizons) that
are composed of weathered mineral materials, organic material, air and water. Soil
is the end product of the combined influence of climate, topography, organisms
(flora, fauna and human) on parent materials (original rocks and minerals) over
time. As a result soil differs from its parent material in texture, structure,
consistency, color, chemical, biological and physical characteristics.
According to FAO
Soil Pollution
The Soil Pollution is defined as the presence of materials in the soil which are
harmful to the living beings when they cross their threshold concentration levels.
Source : http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/about/all-definitions/en/

5. Source of Soil Pollution
Acid rain
Excess application of
pesticide and fertilizer
Disposal of Industrial
waste
Urban solid waste

6.  BIOLOGICALAGENTS
• The major sources of biological agents
causing soil pollution are human excreta,
animals and birds excreta, municipal wastes,
faulty sanitation.
• The industrial parasites are
among the most threatening
biological agents,
 HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS
• Heavy metal in soil are basically due to industrial discharge.
• E.g.. Zn,Cu,Ni,Cd,As and Pb are also present in significant levels in
sewage sludge and reach the soil where they become part of life cycle
and affects adversely.

7. Environmental Quality Standards for Soil Pollution
Substance Target level of soil quality examined through leaching
and content tests
cadmium 0.01 mg/l in sample solution and less than 0.4mg/kg in rice for agricultural
land
lead 0.01 mg/l or less in sample solution
chromium (VI) 0.05 mg/l or less in sample solution
arsenic 0.01 mg/l or less in sample solution, and less than 15 mg/kg in soil for
agricultural land (paddy fields only)
total mercury 0.0005 mg/l or less in sample solution
copper less than 125 mg/kg in soil for agricultural land (paddy fields only)
dichloromethane 0.02 mg/l or less in sample solution
carbon tetrachloride 0.002 mg/l or less in sample solution
thiuram 0.006 mg/l or less in sample solution
simazine 0.003 mg/l or less in sample solution
benzene 0.01 mg/l or less in sample solution
selenium 0.01 mg/l or less in sample solution
source;https://www.env.go.jp/en/water/soil/sp.html

8. SOIL QUALITY PARAMETER

9. Phytoremediation
Phytoremediation is the use of living green plants for in situ risk reduction and/or
removal of contaminants from contaminated soil, water, sediments, and air.
METHODS OF PHYTOREMEDIATION
Phytovolatilization
Phytodegradation
Phytostabilisation
Phytoextraction
(Phytoaccumulation)
Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences
Online ISSN 2277-1808 Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci. Volume 2 [2] January 2013: 52- 63 © 2012, Academy for Environment and
Life Sciences, India Website: www.bepls.com

10. Best Plants For Phytoremediation
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) White Willow (Salix species)
Poplar tree (Populus deltoids)Indian grass
(Sorghastrum nutans)
Sunflower
(Helianthus Annuus L.)
https://landarchs.com/5-best-plants-for-phytoremediation

11. Bio remediation of Soil Pollution
• Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi & plants to break down of chemical
compounds that have accumulated in the environment
Pseudomonas fluorescens
HCN → CO2 + NH2
• It is a method that treats the soils and renders them non-hazardous, thus eliminating
any future liability that may result from landfill problems or violations.
Source https://www.google.co.in/search?q=bioremediation+of+soil+pollution&source

12. Control of Soil Pollution
3 Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
• Reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide use:
• Applying bio-fertilizers and manures can reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.
• Biological methods of pest control
• Reusing of materials:
• Materials such as glass containers, plastic bags, paper, cloth etc. can be reused at domestic
levels rather than being disposed, reducing solid waste pollution.
• Recycling and recovery of materials:
• Materials such as paper, some kinds of plastics and glass can and are being recycled. This
decreases the volume of refuse and helps in the conservation of natural resources.
• For example, recovery of one tons of paper can save 17 trees.

13. • Reforesting:
• Control of land loss and soil erosion can be attempted through restoring
forest and grass cover to check wastelands, soil erosion and floods. Crop
rotation or mixed cropping can improve the fertility of the land.
• Some other methods using in control of soil pollution
1. Use of pesticides should be minimized.
2. Use of fertilizers should be judicious.
3. Cropping techniques should be improved to prevent growth of weeds.
4. Special pits should be selected for dumping wastes.
5. Controlled grazing and forest management.
6. Wind breaks and wind shield in areas exposed to wind erosion
7. Planning of soil binding grasses along banks and slopes prone to rapid
erosion.
8. Afforestation and reforestation.
Application of organic manures, sludge and sewages in field for minimize
of heavy metal presence in soil.

14. Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance
Constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of
most living organisms.
Water

15. Water Pollution
• Water pollution is contamination of water bodies .
This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or
indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful
compounds.
• Water pollution occurs when energy and other materials are released into the water,
contaminating the quality of it for other users.

17. Types of Water Pollution
1. Surface water pollution
Found on the exterior of the earth’s
crust ,oceans , rivers and lakes
2. Groundwater pollution
In agriculture sector, used of highly
amount of fertilizer, Pesticides heavy
matal Cd, Pb,Zn Ni are leachable by
heavy rainfall,water logged condition &
high irrigation.

18. Thermal Pollution
• Thermal pollution is the rise or fall in
the temperature of a natural body of
water caused by human influence.
• Elevated water temperatures
decrease oxygen levels, which can kill
fish and alter food chain composition,
reduce species biodiversity, and foster
invasion by new thermophilic species.
Eutrofication
Refers to the bloom or great increase
of phytoplankton in a water body due
to the addition of nitrates or
Phosphates from fertilizers or sewage.
Effect of Thermal Pollution

19. Water Quality Indicators
Physical indicators Chemical indicators Biological indicators
•Water temperature
•Specific conductance or
electrical conductance (EC)
•Total suspended solids
(TSS)
•Turbidity
•Total dissolved solids
(TDS)
•Odour of water
•Color of water
•Taste of water
•pH
•Biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD)
•Chemical oxygen
demand
(COD)
•Dissolved oxygen (DO)
•Total hardness (TH)
•Heavy metals
•Nitrate
•Orthophosphates
•Pesticides
•Surfactants
•Biological integrity and
Index of biological
integrity
•Ephemeroptera
•Plecoptera
•Mollusca
•Trichoptera
Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_quality

20. Water Quality Standards
Parameter Concentration (mg/L)
Alkalinity (as CaCO3) 50-300
Ammonia (NH3-N unionized) <0.0125 (Salmonids)
Ammonia (TAN) Cool-water fish <1.0
Ammonia (TAN) Warm-water fish <3.0
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Tolerant Species (tilapia) <60
Sensitive Species (salmonids) <20
Parameter Concentration (mg/L)
Oxygen Dissolved (DO) >5
> 90 mm Hg partial
pressure
Ozone (O3) <0.005
pH 6.5-8.5
Salinity <0.5 to 1
Total dissolved solids (TDS) <400
Total suspended solids (TSS) <80
Parameter Concentration (mg/L)
Hardness, Total (as CaCO3) >100
Iron (Fe) <0.15
Nitrogen (N2) <110% total gas pressure
<103 % as nitrogen gas
Nitrite (NO2) <1, 0.1 in soft water
Nitrate (NO3) 0-400 or higher
Source https://www.google.co.in/search?q=water+quality+standards&source

21. Aquatic Plants for removal of pollutants (Pb, Cu,
Cd, Fe, Hg and Cr) from leather industries
• Hydrilla verticillata;Spirodela polyrrhiza; Bacopa monnierii; Phragmites
karka; Scirpus lacustris; Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes);
Pennywarth (Hydrocotyle umbellate; Duck weed (Lemna minor; Water
velvet (Azolla pinnata)
Hydrilla verticillataWater velvet (Azolla pinnata)
Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences
Online ISSN 2277-1808 Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci. Volume 2 [2] January 2013: 52- 63 © 2012, Academy for
Environment and Life Sciences, India Website: www.bepls.com

22. Purifier of waste water
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_treatment
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Tw-Z/Wastewater-Treatment-and-Management.html
http://www.unitedwater.com/wastewtr.htm

23. Sewage water treatment is the process of
removing pollutants from waste water

24. How to Control Water Pollution?
1. Keep out fat, grease, or oils from your sink.
2. Do not flush contaminated drugs, liquids, medications, or pills down the drain.
3. Use detergents or bleach minimally.
4. Reduce the usage of pesticides, fertilizers, and herbicides.
5. Ensure proper sewage management and treatment.
6. Do dot dump into any water system directly.
7. Always use environmentally friendly products.
8. Plant trees to reduce the speed of the surface water.
9. Use super energy saving washing machines.
10.Opt for reusable and recyclable options.
11. Avoid the use of plastics.
12. Dispose batteries, antifreeze, and motor oil at specific collection points.

25. AIR POLLUTION

26. Air pollution
• Air pollution is the introduction of harmful substances including particulates
and biological molecules into Earth's atmosphere. It may cause diseases,
allergies or death in humans; it may also cause harm to other living
organisms such as animals and food crops, and may damage the natural or
built environment. Human activity and natural processes can both generate
air pollution.

28. Photochemical Smog and Ozone
• Smog is kind of Air pollution
• Riginally name for the
mixture of smoke and fog
in the air

29. Indices of Air Pollution
Air Quality Index (AQI)
Index values
Levels of
Health Concern
Cautionary statements
Visibility
Range in miles
0-50 Good None +10
51-100 Moderable
Unusually sensitive people should
consider reducing prolonged or heavy
exertion
05-10
101-150
Unhealthy for
sensitive group
People with heart or lung disease older
adults and chidren should reduce
prolonged or heavy exertion
03-05
151-200 unhealthy
People with heart or lung disease older
adults and chidren should avoid
prolonged or heavy exertion every one
also should reduce prolonged or heavy
exertion
1.5-1.25
201-300 very unhealthy
People with heart or lung disease older
adults and chidren should avoid all
physical activity outdoor every one alse
should reduce prolonged
1-1.25
301-500 Hazardous
People with heart or lung disease older
adults and chidren should remain indoor
and keep activity levels low every one
alse should reduce prolonged
-0.75
https://www.google.co.in/search?bih=613&biw=1366&tbm=isch&q=air+quality+index+chart&oq=
&gs_l=#imgrc=NMNjtO97CCmxJM:

30. Ambient Air Quality Standards in India
Pollutant Time Weighted Average Concentration in Ambient Air
Industrial, Residential, Rural
and Other Areas
Ecologically Sensitive Area (notified by
Central Government)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2),
µg/m3
Annual*
24 hours**
50 – 80 20 -80
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2),
µg/m3
Annual*
24 hours**
40 -80 30 -80
Particulate Matter (size less than 10
µm) or PM10 µg/m3
Annual*
24 hours**
60 -100 60 -100
Particulate Matter (size less than
2.5 µm) or PM2.5µg/m3
Annual*
24 hours**
40 -60 40 -60
Ozone (O3) µg/m3 8 hours*
1 hour**
100 -180 100 -180
Lead (Pb)
µg/m3
Annual*
24 hours**
0.50- 1.0 0.50- 1.0
Carbon Monoxide (CO) mg/m3 8 hours*
1 hour**
02 -04 02 -04
Ammonia (NH3) µg/m3 Annual*
24 hours**
100 -400 100 -400
Benzene (C6H6) µg/m3 Annual* 5 5
Arsenic(As),
ng/m3
Annual* 6 60
Nickel (Ni),
ng/m3
Annual* 20 20
* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals.
** 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 1 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be complied with 98% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two
consecutive days of monitoring.
Source: National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Central Pollution Control Board Notification in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, New Delhi, 18th
November, 2009

31. https://www.google.co.in/search?q=air+pollution+forecasting+of+india&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi
Kx9vEtvfTAhUFL48KHS6zAawQ_AUICygC&biw=1366&bih=613#imgrc=fdH9ICDqA1CiSM:

35. AQI Data of Raipur ,Chhattisgarh
STATION NAME ,
CODE & TYPE
ENTER the datewise
concentration of
pollutants
New HIG, Hirapur (Tatibandh),Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 368
& "R"
Date NO2 SO2 PM10 PM2.5 O3
CO (8 hrs)
mg/m3
NH3 Pb
18.03.2017 31.8 11.3 152.3
22.03.2017 30.2 9.7 104
29.03.2017 31.3 11.2 133
Index Category
401-500 SEVERE
301-400 VERY-POOR
201-300 POOR
101-200 MODERATE
51-100 SATISFACTORY
0-50 GOOD
Source: enviscecb.org/

36. Effect on Human, Plant
• Deposition of particulate matter containing
toxic metals affects the growth of plants
• The particulate matter after deposition on plant
leaves block stomata opening of plants and
reduce plant growth.
• The particulate matter with acid rains ,reduce
pH of the soil which make the infertile.

37. Control devices
• In today, increase in pollutant in air (Air pollution) we
need to control of this pollution and balance of
ecology with the control devices
• control devices is used in air clean from present
pollutant in air .
• different types of control devices like
• Electrostatic precipitators
• dust cyclones
• Baghouses
• Dust collector

38. Control devices• Electrostatic precipitators
• Is a particulate collection device
• that removes particles from a flowing gas
(such as air), using the force of an induced
electrostatic charge.
• The emanating dust is charged with ions
and the ionized particulate matter is
collected on an oppositely charged surface.
https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/pollution/monitoring/air-pollution/controlling/

39. Working method of Electrostatic
Precipitators
source : http://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/manufacturing_process_equipment/air_quality/electrostatic_precipitators

40. Particulate control Mechanical
collectors (dust cyclones)
Source http://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Cyclone_separator

41. Baghouses
• heavy dust loads, a dust collector
• consists of a blower, dust filter, a
filter-cleaning system, and a dust
receptacle or dust removal system
(distinguished from air cleaners
which utilize
disposable filters to remove the dust).
https://www.britannica.com/technology
/baghouse-filter

42. Control of vehicular pollution :
• The price of diesel is much cheaper than petrol which promotes
use of diesel.
• To reduce emission of sulphurdioxide, sulphur content in diesel
has been reduced to 0.05%.
• Earlier lead in the form of tetraethyl lead was added in the
petrol to raise octane level for smooth running of engines.
• Addition of lead in petrol has been banned to prevent emission
of lead particles with the vehicular emission.

43. Conclusion
Soil, Water & Air Pollution control in today is most necessary for balance of
ecosystem in future life in any sector . Managing of ecology with minimum use of
petrol on automobiles, industrial plastic material ,chemical fertilizers ,Pesticides in
field . Higher amount of afforestration those control of Soil , Water and Air pollution.
Because We are depends on natural ecological system balance So, we work maintain
the ecosystem of the earth and happies for future life or generation .
Soil ,Air & Water is most important for balance of ecosystem
''When will Unbalance Ecosystem of earth,We will can't survive in the earth ''

44.  Reference
• Singh,B. and Das,D.K.,Soil Pollution and its control ,Fundamental of Soil Science, Indian Society of Soil Science,PP
669 -691.
• Das,D.K.,Introductory of Soil Science,PP 590-600.
• Singh, K,K,Juwarkar,A. Singh,A.K. & Tomar,A.,AIR,WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION KALYANI PUBLISHERS,
LUDHIANA.
• www.who.org.in
• www.fao.in
• source;https://www.env.go.jp/en/water/soil/sp.html
• https://www.google.co.in/search?q=air+pollution+forecasting+of+india&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUK
EwiKx9vEtvfTAhUFL48KHS6zAawQ_AUICygC&biw=1366&bih=613#imgrc=fdH9ICDqA1CiSM:
• Source: enviscecb.org/
• source :
http://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/manufacturing_process_equipment/air_quality/electrostatic_precipitators
• https://www.google.co.in/search?bih=613&biw=1366&tbm=isch&q=air+quality+index+chart&oq=&gs_l=#imgrc=N
MNjtO97CCmxJM:
• Source https://www.google.co.in/search?q=water+quality+standards&source
• Source https://www.google.co.in/search?q=bioremediation+of+soil+pollution&source
• https://landarchs.com/5-best-plants-for-phytoremediationf Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences
• Online ISSN 2277-1808 Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci. Volume 2 [2] January 2013: 52- 63 © 2012, Academy for
Environment and Life Sciences, India Website: www.bepls.com