class 12th Ch 4 physical education & sports for cwsn- divyang cbse by bhawani pratap singh shekhawat

CHAPTER – 4
Physical Education & Sports for
CWSN (Children With Special
Needs- Divyang)

CBSE 12TH CLASS SESSION 2020-21
By : Bhawani Pratap Singh Shekhawat , // bhawani912@gmail.com / +91 8005864874 //
BY: BHAWANI PRATAP SINGH SHEKHAWAT

CONTENTS
By:BhawaniPratapSinghShekhawat,//
bhawani912@gmail.com/+918005864874//
Concept of Disability & Disorder
Types of Disability, its causes & nature (cognitive
disability, intellectual disability, physical disability)
Types of Disorder, its cause & nature (ADHD, SPD,
ASD, ODD, OCD)
Disability Etiquettes
Advantage of Physical Activities for children with
special needs
Strategies to make Physical Activities assessable for
children with special need.

4.1 CONCEPT OF DISABILITY &
DISORDER
Meaning of Disability
❖ Acc. To W.H.O,” A disability is restriction or
lack of ability to perform an activity in the
manner or within the range considered
normal for a human being.”
❖ “ Disability is the reduction of functional
ability to lead daily fruitful life.”
❖ “A disability is any condition that makes it
more difficult for a person to do certain
activities or interact with the world around
them.”
❖ “A physical or mental condition that limits a
person's movements, senses, or activities.”

Benefits of asanas for prevention
of diseases
Meaning of Disorder
❖ It can be said that a disorder disrupts the
normal functioning of an individual.
❖ Disorder can be define as blip in the usual
functioning of a person.
❖ Disorder create hindrance in an individual’s
performance and reduce his efficiency.
❖ A disorder cannot be detected on time, as a
result of which, a simple disorder is changed
into a disability.

4.2 Types of Disability, its causes & nature
(cognitive disability, intellectual disability,
physical disability)
Types of disability
cognitive disability
Memory disorder Hyperactivity dyslexia
intellectual disability
physical disability

1.Cognitive disability
❖ It is a neurological disorder that creates
hindrance or obstruction for an
individual to store, process and produce
information.
❖ This disability can affect an individual’s
ability or capacity to read, write,
compute and speak.
❖ This type of disability can also called
invisible disability because unlike other
disabilities, you may not be able to
assess the condition by just looking at
the individual.

Following symptoms of
cognitive disability
❖ Memory disorder
✓ An individual who have auditory
problems or difficulty in remembering
something that he/she heard, said or saw
some time ago.
❖ Hyperactivity
✓ May not have attention for long period.
✓ Difficult to stay at one place.
✓ He/she usually loses concentration
frequently
❖ Dyslexia
✓ He/she may difficulty in writing, reading,
speaking etc.

2. Intellectual Disability
❖ Limitations both in intellectual functioning
( reasoning, learning, problem solving) and
in adaptive behaviour, which covers the
range of everyday social and practical
skills.
❖ Related to the individual’s thought
processes, communication, money,
learning, problem solving and judgement.
❖ It includes psychiatric disability which is
related to the individual’s social disabilities
such as behaviour, emotions, and thinking.
❖ It begins before the age of 18 years.

3.Physical
Disability
Limitation on an individual’s physical functioning, mobility,
dexterity or stamina.
Other impairments such as respiratory disorders, blindness,
epilepsy, and sleep disorders, which limit other facets of daily life
are also included in physical disabilities.
Physical disability may either be motor deficiency( mobility
impairment) or a sensory impairment.
Motor deficiency related to spinal cord, causing paralysis to
some or all the limbs i.e., hand and legs.
It also be related to brain damage, which may occur before birth,
during or after birth or after stroke.
Visual or hearing impairment also related to sensory impairment.

Causes of
disability
Genetic cause
Poverty
Mental health problem
Accidents
Infectious disease
Disturbance in endocrine glands
Malnutrition
Poor approach to health care
Nuclear accidents
Toxic materials pesticides and insecticides
Illnesses
Lack of eduction
Wars
Medicines and vaccines
Dangerous working environment

4.3 Types of Disorder, its cause & nature (ADHD, SPD,
ASD, ODD, OCD)
ATTENTION
DEFICIT
HYPERACTIVITY
DISORDER
( ADHD)
SENSORY
PROCESSING
DISORDER (SPD)
AUTISM
SPECTRUM
DISORDER (ASD)
OPPOSITIONAL
DEFIANT
DISORDER (ODD)
OBSESSIVE
COMPULSIVE
DISORDER (OCD)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder( ADHD)
❖ A chronic condition including attention
difficulty, hyperactivity and impulsiveness.
❖ ADHD often begins in childhood and can
persist into adulthood.
❖ A person with ADHD has differences in
brain development and brain activity that
affect attention, the ability to sit still, and
self-control.
❖ ADHD often begins in childhood and can
persist into adulthood. It may contribute to
low self-esteem, troubled relationships
and difficulty at school or work.

Symptoms of ADHD
Symptoms in children Symptoms in adults
Usually forget about daily activities. Anxiety attacks
Have difficulties in organising routine
activities
Problem in controlling anger
Indulge in daydreaming. Low self-esteem.
Problems playing quietly. Easily frustrated.
Talk excessively Mood swings and depression are
common
Not pay attention and usually make
careless mistakes.
Problem in concentrating, especially while
reading.

Causes of
ADHD
Genetic factor
Brain injuries
Low birth weight
Trauma and brain diseases
Lack of discipline in the family
Diet
Exposure to toxic substance

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)
❖ SPD is a condition in which the brain has
trouble receiving and responding to information
that comes in through the senses.
❖ Sensory processing refers to the way the
nervous system receives messages from the
senses and turns them into responses.
❖ For those with SPD, sensory information goes
into the brain but does not get organized into
appropriate responses.
❖ SPD may affect a sense such as touch, sight,
taste or movement.
❖ In some case, the person with SPD may remain
unresponsive to anything around him. Even he
may fail to give any response to extreme heat or
cold or pain.

Causes of SPD
Genetic factor Low birth weight Environmental
factor
Physical cause

Autism Spectrum Disorder
(ASD)
❖ Autism spectrum disorder is a condition
related to brain development that impacts how
a person perceives and socializes with others,
causing problems in social interaction and
communication.
❖ The disorder also includes limited and
repetitive patterns of behavior.
❖ The term "spectrum" in ASD refers to the wide
range of symptoms and severity.
❖ Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors
❖ Symptoms that hurt the person’s ability to
function properly in school, work, and other
areas of life

Causes of ASD
Genetic factors
Environmental
factors
Brain development

Oppositional Defiant Disorder
(ODD)
❖ They may express their defiance by arguing, disobeying,
or talking back to their parents, teachers, or other adults.
❖ The child's behavior often disrupts the child's normal
daily activities, including activities within the family and at
school.
❖ Excessively arguing with adults, especially those with
authority
❖ Actively refusing to comply with requests and rules
❖ Deliberately trying to annoy or upset others, or being
easily annoyed by others
❖ Blaming others for your mistakes
❖ Having frequent outbursts of anger and resentment
❖ Being spiteful and seeking revenge
❖ Swearing or using obscene language
❖ Saying mean and hateful things when upset

Causes of ODD
Genetic factors
Physical factors
Psychological factors
Social factors

Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder (OCD)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD) is an anxiety disorder in
which time people have
recurring, unwanted thoughts,
ideas or sensations (obsessions)
that make them feel driven to do
something repetitively
(compulsions).
Main obsessions Main compulsions
A fear of harm to yourself or
loved one
repeating things or always
moving items to keep them
in exact order
A fear of contamination by
germs
Bathing and washing hands
several times
A fear of being embarrassed Checking things over and
over again
A fear of getting dirty Repeating specific words
A fear of making mistakes Constant praying
Persistently counting while
doing usual tasks

Causes of OCD
The exact cause of OCD is still unknown.
Research studies suggest that there may be
problem with the way one part of the brain
sends information to another part. Serotonin
is the chemical in the brain that sends the
message from one part to another.
Insufficiency of serotonin may help in
causing OCD. Stress and anxiety do not
cause OCD but they may worsen the
symptoms of OCD.
Recent studies have indicate that there may
be considerable genetic basis for OCD.
Depression is also thought to be the cause
of OCD but the experts’ opinion is split.

4.4 Disability Etiquettes
❖ Disability etiquette is a set of guidelines dealing
specifically with how to approach a person with a
disability.
General disability etiquettes
❖ Many people with disabilities prefer what is called
"person-first" language, meaning refer to the person
first, as in 'a person who is blind,' or a 'person who
uses a wheelchair,' or a 'person with a disability.
❖ Speak Directly to the Individual
❖ Respect Personal Property
❖ Offer to Shake Hands
❖ Speak with a Normal Tone of Voice
❖ Try to avoid outdated language that supports old
stereotypes that imply that people with disabilities
are experiencing constant distress and
hopelessness.
❖ Treat Disabled Adults as You Would Any Other Adult

4.5 Advantages of physical
activities for children with
special needs
Physical improvements
Mental improvements
Self-esteem
Reduce the level of anxiety, stress
and depression
Cognitive benefits
Improved social interaction
Better emotional and psychological
health
Reduce risk of health complications

4.6 Strategies to make physical activity
accessible for children with special needs
Medical check-up
Physical activity
must be based on
interests of children
Equipment related to
physical activities
should be according
to the needs of
children
Specific environment
should be provided
A variety of different
instructional
strategies should be
used
Rules should be
modified according
to the needs of
children with
disabilities
Children’s previous
experience must be
taken into
consideration

For Any
QUERY feel Free to
contact me!!!
For Any
QUERY feel Free to
contact me!!!

class 12th Ch 4 physical education & sports for cwsn- divyang cbse by bhawani pratap singh shekhawat

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